Characterization of Natural Anthocyanin Indicator Based on Cellulose Bio-Composite Film for Monitoring the Freshness of Chicken Tenderloin

Intelligent packaging with indicators that provide information about the quality of food products can inform the consumer regarding food safety and reduce food waste. A solid material for a pH-responsive indicator was developed from hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) composited with microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). MCC at 5%, 10%, 20%, and 30% w/w was introduced into the HPMC matrix and the physical, barrier, thermal, and optical properties of the HPMC/MCC bio-composite (HMB) films were analyzed. At 5, 10, and 20% MCC, improved mechanical, transparency, and barrier properties were observed, where HMB with 20% of MCC (H20MB) showed the best performance. Therefore, H20MB was selected as the biodegradable solid material for fabricating Roselle anthocyanins (RA) pH sensing indicators. The performance of the RA-H20MB indicator was evaluated by monitoring its response to ammonia vapor and tracking freshness status of chicken tenderloin. The RA-H20MB showed a clear color change with respect to ammonia exposure and quality change of chicken tenderloin; the color changed from red to magenta, purple and green, respectively. These results indicated that RA-H20MB can be used as a biodegradable pH sensing indicator to determine food quality and freshness.     

Quick and Sensitive Determination of Fluoroquinolones by Capillary Electrophoresis–Potential Gradient Detection

Abstract

A rapid, capillary electrophoresis–potential gradient detection method was developed for determining three fluoroquinolones: rufloxacin, enoxacin, and moxifloxacin. The fluoroquinolones were baseline separated within 3.5 min with background electrolyte composed of 50 mM acetic acid and 6 mM potassium hydroxide at pH 3.7. For the first time, electrokinetic injection was applied in capillary electrophoretic separation of fluoroquinolones, and an average of ca. 10-fold improvement in detection limits was observed. The method was applied to a fortified chicken tissue sample with detection limits (S/N = 3) of 22–24 ng g^?1, suggesting the potential of the method for determining fluoroquinolone residues in real samples.     

多壁碳纳米管固相萃取净化-高效液相色谱法测定猪肉和鸡肉中的磺胺多残留

建立了多壁碳纳米管为吸附剂的固相萃取净化-高效液相色谱-紫外检测测定猪肉和鸡肉中多种磺胺类药物多残留的方法。样品采用乙腈提取,多壁碳纳米管固相萃取净化,NaH₂PO₄缓冲溶液（pH 5.5~6.0）溶解上样,5%（v/v）丙酮-正己烷淋洗,丙酮-二氯甲烷（1：1,v/v）洗脱。色谱分离以50 mmol/L NaH₂PO₄-乙腈（7：3,v/v）为流动相,方法的线性范围为0.01~1.00 mg/L,线性相关系数大于0.998,检出限（LOD）为0.003 mg/L,定量限（LOQ）为0.01 mg/L。在0.02~0.2 mg/kg添加范围内,9种磺胺类药物的回收率高于70%,RSD低于8%,表明多壁碳纳米管对磺胺类药物具有较强的吸附富集能力。该方法简便、准确可用于动物组织及产品中磺胺药物残留的检测。     

耗散结构和差分变异混合的鸡群算法

针对标准鸡群算法在求解高维优化问题时过早收敛于局部最优和收敛速度慢等问题,提出了一种耗散结构和差分变异混合的鸡群算法.该算法通过将耗散结构引入至雄鸡位置的更新公式,扩大了鸡群的搜索空间,增强了算法的全局搜索能力;同时,通过对随机选择的个体进行差分变异操作,增强了算法的收敛性能.对选取的18个标准函数进行仿真实验,结果表明,算法的收敛精度、收敛速度和稳定性均明显优于其他几种算法.     

不同施肥处理对潮土胡敏酸结构特性的影响

研究了饼肥,绿肥,秸秆肥三种处理在等氮等磷条件下对胡敏酸结构特性的影响,采用元素分析,显微红外,固态13C-NMR三种分析方法进行结构解析,结果表明：不同施肥处理的胡敏酸在化学组成和结构上类似,但还有很多明显的差别。(1)饼肥处理的胡敏酸H和N含量最高,绿肥处理的胡敏酸含O量最大,秸秆肥处理的胡敏酸含C量最高 (2)红外分析显示,三种处理的胡敏酸均含有蛋白质及碳水化合物,饼肥处理的胡敏酸含氨基化合物最多,绿肥处理的胡敏酸含羟基,脂肪烃含量最大,秸秆肥处理的胡敏酸含醇,酚含量最高;(3)固态 13C-NMR数据表明饼肥处理的胡敏酸含有最多的羧基碳,绿肥处理的胡敏酸含有烷基碳,羰基碳最多。秸秆肥处理的胡敏酸烷氧基碳,芳香碳含量最大。     

毛细管柱表面鸡卵清蛋白快速改性并用于等电聚焦电泳分离蛋白质

开发了一种利用鸡卵清蛋白改性毛细管柱内表面的快速方法。改性后的毛细管柱可避免蛋白质样品的吸附作用，在较温和的条件下，柱性能有很好的稳定性，可适用于等电聚焦电泳分离生物样品的需要。     

