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151.
D. O. Soares-Pinto I. S. Oliveira M. S. Reis 《The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex Systems》2008,62(3):337-340
In this work we report Monte Carlo simulations of a 2D
Ising model, in which the statistics of the Metropolis algorithm
is replaced by the nonextensive one. We compute the magnetization
and show that phase transitions are present for q ≠ 1. A
q - phase diagram (critical temperature vs. the entropic
parameter q) is built and exhibits some interesting features,
such as phases which are governed by the value of the entropic
index q. It is shown that such phases favors some energy levels
of magnetization states. It is also shown that the contribution
of the Tsallis cutoff is capital to the existence of phase
transitions. 相似文献
152.
Jeremy Bernstein 《Physics in Perspective (PIP)》2008,10(3):269-286
I present a biographical profile of John S. Bell based upon extensive interviews I had with him. I present Bell‘s views on
the quantum theory along with a simple explanation of his identity.
Jeremy Bernstein is Professor Emeritus of Physics at the Stevens Institute of Technology
and a former staff writer for The New Yorker. 相似文献
153.
154.
D. Nakamura K. Tamaru T. Akiyama A. Takahashi T. Okada 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》2008,92(4):767-772
The dynamics of debris from the laser-produced tin (Sn) plasma was investigated for an extreme ultraviolet light source in
order to establish the guideline for the optimum design of a mitigation system, such as a mass-limited target. The dissemination
of the Sn atoms from the different shapes of a wire and a mass-limited droplet target were investigated using the laser-induced
fluorescence (LIF) imaging method. The Sn droplet targets with a diameter in the range of 5 to 17 μm were prepared by a new
droplet generating technique using a pulsed laser. There was a large difference in the angular distribution of Sn atoms in
the plane parallel and perpendicular to the wire axis, indicating the curvature of the target surface governed the angular
distribution of the ablated species. The spatial distributions of Sn atoms from the droplet targets were similar to those
from the curved surface of the wire targets. The ablation dynamics of the droplet observed by a high-speed imaging camera
is also discussed. 相似文献
155.
K. Morawetz C. Olbrich S. Gemming 《The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex Systems》2008,62(3):311-317
The coverage of vicinal, stepped surfaces with molecules is simulated with
the help of a two-dimensional Ising model including local distortions and
an Ehrlich-Schwoebel barrier term at the steps. An effective two-spin model is capable
to describe the main properties of this distorted Ising model. It is employed
to analyze the behavior of the system close to the critical points.
Within a well-defined regime of bonding strengths and Ehrlich-Schwoebel barriers we
find a reduction of coverage (magnetization) at low temperatures due to the
presence of the surface step. This results in a second, low-temperature
transition besides the standard Ising order-disorder transition.
The additional transition is characterized by a divergence of the
susceptibility as a finite-size effect. Due to the
surface step the mean-field specific heat diverges with a power law. 相似文献
156.
The conceptual design for a high-sensitivity bunch charge monitor is presented. The device operates with short, spaced bunches.
For optimal performance, the bunch duration should be less than 10 ns and bunch spacing should be more than 100 ns. Sensitivity
of the monitor is close to 10 V per nanocoulomb. The equivalent scheme and the output signal shape are also presented. Such
a monitor seems to be promising for the bunch charge measurements of beams like those in TESLA or ILC projects.
The text was submitted by the authors in English. 相似文献
157.
Y. Liu H. Shi J. Ma D. Gan J. Cui C. Du X. Luo 《Applied physics. B, Lasers and optics》2008,92(4):623-626
The authors theoretically demonstrate the terahertz beam shaping with metallic subwavelength holes array surrounded by concentric
periodic grooves. High transmission and directional radiation can be obtained simultaneously for the resonant excitation of
the surface wave in the combined structure. Finite-difference time-domain simulation results shows that the transmission mainly
depends on the lattice constant of hole array and the features of incident surface around it, while the far-field angle distribution
is dominated by the details of the output surface. This compact beam shaping structure is hoped to serve as a basic device
for future terahertz systems. 相似文献
158.
S. M.M. Ramos A. Benyagoub B. Canut P. De Dieuleveult G. Messin 《The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex Systems》2008,62(4):405-410
The present study deals with the creation of nano-rough surfaces with stable and controlled high hydrophobicity. These surfaces
were obtained by combining the ion track etching technique with a simple functionalization by grafting perfluoroctyltrichlorosilane
(PFOTS) molecules. Surface morphology was investigated by AFM observations which evidenced a self-affine fractal structure
with a fractal dimension Df ~ 2.6. The study of the wetting properties of these surfaces allowed to elucidate the conditions for observing a high hydrophobicity
phenomenon and to predict the contact angle values for surfaces designed at a nanometric scale. 相似文献
159.
The existing experimental data on the d(n, p)nn and d(p, n)pp cross-sections in the forward direction are reviewed in terms of the Dean sum rule. It is shown that the measurement of the
ratio of the charge exchange on the deuteron to that on the proton might, if taken together with other experimental data,
allow a direct construction of the np → np scattering amplitude in the backward direction with few ambiguities.
Communicated by T. Hennino 相似文献