Magnetic permeability based diagnostic test for the determination of the canine C-reactive protein concentration in undiluted whole blood

We describe an one-step 11-min magnetic permeability based two-site immunoassay for C-reactive protein (CRP) utilizing polyclonal anti-canine CRP antibody conjugated dextran iron oxide nanoparticles (79 nm) as superparamagnetic labels and polyclonal anti-canine CRP conjugated silica microparticles (15 to 40 μm) as carriers. An inductance based magnetic permeability reader was used to detect the target analyte, CRP, in 10 μL whole blood samples, by measuring the magnetic permeability increase of the silica microparticle sediment due to immuno complex superparamagnetic nanoparticles. Measurements on standards showed a linear response between 0 and 17.5 mg/L CRP. Measurements performed on 16 whole blood samples from mixed breeds showed good correlation with a commercially available ELISA assay.     

Multiparametric magnetic immunoassays utilizing non-linear signatures of magnetic labels

A powerful route to utilizing magnetic nanoparticles as labels in magnetic immunoassays is to exploit their non-linear response when they are exposed to a multi-frequency alternating magnetic field. We have upgraded this non-linear method allowing for the detection, discrimination and quantification of particles of two kinds when mixed together, with no need for spatial resolution. Each kind of particle is characterized by a specific magnetic signature based on d²B(H)/dH². Appropriate data processing of the signature measured on a mixture of both particles allows for obtaining the amount of each particle. This will enable utilizing magnetic labels for multiparametric magnetic immunoassays.     

Highly sensitive room-temperature method of non-invasive in vivo detection of magnetic nanoparticles

Methods of non-invasive in vivo quantification of magnetic nanoparticles (MP) have been proposed and realized. The methods are based on non-linear MP magnetization at two frequencies and measuring the response at combinatorial frequencies. The first method is developed for real-time study of MP dynamics and their clearance from the blood system of animals. High sensitivity of 3 ng of Fe₃O₄ in 0.1 ml was achieved for MP detection in mice tail veins. The second technique is proposed for MP detection inside animal tissues by an external probe. The proposed methods could essentially widen capabilities of biomedical research which involves magnetic nanoparticles.     

AC susceptibility of magnetic markers in suspension for liquid phase immunoassay

AC susceptibility of magnetic markers in solution was studied for biosensor applications. First, frequency dependence of the susceptibility was measured, and size distribution of the markers was estimated by analyzing the experimental result with the so-called singular value decomposition (SVD) method. The size distribution estimated with the magnetic measurement agreed with that obtained from conventional optical measurement. Next, susceptibility measurement was applied to the liquid-phase immunoassay without bound/free (B/F) separation. We performed the detection of biotin-coated polymer beads in suspension using avidin-coated magnetic markers. Changes of the susceptibility and the size distribution caused by the binding reaction were shown.     

以变色酸2R为底物测定辣根过氧化物酶的研究

变色酸 2R(CT2R)是一种具有电化学活性的物质 ,在碱性条件下 ,该物质在滴汞电极上 - 6 6 0mV(vs.SCE)左右产生还原波 ,加入H2 O2 和辣根过氧化物酶 (HRP)后 ,该物质被氧化生成具有非电化学活性的物质 ,导致溶液中游离的CT2R浓度降低 ,相应还原波波高降低 ,HRP在一定含量范围内与伏安峰的降低值具有良好的线性关系。通过测定波高的降低值可测定HRP ,测定游离HRP的线性范围是 4 .0× 10 -5～ 4 .0× 10 -3 g/L。对酶促反应的动力学进行了研究 ,反应的米氏常数Km =1.38mmol/L ,最大反应速率Vmax=5 3.9nA/min。     

荧光偏振免疫分析技术的研究进展

对荧光偏振免疫分析技术的研究进展作了详细的评述。介绍了荧光偏振免疫分析技术的基本原理和研究热点,评述了它在临床检验、环境与食品监测和农药残留量分析等领域中的应用,对荧光偏振免疫分析方法的优缺点作了总结,引文献45篇。     

