顶空气相色谱-质谱联用结合同位素峰形校正检索技术鉴别芝麻油风味成分

采用顶空气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)仪结合同位素峰形校正检索技术鉴别了市售芝麻油风味成分中的71种化合物,占总检出化合物的90.2%。检出化合物可分为吡嗪、吡咯、吡啶、噻唑、噻吩、吲哚、唑、呋喃、醛类和酚类等,其中醛、酚、吡嗪和呋喃类化合物的含量较高,分别占风味成分含量的37.4%,20.1%,10.0%和6.7%。同位素峰形校正检索技术在低分辨率质谱上可对化合物的相对分子质量实现精确测量,从而为低分辨率四极杆质谱确定化合物的元素组成和解析化合物结构提供了重要依据,同时也为芝麻油的成分分析提供了新的技术手段。     

卵巢癌、成熟型畸胎瘤与正常血液样本中挥发性组分的研究

采用顶空固相微萃取(HS-SPME)与气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术,对12例卵巢癌、17例成熟型畸胎瘤与16例正常血液样本的挥发性组分进行研究,对影响提取效果的实验因素进行了优化.在最优条件下共检出28种挥发性组分,以各组分峰面积为变量,用SIMCA-P软件进行偏最小二乘判别分析(PLS-DA),3组样本被明显区分.同时,依据PLS-DA载荷图得到8种具有显著性差异的标志物,其中己醛、蘑菇醇的变化与其在肝癌、肺癌患者血液中的变化一致,可作为诊断卵巢癌和成熟型畸胎瘤的挥发性生物标志物.     

Identification and quantification of 13 components in Angelica sinensis (Danggui) by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry coupled with pressurized liquid extraction

Angelica sinensis (Danggui in Chinese), a well-known traditional Chinese medicine, is also used as a health food product for women's care in Europe and America. Therefore, the demand for Danggui is enormous throughout the world. Due to the shortage of Angelica sinensis, Angelica acutiloba and Angelica gigas are commonly used as the substitutes of Danggui in the market of southeast Asia. However, the three common Angelica roots showed variation in their genetic and chemical composition. Up to date, it is thought that ferulic acid, ligustilide and other phthalides such as butylidenephthalide are the biologically active components of Danggui. In this paper, the contents of 13 compounds including ferulic acid, Z-ligustilide, E-ligustilide, Z-butylidenephthalide, E-butylidenephthalide, 3-butylphthalide, 3-butylidene-4-hydroxyphthalide, senkyunolide A, 6,7-epoxyligustilide, senkyunolide F, senkyunolide H, senkyunolide I, and 6,7-dihydroxyligustilide were determined or estimated by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) coupled with pressurized liquid extraction (PLE). The results showed that GC-MS coupled with PLE offered a simple, rapid and high sensitive method to analysis of components in Angelica root. And the contents of investigated compounds in Angelica sinensis, Angelica acutiloba and Angelica gigas, which are used as Danggui in China, Japan and Korea, respectively, were highly variant. It is thought that interaction of multiple chemical compounds contributes to the therapeutic effects of Chinese medicines. However, the overall clinical efficacy of these different Danggui has not been determined. Therefore, comparison of chemical components and pharmacological activities of different Angelica root is helpful to elucidate the mechanism of therapeutic effects of Danggui.     

Characterization and Three-dimensional Structural Modeling of Humic Acid via Molecular Mechanics and Molecular Dynamic Simulation

The humic acid（HA） sample obtained from the alluvial soil was characterized by elemental composition, pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（Py-GC-MS） and solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance （13C NMR） spectroscopy. There is high fat content and a few nitrogen-containing functional groups in HA. Py-GC-MS demonstrates the characterization and structural identification of HA. One long list of identified pyrolysis products was proposed for the construction of conceptual model of HA. Solid-state 13C NMR data indicate there are higher values of alkyl-C, O-alkyl-C and aryl-C in HA. The elemental composition, structural carbon distribution and L3C NMR spectroscopy of simulated HA are consistent with those of experimental HA. HyperChem was used to simulate the three-dimensional molecular structure of the monomer, which was optimized by the molecular mechanics of the optimized potential for liquid simulations（OPLS） force field and molecular dynamics simulation to get the stable and balanced conformation. The deprotonation process study depicts that the degree of ionization of HA gets deeper, while the electronegativity of HA and the energy of van der Waals（vdW） increase. Moreover, the 3D structure of humic acid with -4 charges is the most stable. The deprotonation process is an endothermic process.     

