Interrelationship between total volatile organic compounds emissions,structure and properties of natural rubber/polycaprolactone bio-blends cross-linked with peroxides

Natural rubber/polycaprolactone (NR/PCL) bio-based blends with different organic peroxides were prepared using an internal batch mixer and subsequently cross-linked at 170 °C. Two types of commonly used organic peroxides, dicumyl peroxide and di(tert-butylperoxyisopropyl)benzene peroxide, were applied as free-radical initiator. Cross-linking efficiency of NR/PCL blends were investigated using oscillating disc rheometer measurements, followed by infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical analysis and tensile testing. Total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs) emissions were determined using headspace analysis integrated with gas chromatography with flame ionization detector. Determined TVOCs emissions varying in range 21.6–52.1 μg/g and generally value of this parameter decreased with increasing content of PCL phase in studied blends or with application of more efficient di(tert-butylperoxyisopropyl)benzene peroxide as cross-linking agent. It was found that increasing of TVOCs parameter indicated deterioration of mechanical properties of NR/PCL blends, which corresponded with the changes in chemical structure and thermal properties of cross-linked NR/PCL. This confirms that evaluation of TVOCs parameter is interesting alternative for “conventional methods” to characterization of the studied bio-based blends.     

Sulphur removal of iron ore tailings by flotation

Iron ore tailings have become one kind of the most hazardous solid waste. Beneficiation of iron ore tailings is a significant issue in the world steel industries, from the point of view of both pollution control and secondary resources. This investigation addressed the processing of tailings with high sulphur content from an iron ore concentrator to produce pellet feed fines and to prevent acid mine drainage. This study was the lab-scale testing of an integrated method consisting of froth flotation combined with gravity and magnetic separation. Reverse flotation located at the end of the primary treatment circuit (high- and low-intensity magnetic separation) will lower a large amount of the sulphur from magnetic separator concentrate. The effects of various operating parameters such as concentrations of collector, frother, depressant and activator, pH, solid-in-pulp concentration have been studied on the sulphur removal using reverse flotation. According to the data presented in this study, the maximum recovery of total sulphur was obtained when the operational parameters were set to the PAX dosage160?gr/t, MIBC dosage 140?gr/t, CuSo₄ 100?gr/t, air flow rate 10?l/min, pH 8.5, and pulp density 30%. With these optimum parameters, final concentrate with the grade of 63.7% Fe and 0.085% S was obtained. The results of this study indicated that, with this method, a great amount of iron concentrate is produced and, simultaneously, the sulphidic fraction is separated that can later be managed more easily owing to the reduced volume.     

全二维气相色谱-飞行时间质谱对催化裂化汽油的定性与定量分析

采用全二维气相色谱-飞行时间质谱(GC×GC-TOF MS)对催化裂化汽油全馏分进行了定性与定量分析,建立了相应的分析方法.结果表明,汽油族组成中的烷烃、烯烃、环烷烃、芳烃在全二维点阵谱图中呈分区域、带状的分布特点.GC×GC-TOF MS根据催化裂化汽油组分内分子的沸点及极性差异对其进行两个维度分离,极大地避免了普通色谱法分析过程中沸点相似化合物共流的弊端,实现催化裂化汽油组分的精确分离和准确定性分析.通过引入响应因子,修正了不同性质的烃类在电离源上电离效率的差异,使得TOF对催化裂化汽油族组成的定量结果与普通气相色谱法的定量结果的相关性较好,且应用GC×GC-TOF MS方法获得了催化裂化汽油更为精确的族组成信息.GC×GC-TOF MS为催化裂化汽油精确表征提供了一种有效方法.     

人参皂苷Rb2在大鼠体内的药代动力学行为及代谢产物研究

建立快速高分离度液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱联用方法(RRLC-Q-TOF-MS),分析人参皂苷Rb2在大鼠体内的药代动力学行为,并探索人参皂苷Rb2在大鼠体内的代谢过程.采用Agilent SB-C18色谱柱,流动相A为0.1％甲酸溶液,B为乙腈,流速为0.2 mL/min,进样量为5μL,二元线性梯度洗脱分离,采用电喷雾负离子模式进行质谱检测.方法的检出限(S/N=3)和定量限(S/N=10)分别为0.08 μg/mL和0.1 μg/mL,线性范围为0.10～ 1.26 μg/mL.结果表明,人参皂苷Rb2静脉注射后的体内代谢过程符合二室模型特征,血药浓度半衰期的α相(t1/2α)和β相(t1/2β)分别为(23.58±1.10)和(1306.55±147.23) min.通过对静脉注射人参皂苷Rb2的大鼠尿液和口服后的粪便样本进行分析,发现Rb2的代谢产物为M6,M2(C-Y),F2,C-K.     

