Quantitative structure–ion intensity relationship strategy to the prediction of absolute levels without authentic standards

The lack of authentic standards represents a major bottleneck in the quantitative analysis of complex samples. Here we propose a quantitative structure and ionization intensity relationship (QSIIR) approach to predict the absolute levels of compounds in complex matrixes. An absolute quantitative method for simultaneous quantification of 25 organic acids was firstly developed and validated. Napierian logarithm (LN) of the relative slope rate derived from the calibration curves was applied as an indicator of the relative ionization intensity factor (RIIF) and serves as the dependent variable for building a QSIIR model via a multiple linear regression (MLR) approach. Five independent variables representing for hydrogen bond acidity, HOMO energy, the number of hydrogen bond donating group, the ratio of organic phase, and the polar solvent accessible surface area were found as the dominant contributors to the RIIF of organic acids. This QSIIR model was validated to be accurate and robust, with the correlation coefficients (R²), R² adjusted, and R² prediction at 0.945, 0.925, and 0.89, respectively. The deviation of accuracy between the predicted and experimental value in analyzing a real complex sample was less than 20% in most cases (15/18). Furthermore, the high adaptability of this model was validated one year later in another LC/MS system. The QSIIR approach is expected to provide better understanding of quantitative structure and ionization efficiency relationship of analogous compounds, and also to be useful in predicting the absolute levels of analogous analytes in complex mixtures.     

色谱质谱联用技术研究30%二甲基二乙氧基硅烷/70%正硅酸乙酯复合醇盐的水解聚合行为

采用色谱质谱联用技术研究了1种复合醇盐：30％二甲基二乙氧基硅烷／70％正硅酸乙酯（DDS／TEOS）的水解聚合过程，并由此分析了这两种有机-无机酸盐的相互作用机制和聚合方式，实验结果指出，DDS的添加抑制了TEOS的自聚合，使得体系中形成了大量的DDS的自聚合环状分子（（（CH3）2Si—O—）n）以及TEOS和DDS的共聚合高分子，由于后者对水解聚合的加速作用，使得30％DDS／70％TEOS系统具有最短的凝胶时间。     

Determination of Aroclor 1260 in soil samples by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry and solid‐phase microextraction

A novel fast screening method was developed for the determination of polychlorinated biphenyls that are constituents of the commercial mixture, Aroclor 1260, in soil matrices by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry combined with solid‐phase microextraction. Nonequilibrium headspace solid‐phase microextraction with a 100 μm polydimethylsiloxane fiber was used to extract polychlorinated biphenyls from 0.5 g of soil matrix. The use of 2 mL of saturated potassium dichromate in 6 M sulfuric acid solution improved the reproducibility of the extractions and the mass transfer of the polychlorinated biphenyls from the soil matrix to the microextraction fiber via the headspace. The extraction time was 30 min at 100°C. The percent recoveries, which were evaluated using an Aroclor 1260 standard and liquid injection, were within the range of 54.9–65.7%. Two‐way extracted ion chromatogram data were used to construct calibration curves. The relative error was <±15% and the relative standard deviation was <15%, which are respective measures of the accuracy and precision. The method was validated with certified soil samples and the predicted concentrations for Aroclor 1260 agreed with the certified values. The method was demonstrated to be linear from 10 to 1000 ng/g for Aroclor 1260 in dry soil.     

Quantitative analysis and chromatographic fingerprinting of the semen zizyphi spinosae by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode-array detector

A simple and sensitive method was developed and validated for fingerprint analysis of semen zizyphi spinosae (SZS) and simultaneous determination of six flavonoids in SZS by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled to diode‐array detector (DAD). The analysis was performed on an Agilent ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18 RRHD column. The column was maintained at 40°C and the eluents were monitored with DAD at 270 nm. A gradient elution of acetonitrile and water containing 20 mM sodium dihydrogen phosphate was used. The solvent flow rate was 0.4 mL/min. The method was validated. Standard calibration curves showed good linear behaviors (r=1.000) in the range of 0.33–201.00 μg/mL. Acceptable intra‐day precision (RSD<1.9%), inter‐day precision (RSD<4.0%), repeatability (RSD<4.1%) and recovery in the range of 97.4–104% were obtained. The validated method was successfully applied to obtain the chromatographic fingerprints and the contents of six flavonoids in 23 samples of SZS. The principal component analysis (PCA) had been applied for the chromatographic fingerprint analysis and quantitative analysis of six flavonoids to classify and discriminate the 23 samples of SZS. These results demonstrated that the method was very suitable in the analysis and quality control of SZS.     

