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61.
Suresh K. Jewrajka Uma Chatterjee 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2006,44(6):1841-1854
The synthesis of polymer‐matrix‐compatible amphiphilic gold (Au) nanoparticles with well‐defined triblock polymer poly[2‐(N,N‐dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate]‐b‐poly(methyl methacrylate)‐b‐poly[2‐(N,N‐dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate] and diblock polymers poly(methyl methacrylate)‐b‐poly[2‐(N,N‐dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate], polystyrene‐b‐poly[2‐(N,N‐dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate], and poly(t‐butyl methacrylate)‐b‐poly[2‐(N,N‐dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate] in water and in aqueous tetrahydrofuran (tetrahydrofuran/H2O = 20:1 v/v) at room temperature is reported. All these amphiphilic block copolymers were synthesized with atom transfer radical polymerization. The variations of the position of the plasmon resonance band and the core diameter of such block copolymer functionalized Au particles with the variation of the surface functionality, solvent, and molecular weight of the hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts of the block copolymers were systematically studied. Different types of polymer–Au nanocomposite films [poly(methyl methacrylate)–Au, poly(t‐butyl methacrylate)–Au, polystyrene–Au, poly(vinyl alcohol)–Au, and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone)–Au] were prepared through the blending of appropriate functionalized Au nanoparticles with the respective polymer matrices {e.g., blending poly[2‐(N,N‐dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate]‐b‐poly(methyl methacrylate)‐b‐poly[2‐(N,N‐dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate‐stabilized Au with the poly(methyl methacrylate)matrix only}. The compatibility of specific block copolymer modified Au nanoparticles with a specific homopolymer matrix was determined by a combination of ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry analyses. The facile formation of polymer–Au nanocomposites with a specific block copolymer stabilized Au particle was attributed to the good compatibility of block copolymer coated Au particles with a specific polymer matrix. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 1841–1854, 2006 相似文献
62.
Dilyana Paneva Laetitia Mespouille Nevena Manolova Philippe Dege Iliya Rashkov Philippe Dubois 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2006,44(19):5468-5479
Polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) have been prepared from well‐defined (quaternized) poly[2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate] (PDMAEMA) and high molecular weight poly(2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropane sodium sulfonate) (PAMPSNa) after a thorough study of their viscometric properties. The effect of pH and quaternization degree of PDMAEMA on PECs stoichiometry has been examined. PEC‐based materials have been characterized in terms of thermal stability, equilibrium swelling degree, and free/bound water composition. The stoichiometry and swellability of the physically crosslinked hydrogels obtained from fully quaternized PDMAEMA/PAMPSNa complexes do not depend on pH. In contrast, PECs made of non quaternized PDMAEMA and PAMPSNa are highly affected by pH, and could reversibly disintegrate at pH ≥ 9. Partially quaternized PDMAEMA/PAMPSNa PECs exhibit intermediate properties and form stable loose structures in the whole investigated pH range. Finally, stable dispersions of PECs nanoparticles have been successfully produced from dilute solutions of the complementary polyelectrolytes. The nanoparticle average diameter as determined by dynamic light scattering proved to depend on the molar fraction of DMAEMA‐based subunits and on the initial polyelectrolyte concentration. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 5468–5479, 2006 相似文献
63.
Tali Menahem Yitzhak Mastai 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2006,44(9):3009-3017
A series of chiral polymers based on poly(N‐acryl) amino acids was synthesized using a convergent synthetic approach. These chiral polymers have been used as chiral additives to induce enantioselective crystallization of racemic or conglomerate amino acids in solutions. These polymeric additives showed strong capabilities to enhance highly enantioselective resolution during the crystallization of amino acids. In addition, these polymers caused unusual modifications of amino acid crystal morphologies. Furthermore, spherical microparticles of those same chiral polymers were also shown active in similar chiral discriminations during amino acid crystallizations occurring on microparticle surfaces. Our study demonstrates the high potential of chiral polymers and microparticles to resolve amino acids throughout crystallization processes. High enantiomeric excesses in one targeted enantiomer of amino acids can also be maximized via time‐dependent kinetic control of crystallizations. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 3009–3017, 2006 相似文献
64.
