氯对苯氧化过程影响机制的实验研究

针对高含氯垃圾气化-燃烧工艺中焦油的氧化裂解过程,利用均相管流反应器配合傅里叶红外光谱仪,以C_6H_6为焦油模型化合物,对比研究了氯参与前后,裂解产物组成和氧化完全程度随温度和当量比的变化,探索了氯对C_6H_6氧化裂解过程的影响机制。结果表明,低温下氯对C_6H_6的氧化有明显的激发作用,但由于氯对OH的消耗,对裂解产物进一步转化为完全氧化产物CO_2又存在抑制作用。此外,在高温低当量比条件下氯对聚合反应也有促进作用。因此,在工程应用中,高含氯垃圾气化产物的燃烧可适应更低的温度,但应避免高温低当量比反应环境的形成以避免聚合产物。此外,还应控制垃圾原料中的氯元素比例,以保障氧化反应的充分进行。     

Electrochemical alternatives for drinking water disinfection

Chlorination is the most common method worldwide for the disinfection of drinking water. However, the identification of potentially toxic products from this method has encouraged the development of alternative disinfection technologies. Among them, electrochemical disinfection has emerged as one of the more feasible alternatives to chlorination. This article reviews electrochemical systems that can contribute to drinking water disinfection and underscores the efficiency of recently developed diamond films in chlorine-free electrochemical systems.     

城市生活垃圾与煤矸石混烧特性及其HCl排放特性研究

利用热重分析仪对城市生活垃圾与煤矸石单独及混合燃烧特性进行了研究,并采用高温管式炉燃烧装置考察了PVC、NaCl及MSW与煤矸石混烧过程中HCl的排放规律。结果表明,在煤矸石中掺烧部分MSW可有效改善煤矸石的燃烧特性,尤其是脱挥发分和着火特性。综合考虑燃烧特性变化,建议MSW掺混比例为20%。PVC与NaCl掺混比较低时,煤矸石可抑制PVC燃烧过程中HCl的析出,会显著促进NaCl中HCl的析出;当掺混比增大时,上述作用逐渐减弱。MSW与煤矸石混烧时,会促进HCl的析出,增大烟气中HCl的浓度。当掺混比为10%时,HCl排放浓度达到56.22 mg/m~3,已超过中国国家标准,必须采取相应脱氯措施。     

自动电位滴定法测定铜精矿中高含量氯

使用无水碳酸钠-氧化锌混合熔剂焙烧半熔铜精矿样品,分离大量的基体元素,用沸水浸取半熔物,在乙醇-水溶液中用硝酸银标准溶液电位滴定测定试液中的氯量;利用氯与银发生化学反应生成氯化银沉淀的原理以及电位突跃判断滴定终点。方法操作简单快速,重现性好,适应性强,可准确测定铜精矿中高含量氯(0.10%~5.00%)。     

含贵金属的BaZrO3 储存NOx 催化剂结构及性能研究

A series of perovskite-type BaZrO3 catalysts are prepared by the sol-gel method. Their NOx storage capacity（NSC）and the resistance of SO2 poison are measured. XRD,XPS and FT-IR techniques are also used to characterize their structures and the influence of the structures on performance. The results indicate that,after calcinations at 750 and 900 ℃,the Ba and Zr species mainly exist in the form of perovskite BaZrO3 phase,and the BaCO3 and ZrO2 phases also exist. The presence of bulk nitrate is shown by XRD and FT-IR after BaZrO3 absorbing NOx . The Rh/BaZrO3 is prepared by doping 0.5%Rh on the BaZrO3 with the impregnation method. It is found that the Rh mainly deposits on the surface of catalyst. However,the noble metals 0.5% Rh or Pt well disperse on the surface of the sample after the BaZrO3 is mixed with γ-Al2O3 in equal weight proportion. The structure of perovskite BaZrO3 may be partly broken after doping Rh or Pt,because of the reduction by hydrogen in the process of preparing samples,and then some ZrO2 is enriched on the surface. The BaZrO3 catalysts possess high NSC and high resistance ability of SO2 poison. The NSC of Rh/BaZrO3 decreases compared to that of BaZrO3 . However,the NSC of the samples Pt/BaZrO3/γ-Al2O3 and Rh/BaZrO3/γ-Al2O3 increases by 78% and 15% respectively. It is noticed that the NSC enhances for all the samples containing noble metal Pt or Rh duing the 0.01%SO2 mixed with the NO and O2 . It implies that the NO oxidation is improved by SO2 .     