毛细管电泳结合高效液相色谱-质谱用于天然产物活性成分的筛选

发展了毛细管电泳(CE)和高效液相色谱-质谱(HPLC-MS)相结合的用于天然产物中活性成分筛选和鉴定的方法。该方法中,用HPLC半制备柱对天然产物粗提物进行分离纯化,再用CE对HPLC纯化后的组分进行活性测试。根据HPLC-MS/MS提供的二级质谱数据,即可确定活性成分的化学结构。以乙酰胆碱酯酶为实验模型,对我们发展的筛选方法进行了验证。从黄连粗提物中确定了药根碱、巴马汀等7种活性成分,并通过CE测定了它们的半抑制率(IC₅₀)值。与传统的天然产物分离纯化和活性筛选方法相比,该方法具有简单、微量、快速、准确的优点。本文建立的方法为天然产物粗提物中活性成分的筛选提供了新技术。     

A Large Volume Injection Procedure for GC-MS Determination of PAHs and PCBs

A simple on-column injection system for large volume of liquid samples for the GC-MS determination of traces of PAHs and PCBs has been investigated. A deactivated fused silica capillary 20 m × 0.53 mm I.D. and 2 meters of an HP5 column (0.53 mm,1 m film thickness) were used as retention gaps. Injection volumes of 80 L for PAHs and 90 L for PCBs, allow determination of 5–50 ng L^–1 PAHs and 11–44 ng L^–1 PCBs in hexane solution with an RSD of < 10%. The method has been used for the determination of PCBs and PAHs in soil sample.     

二级热脱附-气相色谱-质谱联用测定大气可吸入颗粒物中的16种多环芳烃

建立了二级热脱附-气相色谱-质谱联用技术测定大气可吸入颗粒物PM10中16种多环芳烃的分析方法。对二级热脱附和色谱-质谱条件进行了优化。实验结果表明,方法的检出限为0.14～0.42 ng/m3,平均加标回收率为52.7%～97.9%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为8.0%～18.4%。与传统方法相比,该方法的样品前处理时间短、有机溶剂的使用量少,是对人体及环境友善的检测技术。该方法已应用于32份实际大气颗粒物样品的分析。     

稀有原人参二醇型皂苷的人肠道菌群生物转化

利用高分离度液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱(RRLC-Q-TOF MS)和超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱(UPLC-QQQ MS)定性定量分析了稀有原人参二醇型皂苷Rd, F₂, Rg₃, CK和Rh₂在离体人肠道菌群中的生物转化过程. 并将上述二醇型皂苷与人肠道菌群在体外厌氧, 37 ℃下共温孵育, 采用电喷雾质谱在负离子模式进行检测, 鉴定代谢产物, 监测其含量变化, 拟合代谢路径. 结果表明, 人参皂苷Rd主要被代谢为F₂, Rg₃, CK, Rh₂和PPD; 人参皂苷F₂主要被代谢为CK和PPD; 人参皂苷Rg₃主要被代谢为Rh₂和PPD; 人参皂苷CK和Rh₂主要被代谢为PPD. 在离体条件下, 人参皂苷Rd, F₂和Rg₃会被肠道菌群完全转化为其代谢产物, 而人参皂苷CK和Rh₂则不能被肠道菌群完全转化为其代谢产物. 原人参二醇型皂苷在人肠道菌群中的主要转化为脱糖基反应, 单糖苷和苷元是稀有原人参二醇型皂苷在人体内发挥药效的物质基础.     

多壁碳纳米管QuEChERS/气相色谱-质谱联用法快速检测黄芪中16种农药

建立了QuEChERS/气相色谱-质谱联用法(GC-MS)同时测定黄芪中α-六六六、β+γ-六六六、δ-六六六、五氯硝基苯、p,p′-滴滴伊、o,p′-滴滴涕、p,p′-滴滴滴、p,p′-滴滴涕、甲霜灵、二嗪磷、七氯、嘧菌环胺、腐霉利、顺式氯丹、反式氯丹、咯菌腈16种农药残留的分析方法。样品前处理采用改进的QuEChERS方法,黄芪粉加水浸润后,乙腈涡旋振荡提取,多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)、正丙基乙二胺(PSA)、MgSO₄净化,结合GC-MS检测系统,电子轰击源(EI),HP-5ms毛细管柱分离,程序升温,离子扫描模式(SIM)检测。在优化条件下,16种农药在0.01～5.0 mg/L质量浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数不低于0.974,方法的定量下限(S/N=10)为0.002～0.035 mg/kg,平均回收率为71.9%～115%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.2%～14%。该方法具有操作简单快捷、灵敏度高等优点。     

气相色谱-质谱法同时测定地下水中42种半挥发性有机污染物

建立了同时测定地下水中多环芳烃(PAHs)、多氯联苯(PCBs)、有机氯农药(OCPs)和有机磷农药(OPPs)等42种半挥发性有机污染物的分析方法,对固相萃取、液-液萃取、萃取溶剂和色谱柱等分析条件进行优化。最终采用乙酸乙酯-正己烷(1∶4)液液萃取,DB-5MS色谱柱分离,GC-MS/SIM测定,内标法定量。结果表明,42种目标物在0.5~1 000μg/L范围内线性关系良好(r20.995);方法检出限为0.05~3.08 ng/L。在10、40、400 ng/L加标水平下,42种目标物的基体加标平均回收率为73.0%~107%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=5)为1.4%~11.3%。将方法应用于石家庄周边地区水样检测,结果可靠。该方法灵敏、准确、简单易行,可显著提高地下水中主要有机污染物的分析效率。