General purpose poly(styrene) is a large
volume commodity polymer widely used in a range of applications. For many
of these the presence of an additive to impart some flammability resistance
is required. Most commonly, brominated aromatics are used for this purpose.
As the polymer undergoes combustion these compounds decompose to generate
bromine atoms and/or hydrogen bromide which escape to the gas phase and trap
flame propagating radicals. While these species are effective in inhibiting
flame propagation they present the opportunity for loss of halogen to the
atmosphere. For this reason, the use of these compounds is being limited in
some parts of the world. Phosphorus compounds, on the other had, impart a
flame retarding influence by promoting char formation at the surface of the
burning polymer. This prevents heat feedback to the polymer and consequent
pyrolysis to generate fuel fragments. The combination of both bromine and
phosphorus present in a single compound might generate a superior flame-retarding
additive in that both modes of retardancy might be promoted simultaneously.
Should this be the case smaller amounts of additive might be necessary to
achieve a satisfactory level of flame retardancy. A series of such additives,
brominated aryl phosphates, has been synthesized and fully characterized spectroscopically.
Blends of these additives, at various levels, with poly(styrene) have been
examined by DSC, TG and in the UL-94 flame test. The flammability of the polymer
is dramatically diminished by the presence of the additive. 相似文献
65.
R. B. King 《Russian Chemical Bulletin》1993,42(11):1772-1781
Reactions of disodium tetracarbonylferrate, Na2Fe(CO)4, with sterically hindered dialkylaminodichlorophosphines, R2NPCl2 (R2N=diisopropylamino, dicyclohexylamino, and 2,2, 6, 6-tetramethylpiperidino) in diethyl ether lead to the air-stable phosphorus-bridging carbonyl derivatives (R2NP)2COFe2(CO)6 as the major products. The phosphorus-bridging carbonyl group in (i-Pr2NP)2COFe2(CO)6 has been found to undergo the following types of reactions: 1)Reduction, 2)Acylation, 3)Extrusion of the carbonyl group. The mechanisms of the reactions have been considered.This work was presented at the Workshop «The Modern Problems of Heteroorganic Chemistry» held on the ship «Nikolai Bauman» during the period May 8–13, 1993.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 11, pp. 1858–1867, November, 1993. 相似文献
66.
激光感生碰撞能量转移的四能级理论模型 总被引:6,自引:2,他引:4
首次考虑了两个中间态对激光感生碰撞能量转移的影响,发展了激光感生碰撞能量转移的四能级理论模型,推导出态振幅的运动方程,并给出碰撞截面的近似表达式,通过对Eu-Sr和Cs-Sr系统的数值计算表明,当频率差│ω21│大小和│ω43│可以相比时,利用三能级近似理论就难以获得令人满意的计算结果,而四能级理论模型则适合于任何情况下的激光感生碰能量转移。 相似文献
67.
用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的铜盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了CuPMo/TiO2催化剂,并用ICP,XRD,TG-DTA,IR,TPD-MS和微反技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化性能.结果表明:杂多钼酸盐与TiO2表面通过O2-桥发生键联.在623K下,杂多阴离子仍保持其原有的Keggin结构;CO2在Lewis酸位Cu(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Cu-O-Mo桥氧的协同作用下形成卧式吸附态Cu(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Cu);丙烯以分子吸附态在催化剂上吸附;在空速1500h-1,压力1MPa和温度563K的反应条件下,丙烯的转化率为4.2%,甲基丙烯酸的选择性为96%. 相似文献
68.
N. K. Gusarova B. A. Trofimov T. N. Rakhmatulina S. F. Malysheva S. N. Arbuzova S. I. Shaikhudinova A. I. Albanov 《Russian Chemical Bulletin》1994,43(9):1591-1592
The reaction of styrene and -methylstyrene with P in aprotic polar solvents in the presence of KOH affords diorganylphosphinous acids.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 9, pp. 1680–1681, September, 1994. 相似文献
69.
70.
光学活性化合物的工业合成 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
本文介绍了光学活性化合物研究现状及发展趋势。并从技术和经济角度论述了工业合成光学活性化合物的可能性 相似文献