固相微萃取法测定负压体系中的微量挥发性有机物

通过固相微萃取气相色谱质谱法定性或定量检测负压体系中十二种微量挥发性有机物,如乙醇、二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯、正己烷、甲苯等,检出范围1.6 ×l0-3 μg.L-1 ～1.7 μg.L-1.     

Evaluation of the interaction of bioactive compounds in Cortex Pseudolarix and Radix Stephaniae by the microdialysis probe coupled with high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry

An efficient and convenient method, biological fingerprinting chromatogram analysis is presented, which is applied to the comparison of fingerprinting chromatograms of the extracts of Chinese herbal medicines after the interaction with biological systems (cell, DNA, protein, etc.). The method was established for the purpose of screening and analysis of the multiple bioactive compounds in herbal medicines. In this work, microdialysis sampling combined with high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) was studied for binding property of MCF-7 and multidrug resistant MCF-7 cell systems. The results showed that pseudolaric acid A (PAA) and pseudolaric acid B (PAB) in the cortex of Pseudolarix kaempferi (Lamb.) Gorden can easily bind to the MCF-7 cells ranging from 0 to 16.3% (PAA) and from 0 to 35.7% (PAB), and another compound, tetrandrine (TET) from the root of Stephania tetrandrae S. Moore, showed higher binding activity with multidrug resistant MCF-7 cells ranging from 0 to 39.9%.     

断层扫描分析法用于联用色谱二维数据的解析Ⅱ. 定量分析:原理与应用

提出了一种全新的色谱一光谱二维数据信息处理手段——断层扫描分析法。本研究介绍断层扫描分析法的定量分析原理：在重叠色谱峰簇中,每个色谱保留时间处都可得到一条光谱“断层”;针对不同的光谱“断层”,可结合褶合曲线分析法进行定量分析,并最终获得重叠色谱峰簇中待测组分的定量信息。用断层扫描分析法对一实验体系进行了定量分析,结果满意。     

An improved transmutation method for quantitative determination of the components in multicomponent overlapping chromatograms

An improved method is proposed for the quantitative determination of multicomponent overlapping chromatograms based on a known transmutation method. To overcome the main limitation of the transmutation method caused by the oscillation generated in the transmutation process, two techniques—wavelet transform smoothing and the cubic spline interpolation for reducing data points—were adopted, and a new criterion was also developed. By using the proposed algorithm, the oscillation can be suppressed effectively, and quantitative determination of the components in both the simulated and experimental overlapping chromatograms is successfully obtained.     

Characterization of peptide–protein interactions using photoaffinity labeling and LC/MS

The combination of photoaffinity labeling (PAL) with modern mass spectrometric techniques is a powerful approach for the characterization of peptide–protein interactions. Depending on the analytical strategy applied, a PAL experiment can provide different levels of information ranging from the identification of interaction partners to the structural characterization of ligand-binding sites. On the basis of LC/MS data generated in the framework of the identification of the binding site of the neuropeptide corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) on its binding protein (CRFBP), the key role of LC/MS in the characterization of photoadducts on different structural levels was demonstrated. Covalent photoadducts of rat CRFBP (rCRFBP) were obtained by PAL with different mono- and bifunctional benzophenone photoprobes designed on the basis of the sequence of the synthetic CRF fragment human/rat CRF^6–33 which binds to CRFBP with high affinity. In view of the stoichiometry, LC/MS analysis revealed that the photoadducts consisted of one molecule of photoprobe and one molecule of rCRFBP. For a further characterization of the photoadducts on the oligopeptide level, enzymatic digests of unlabeled rCRFBP and of the respective photoadduct were compared by peptide mapping monitored with LC/MS. Thereby, it was found that the photoprobe that contained the photophore at its N-terminus labeled the amino acid sequence rCRFBP(34–38), whereas the photoprobe that contained the photophore at its C-terminus labeled rCRFBP(12–26). On the basis of the characterization of the photoadduct formed by rCRFBP and the bifunctional photoprobe that contained photophores on both termini, semiquantitative comparison of different enzymatic digests was accomplished by application of the mass-selective multiple ion chromatogram strategy.     

棒状薄层色谱/氢火焰离子化检测器复杂混峰谱图特征提取方法的研究及应用

分析了各种工艺的重油样品近300种，通过各样品的薄层色谱图提取了谱图识别的特征变量，实现了由TLC／FID谱图识别样品类型的目的，并采用偏最小二乘方法将谱图数据特征与洗脱色谱法（eluting chromatography，简称EC^[2]法）进行了关联，从而用于重油样品的烃族组成分析，预测结果与EC法相符。