CO2的化学固定及碳酸亚烃酯的合成研究

报道了氯铝酞菁(PcAlCl)与n-BuPh3PBr, n-Bu4NBr, MePh3PI和n-Bu4NI等卤代季铵盐或季盐二元催化剂对CO2与环氧丙烷制备碳酸亚烃酯的环加成反应有明显的协同催化作用, 并初步探讨了其反应机理. 在100 ℃下, PcAlCl/n-BuPh3PBr的催化活性达360 mol/(mol*h), 选择性达99%; 而在同样条件下PcAlCl和n-BuPh3PBr单独对该反应的催化活性只有57 mol/(mol*h)和90 mol/(mol*h). 实验结果表明, PcAlCl与n-BuPh3PBr之间可能形成了1∶1型配合物, 导致催化活性显著增强.     

碳式碳酸钴分解产物的微量粉末X射线衍射分析

研究了碱式碳酸钴的氮气中的热分解反应,测定了其热重分析曲线,并用微量粉末X射线衍射法（样品重量约6mg)对其热分解的固体残留物进行了表征。实验结果表明：在339－394℃温度范围内生成尺寸16－18nm的Co3O4与CoO纳米晶混合物,在700℃的最终产物为尖晶石型Co2O4.计算的晶胸参数为：α=0.8084nm,V=0.5283nm^3,Z=8,Dcalc=6.073g/cm^3,与常规X射线衍射分析的结果相一致。     

工业碳酸钙主含量测定方法的比较与分析

通过实验对工业碳酸钙主含量测定的两种标准方法进行了比较和分析 .结果表明 ,这两种方法的测定结果之间存在显著的系统误差 ,而且同一样品的质量等级 ,两种方法的结果可能相互矛盾     

One-pot Synthesis of Dimethyl Carbonate in the Presence of a Two-component Catalyst

The one-pot synthesis of dimethyl carbonate（DMC） with co-production of propy-lene carbonate（PC） and propylene glycol（PG） from propylene oxide（ PO）, carbon dioxide and methanol as the starting materials was investigated. The catalyst adopted here was a mixture of tetrabutyl ammonium bromide and sodium methoxide. It was found that un- der the reaction conditions of t = 150 ℃, p =3-4 MPa and 2 h, the PO conversion could reach 100%, the DMC, PC and the PG selectivities were 49. 7%, 42. 7% and 49. 8%, respectively, and the selectivity of by-products was below 10%.     

二丁基氧化锡催化碳酸二甲酯与苯酚酯交换反应机理研究

研究了二丁基氧化锡催化碳酸二甲酯与苯酚酯交换合成碳酸二苯酯的反应机理, 发现原料苯酚和产物DPC都能与二丁基氧化锡生成同一种中间体, 并测定了其晶体结构. 该晶体属于单斜晶系, P2₁/n空间群; 晶胞参数: a＝1.3336(2) nm, b＝1.7208(2) nm, c＝1.3759(3) nm, β＝101.00(2)°; V＝3.0993(9) nm³; D_c＝1.432 g/cm³; Z＝4; F(000)＝1352; μ＝1.635 mm^－1. 分析结果显示该中间体是一种新型的二聚四烃基二锡氧烷化合物[Bu₂Sn(OPh)OSnBu₂O(Ph)]₂ (I), 该化合物具有中心对称的层状结构. MS和XPS结果证实I在酯交换反应条件下能稳定存在. 基于实验结果, 本文提出了一个合理的酯交换反应机理.     

明胶基质作用下碳酸钙的仿生合成

依据生物矿化的基本原理, 以明胶为基质, 在动态条件下, 仿生合成碳酸钙/明胶复合材料. 扫描电子显微镜和能量分散X射线(SEM-EDAX)分析表明, 明胶基质中形成的碳酸钙完全不同于纯水中形成的碳酸钙, 具有独特的微观结构形态和取向. 明胶浓度不同, 晶体的形态、取向以及主要元素Ca, O和N的含量相差较大.     

Composites of polyester + glass fiber residues vs. composites with mineral fillers

Polymer composites, such as those composed of a polyester, glass fibers (GFs), and mineral fillers (e.g. CaCO₃), pose a threat to the environment because of the growing amount of residues and due to difficulties in their recycling. Therefore, we have studied effects of incorporation of (polyester?+?GFs) waste material as a filler into virgin composites. Two types of polyester?+?glass fiber composites were developed using hot compression molding, one of them with recycled (polyester?+?glass fiber) material obtained via knife or ball milling; the other, a control group, contained CaCO₃, a traditional filler in this field. Dynamic friction and wear rate were determined using a pin-on-disk tribometer and a stylus profilometer, respectively. As expected, the presence of the residues significantly decreases dynamic friction and wear rate when compared to CaCO₃, since the main constituent of the residues is a polymeric material. Thus, polyester?+?glass fiber composite residues are a candidate for a partial substitution of CaCO₃. This should lower the environmental contamination caused by discarding the residues as well as provide composites with lower wear rates.     

Orthogonally functionalizable copolymers based on a novel reactive carbonate monomer

A novel N‐hydroxy succinimide‐based carbonate monomer that allows direct synthesis of polymers incorporating a reactive carbonate group in the side chain was synthesized. This new monomer was copolymerized with methyl methacrylate and poly(ethylene glycol) methylether methacrylate using free‐radical polymerization to obtain organo‐ and water‐soluble reactive copolymers. Copolymerization of the activated carbonate monomer with an azide‐containing monomer and N‐hydroxy succinimide‐containing activated ester monomer provided orthogonally functionalizable copolymers. The pendant reactive carbonate groups of the copolymers were functionalized with amines to obtain carbamates. Polymers capable of orthogonal functionalization could be selectively functionalized as desired using subsequent 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition or amidation reactions. The novel monomer and the copolymers were characterized by ¹H‐NMR, ¹³C‐NMR, and infrared spectroscopy. The efficient stepwise orthogonal functionalization of the copolymers were examined via ¹H‐NMR spectroscopy. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2010     

Green synthesis of caffeine based on methylating reagent dimethyl carbonate and environmental friendly separating method

In this paper, a green process for the synthesis and separation of caffeine was reported. Theophylline sodium is used as the raw material, diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene as the catalyst, and Turkey red oil as the solvent, particularly, dimethyl carbonate was adopted in place of high toxic dimethyl sulfate to form a mixture of caffeine and by-product sodium bicarbonate. After converting sodium bicarbonate to sodium carbonate, the solubility difference between caffeine and sodium carbonate at 40°C was for the first time utilized to achieve the purpose of separating caffeine with an excellent yield of 98.4% and a purity of greater than 99.0%. Furthermore, both the reaction mother liquor and separation mother liquor can be recycled and reused during the reaction and separation processes, respectively, with little caffeine loss. No industrial waste was discharged in the process of the improved synthesis and separation, which is therefore environmental friendly.