Axisymmetric thermoelastoplastic stress-strain state of flexible laminated transversely isotropic shells

The paper presents a technique for numerical analysis of the elastoplastic stress-strain state of flexible laminated shells of revolution made of isotropic and transversely isotropic materials and subjected to axisymmetric loading and heating. The technique is based on the Kirchhoff-Love hypotheses for the whole laminate. The deformation of the isotropic materials is described using the theory of deformation along paths of small curvature. The deformation of the transversely isotropic material is described using the flow theory with isotropic hardening. The process of loading is divided into steps at each of which the stress-strain state is determined by the method of successive approximations. A numerical example is given __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 42, No. 12, pp. 76–86, December, 2006.     

Thermoelastoplastic axisymmetric stress-strain state of laminated orthotropic shells

A method is proposed for the numerical analysis of the thermoelastoplastic stress-strain state of laminated shells of revolution, made of isotropic and orthotropic materials, under axisymmetric loading. The method is based on the Kirchhoff-Love hypotheses for a layer stack, the theory of deformation along paths of small curvature for isotropic materials, and Hills theory of flow with isotropic hardening for orthotropic materials. The problem is solved by the method of successive approximations. A numerical example is given.__________Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 40, No. 12, pp. 84–91, December 2004.     

Elastoplastic Axisymmetric Stress-Strain State of Laminated Shells Made of Isotropic and Transversely Isotropic Materials with Different Moduli

A method is developed for analysis of the elastoplastic stress-strain state of laminated shells of revolution under axisymmetric loading. The shells are made of isotropic and transversally isotropic materials with different moduli. The method is based on the Kirchhoff-Love hypotheses for the whole laminate, the theory of deformation along paths of small curvature (for isotropic materials), and the theory of elasticity with different tensile and compressive moduli (transversely isotropic materials). The problem is solved by the method of successive approximations. Numerical examples are given __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 41, No. 8, pp. 88–96, August 2005.     

羟基硅酸盐润滑油添加剂对45#钢/球墨铸铁摩擦副摩擦磨损性能的影响

采用MM-200型摩塔磨损试验机考察了45^#钢／球墨铸铁摩擦副在650SN基础油和含羟基硅酸盐矿物复合微粉的650SN基础油(KF-1)润滑下的摩擦磨损性能，结果表明：在650SN基础油润滑下的摩擦系数和磨损率随试验时间增加变化较小；而在KF-1润滑下，试验初期的摩擦系数和磨损率比基础油润滑下的稍大，随着试验时间的延长，相应的摩擦系数和磨损率同基础油润滑下的相比明显降低．磨损表面显微硬度测试结果表明，在KF-1润滑下45^#钢磨损表面形成了多孔摩擦改性层，硬度明显提高，因而摩擦磨损性能显著改善．     

有限尺寸多钉连接件钉传载荷计算的解析方法

提供一种确定多钉连接件中钉传载荷的解析方法，这个方法将被连接件看作弹性体，以经典结构力学以及弹性理论平面问题复变函数解法为基础，建立了求解钉传载荷的线性代数方程组并给出了若干算例。这个方法不仅具有合理的力学模型，而且具有计算的简捷性与适用的广泛性。     

铸铁材料在边界润滑条件下形成薄片状磨屑的塑性流动机制

本文在铸铁材料油润滑线接触滑动磨损状态研究的基础上,对边界润滑区典型的薄片状磨屑之形成过程进行了考察。通过对磨损表面的几何形貌、磨屑的形态和内部显微组织变化的分析,提出了薄片状磨屑的塑性流动形成机制。作者认为,薄片状磨屑的形成是磨损表面材料在局部应力和摩擦热的作用下以3种方式发生塑性流动的结果:当摩擦方向垂直于磨削加工条纹时为单侧塑性流动;当摩擦方向平行于磨削加工条纹时为双侧塑性流动;而在峰顶平台(磨削加工粗糙条纹磨合后形成的微平台)较大且载荷较高时,则为平台上的材料沿着摩擦方向向前挤压流动。