Determination of oxytocin in milk of cows administered oxytocin

To address people's concerns of exogenous oxytocin (OT) administration to lactating bovines, a study was undertaken to (a) establish an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for OT determination in milk, (b) quantify OT in milk of cows administered OT, and (c) study influence of pasteurization on OT stability in milk. A sensitive EIA validated according to the criteria of European Union—Decision 2002/657/EC was developed for OT in skim milk in an analytical range of 10-250 pg mL⁻¹ with a decision limit (CCα) of 30 pg mL⁻¹ and detection capability (CCβ) of 41.5 pg mL⁻¹. Milk samples collected from cows (n = 38) administered either 25 or 50 IU OT prior to milking were investigated for the presence of OT. There was no significant difference among both groups with the mean concentrations of OT being 15.8 and 14.9 pg mL⁻¹ for cows subjected to 25 and 50 IU OT administration, respectively. The OT levels in skim milk of control cows (n = 30; untreated) were basal (around 10 pg mL⁻¹). All the analyzed milk samples were below the CCα value of 30 pg mL⁻¹. Pasteurization of OT spiked milk samples at different temperature and sample holding conditions reduced the immunological activity of OT to 43% at 110 °C. However, no further decline occurred in the immunological activity with increased pasteurization temperature and time. It was concluded that the milk OT concentrations after OT administrations were minimal and below the assay decision limit. However, OT was quite stable to pasteurization in OT spiked milk.     

Chemiluminometric enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA)-on-a-chip biosensor based on cross-flow chromatography

A chemiluminometric biosensor system for point-of-care testing has been developed using an immuno-chromatographic assay combined with an enzyme (e.g., horseradish peroxidase) tracer that produces a light signal measurable on a simple detector. Cross-flow chromatography, a method previously investigated by our laboratory, was utilized in order to accomplish sequential antigen-antibody binding and signal generation. This enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was effectively carried out on a plastic chip that was redesigned to simplify the fabrication process. To enhance the sensitivity, biotin-streptavidin capture technology was employed in preparing an immuno-strip that was then incorporated onto the chip in order to generate the ELISA-on-a-chip (EOC) biosensor. Samples containing cardiac troponin I (cTnI) were analyzed using the EOC. A chemiluminescent signal proportional to the analyte concentration was produced by adding a luminogenic substrate to the tracer enzyme complexed with the analyte on the chip. The luminescent signal was detected in a dark chamber mounted with a cooled charge-coupled device and the signal was converted to optical density for quantification. This EOC biosensor system was capable of detecting cTnI present in serum at concentrations as low as 0.027 ng mL⁻¹, 30 times lower than those measured using the conventional rapid test kit with colloidal gold as the tracer. In addition, the final data was acquired within 30 s after the addition of the enzyme substrate, which was faster than the detection time required when using a colorimetric substrate with the same tracer enzyme.     

Quantitative analysis of human serum leptin using a nanoarray protein chip based on single-molecule sandwich immunoassay

We report a method for the quantitative analysis of human serum leptin, which is a protein hormone associated with obesity, using a nanoarray protein chip based on a single-molecule sandwich immunoassay. The nanoarray patterning of a biotin-probe with a spot diameter of 150 nm on a self-assembled monolayer functionalized by MPTMS on a glass substrate was successfully accomplished using atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based dip-pen nanolithography (DPN). Unlabeled leptin protein molecules in human serum were detected based on the sandwich fluorescence immunoassay by total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM). The linear regression equation for leptin in the range of 100 zM-400 aM was determined to be y = 456.35x + 80,382 (R = 0.9901). The accuracy and sensitivity of the chip assay were clinically validated by comparing the leptin level in adult serum obtained by this method with those measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) performed with the same leptin standards and serum samples. In contrast to conventional ELISA techniques, the proposed chip methodology exhibited the advantages of ultra-sensitivity, a smaller sample volume and faster analysis time.     

Organic-inorganic matrix for electrochemical immunoassay: Detection of human IgG based on ZnO/chitosan composite

A new strategy to construct amperometric immunosensor for human IgG assay based on ZnO/chitosan composite as sensing platform has been described. This material, which combined the advantages of inorganic species, ZnO and organic polymer, chitosan, can maintain biological activity well. A sequential sandwich immunoassay format was performed on the ZnO/chitosan composite supported by glass carbon electrode (GCE) using goat-anti-human IgG antibody (IgG Ab) and human IgG as a model system. Amperometry was used to determine the amount of horse-radish peroxidase (HRP) fixed on the sensor surface, which was related to the content of the desired human IgG. Assay conditions that were optimized included the amount of labeled antibody, the incubation time and temperature, the pH of the substrate solution, etc. Using hydroquinone as a mediator, amperometric detection at −150 mV (versus SCE) resulted in a detection range 2.5-500 ng mL⁻¹, with a detection limit of 1.2 ng mL⁻¹. The simple manipulations of the construction of ZnO/chitosan composite, as well as low-cost and broad linear range, are the main features of the proposed immunosensing method.