Flaxseed Increases Animal Lifespan and Reduces Ovarian Cancer Severity by Toxically Augmenting One-Carbon Metabolism

We used an LC-MS/MS metabolomics approach to investigate one-carbon metabolism in the plasma of flaxseed-fed White Leghorn laying hens (aged 3.5 years). In our study, dietary flaxseed (via the activity of a vitamin B6 antagonist known as “1-amino d-proline”) induced at least 15-fold elevated plasma cystathionine. Surprisingly, plasma homocysteine (Hcy) was stable in flaxseed-fed hens despite such highly elevated cystathionine. To explain stable Hcy, our data suggest accelerated Hcy remethylation via BHMT and MS-B12. Also supporting accelerated Hcy remethylation, we observed elevated S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), an elevated SAM:SAH ratio, and elevated methylthioadenosine (MTA), in flaxseed-fed hens. These results suggest that flaxseed increases SAM biosynthesis and possibly increases polyamine biosynthesis. The following endpoint phenotypes were observed in hens consuming flaxseed: decreased physiological aging, increased empirical lifespan, 9–14% reduced body mass, and improved liver function. Overall, we suggest that flaxseed can protect women from ovarian tumor metastasis by decreasing omental adiposity. We also propose that flaxseed protects cancer patients from cancer-associated cachexia by enhancing liver function.     

不同浓度猪、奶牛粪水中温厌氧发酵沼液中DOM的光谱特征

养殖粪水中物质的组成变化决定其潜在的环境效应,溶解性有机质（DOM）是养殖粪水的重要组成部分。研究对总固体浓度（TS）分别为4%和8%的猪、奶牛粪水进行批次中温厌氧发酵试验,分析了猪粪和奶牛粪沼液中DOM的含量变化,并结合三维荧光光谱（3DEEM）和平行因子分析法（PARAFAC）,解析沼液DOM的荧光光谱特性及组分变化特征。结果表明,中温厌氧发酵结束后,沼液中DOM含量均极显著（p＜0.001）降低。沼液DOM主要包含类酪氨酸、类富里酸、类色氨酸和类胡敏酸4种荧光组分,其中类胡敏酸的相对含量均显著（p＜0.05）增加,但类富里酸的相对含量仅在TS为8%的处理中增加,而在TS为4%的处理中降低。沼液DOM的腐殖化指数均极显著（p＜0.01）增加,但猪粪沼液DOM的腐殖化程度明显高于奶牛粪沼液。研究结果为畜禽粪便沼液农田利用的潜在环境效应评价提供理论支撑。     

鸡肉中11种喹诺酮类药物多残留的高效液相色谱检测

建立了用荧光检测器同时测定11种喹诺酮类药物(包括诺氟沙星、培氟沙星、环丙沙星、恩诺沙星、氧氟沙星、达氟沙星、洛美沙星、二氟沙星、沙拉沙星、恶喹酸和氟甲喹)在鸡肉中的多残留的高效液相色谱检测方法。鸡肉样品用10%三氯乙酸-乙腈(体积比为7∶3)提取两次并稀释,随后用反相固相萃取柱净化。采用Hypersil BDS-C18色谱柱分离,以乙腈和水为流动相梯度洗脱,荧光检测器用程序编程检测波长检测。11种喹诺酮类药物标准曲线的线性范围为5～1200 μg/L,相关系数大于0.998。在高、中、低三个添加水平下的回收率为56%～119%,批内相对标准偏差为0.4%～16.1%,批间相对标准偏差为1.4%～23.0%。检出限和定量限分别为1～23 μg/kg和4～40 μg/kg。该方法快速、灵敏,达到了兽药残留检测的要求。     

鸡粪工厂化堆肥主要营养成分含量近红外光谱分析研究

目前,堆肥化是解决畜禽粪便污染环境和造成社会经济问题、实现其无害化和资源化利用的简便易行的重要途径。鸡粪中含有大量的氮磷钾等营养成分。文章以鸡粪和菊花渣工厂化高温堆肥发酵过程氮、磷和钾主要营养成分为研究对象,探讨利用近红外光谱法进行无损速测分析的可行性。在鸡粪工厂化堆肥不同发酵阶段进行多点取样,利用美国Nicolet公司生产的傅里叶变换型近红外光谱仪采集在10 000～4 000 cm-1范围内原始样品光谱,并结合多种光谱数据处理方法和偏最小二乘回归法建立了总氮、总磷和总钾的近红外模型并进行了验证分析。根据环境类样品近红外模型评价标准,近红外光谱法测定鸡粪堆肥过程主要营养成分含量具有较好的可行性。其中,所建总氮含量模型验证决定系数(R2)大于0.80,验证相对分析误差(RPD)大于2.0; 所建总磷和总钾模型的R2和RPD值分别大于0.90和3.0。