Crosslinking of chlorine‐containing polymers by dicyclopentadiene dicarboxylic salts

Alkali‐ and alkali‐earth‐metal salts of dicyclopentadiene dicarboxylic acid (DCPDCA) were prepared and employed as crosslinkers for chlorine‐containing polymers such as polychloromethylstyrene (PCMS), chlorinated polypropylene (CPP), polyepichlorohydrin (PECH), and poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). Thermally reversible covalent crosslinks (i.e.,  DCPD bridges) between polymer chains were generated through esterification between the chlorine–carbon bonds of the polymer and the carboxylic salt groups of the crosslinker. The crosslinking reactivity decreased in the following sequence: K > Na > LiDCPDCA > alkali‐earth‐metal salts of DCPDCA. In addition, PCMS and CPP had higher gelation rates than PECH and PVC. Good flowability at about 195 °C and solubility in maleimide‐containing dichlorobenzene on heating indicated that the crosslinked PCMS and CPP exhibited thermally reversible crosslinking because of dimer/monomer (cyclopentadiene) conversion of  DCPD moieties via reversible Diels–Alder cycloaddition. Samples of PECH and PVC crosslinked by the alkali salts of DCPDCA were insoluble even when heated in maleimide‐containing dichlorobenzene. However, these crosslinked polymers could be dissolved partially after the same treatment when the crosslinker was an alkali‐earth‐metal salt of DCPDCA. Thermal degradation such as dehydrochlorination of the PECH and PVC might have been responsible for uncontrolled crosslinking because these two polymers are known to be thermally unstable. The unreacted COOK, COONa, or COOLi of the crosslinkers might have initiated base‐induced dehydrochlorination when PECH and PVC were heated at high temperatures. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 38: 818–825, 2000     

ChemInform Abstract: Neutron Diffraction of Homopolyatomic Bismuth Ions in Liquid Bi5(AlCl4)3 and ab initio Study of the Structure and Bonding of the Isolated Bi53+ Ion.

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.     

A Paper‐Based Platform for Long‐Term Deposition of Nanoparticles with Exceptional Redispersibility,Stability, and Functionality

Although nanoparticles (NPs) can be carefully engineered to have maximal stability and functionality desirable for use in diverse applications, they are generally not suitable for long‐term storage in solution. It is also difficult to store NPs in a dry state because dried NPs generally become aggregated and cannot easily be redispersed. Thus, a new strategy allowing long‐term storage of NPs with high stability, redispersibility, and functionality is highly demanded. By passivating the 13 nm gold nanoparticle (AuNP) surface with stabilizing agents and treating a paper substrate with both bovine serum albumin and sucrose after coating with a hydrophobic polyvinyl butyral layer, it is possible to fully redisperse (≈100%) dried AuNPs with colloidal stability comparable to that of as‐prepared AuNPs. Furthermore, AuNPs physically stabilized with polyvinylpyrrolidone can react with thiol‐containing compounds, such as 1,4‐dithiothreitol (DTT). Taking advantage of the oxidation reaction of hypochlorous acid with DTT, it is possible to demonstrate a paper‐based colorimetric sensor for detection of residual chlorine in water. Since this strategy is applicable to large‐sized AuNPs (30–90 nm), silver NPs, oleic acid‐capped magnetic NPs, and cetrimonium bromide‐passivated gold nanorods, it can be used for diverse NPs requiring long‐term storage for many applications.     

氯气的制取与性质实验绿色化设计

针对氯气有毒及其与金属反应易于泄露等实验不足,设计了氯气制取、氯气与金属反应和氯水成分探究的全封闭实验。其中,氯气与金属的反应采用原位电加热的方式,加热速度快,金属在氯气中的燃烧现象明显,且能快速识别产物,有效地消除了因加热带来的氯气泄露问题;氯水成分的探究是通过青霉素瓶在封闭条件下进行的。整个实验仪器常规,装置简单,药品用量少,操作容易,现象明显,安全无污染,非常适合课堂演示。