Hydrothermal Synthesis of Siderite and Application as Catalyst in the Electro-Fenton Oxidation of p-Benzoquinone

A weak aspect of the electro-Fenton (EF) oxidation of contaminants is the dependence of the Fenton reaction on acidic pH values. Therefore, the rationale of this work was to develop a novel catalyst capable of promoting the EF oxidation process at near-neutral and basic pH values. In this framework, rhombohedral FeCO₃ was synthesized hydrothermally and used as a catalyst in the EF oxidation of p-benzoquinone (BQ). The catalyst was characterized using various surface and spectroscopic methods. Moreover, the effects of applied current (100–500 mA), time (1–9 h), catalyst dosage (0.25–1.00 g L⁻¹), and initial concentration of BQ (0.50–1.00 mM) on the total organic carbon removal efficiency were determined. The results indicated that a 400 mA current was sufficient for a 95% total organic carbon removal and that the increase in catalyst dosage had a positive effect on the mineralization of BQ. It was determined that at pH 3, FeCO₃ behaved like a homogeneous catalyst by releasing Fe³⁺ ions; whereas, at the pH range of 5–7, it shifted to a homogeneous/heterogeneous catalyst. At pH 9, it worked solely as a heterogeneous catalyst due to the decrease of Fe ions passing into the solution. Finally, the spent catalyst did not undergo structural deformations after the EF treatment at higher pH values and could be regenerated and used several times     

New Type of Nanocomposite CsH2PO4-UiO-66 Electrolyte with High Proton Conductivity

New (1−x)CsH₂PO₄–xUiO-66 electrolytes with high proton conductivity and thermal stability at 230–250 °C were developed. The phase composition and proton conductivity of nanocomposites (x = 0–0.15) were investigated in detail. As shown, the UiO-66 matrix is thermally and chemically suitable for creating composites based on CsH₂PO₄. The CsH₂PO₄ crystal structure remains, but the degree of salt crystallinity changes in nanocomposites. As a result of interface interaction, dispersion, and partial salt amorphization, the proton conductivity of the composite increases by two orders of magnitude in the low-temperature range (up to 200 °C), depending on the UiO-66 fraction, and goes through a maximum. At higher temperatures, up to 250 °C, the conductivity of nanocomposites is close to the superprotonic values of the original salt at low UiO-66 values; then, it decreases linearly within one order of magnitude and drops sharply at x > 0.07. The stability of CsH₂PO₄-UiO-66 composites with high proton conductivity was shown. This creates prospects for their use as proton membranes in electrochemical devices.     

半导体泵浦铯蒸气实现激光输出

采用线宽0.26 nm的Littrow外腔巴条半导体激光器泵浦增益长度8 mm缓冲气体为80 kPa甲烷的铯（Cs）蒸气室,在Cs蒸气室温度120 ℃时,我们获得了394 mW的894.6 nm线偏振Cs蒸气激光,光光效率7.4%,斜率效率11.2%,阈值功率为1.72 W。     

二氧化碳与环氧化合物合成环状碳酸酯的研究进展

二氧化碳作为温室气体和储量大、无毒且可循环利用的碳资源,其化学利用受到了人们的广泛关注. 二氧化碳与环氧化合物通过环加成反应制备环状碳酸酯是二氧化碳化学法利用最为有效的途径之一. 本文综述了近年来该反应的研究进展,讨论了催化剂作用下的反应机理.     

不同晶形纳米碳酸钙的制备及其表面改性研究进展

本文综述了不同晶形纳米碳酸钙的制备方法、纳米碳酸钙表面改性技术的研究现状以及表面改性方法,分析了目前纳米碳酸钙制备及表面改性技术存在的问题,并对其发展前景作了展望.     

大豆脲酶诱导碳酸钙沉淀的多因素影响分析

本文探究了多个影响因素对大豆脲酶诱导碳酸钙沉淀(SICP)的影响,以优选出主要影响因素并提供其最佳范围.首先分析了脲酶浓度和温度对脲酶活性的影响;之后通过正交实验设计,进行25种工况的SICP水溶液实验,研究不同因素组合下Ca2+利用率的变化规律;最后借助扫描电子显微镜观测不同工况下生成碳酸钙的形态.结果表明:低温有利...     

碳酸钙在天然木浆-聚酯纤维复合膜上的仿生合成

采用慢气体扩散法, 以十八烯酸为软模板, 在天然木浆-聚酯纤维复合膜(Jetspun Cloth^TM膜)上仿生矿化原位合成碳酸钙. 衰减全反射傅里叶变换红外光谱表征和扫描电镜结果表明, 溶液中的部分十八烯酸会富集到Jetspun Cloth^TM膜上, 同时, 由于十八烯酸的羧酸根对钙离子的结合作用, 钙离子也被富集到Jetspun Cloth^TM膜上. 碳酸钙在Jetspun Cloth^TM膜的纤维上生长, 并最终形成碳酸钙薄膜-高分子纤维膜复合结构.     

钴(Ⅱ)盐鉴别可溶性碳酸盐溶液实验的设计与研究*

为拓展钴(Ⅱ)盐的用途,利用钴(Ⅱ)盐在碱液中的多样性和可溶性碳酸盐溶液组分含量的差异性,采用分别向2种无色可溶性碳酸盐溶液中滴加钴盐溶液的措施,建立了钴(Ⅱ)盐鉴别碳酸钠溶液和碳酸氢钠溶液的有效方法。实验结果表明,反应后碳酸钠溶液呈清晰的蓝色浑浊或沉淀,而碳酸氢钠溶液则呈清晰的紫红色浑浊或沉淀。该方法现象明显、安全可靠、重现性好、成功率高、适用性强、应用面广,可应用于食品、药品检测,食品质量与安全,医药健康,化学化工等技术领域,也可用作课堂演示实验。     

The green synthesis of exceptional braided,helical carbon nanotubes and nanospiral platelets made directly from CO2

Helical carbon nanotubes currently cost ~15,000–19,000 USD/kg commercially and are ~10–15 times the price of straight carbon nanotubes of similar dimensions. They have not previously been made from the greenhouse gas CO₂ nor had new variants of the helical morphology been demonstrated. In this study, a novel, inexpensive electrosynthesis of these helical nanocarbon materials from CO₂ is presented. This material may be produced by molten carbon growth conditions that (1) maximize torsional stresses, such as those that may occur during rapid, nucleated carbon reduction, (2) enhance defects that cause formation of heptagonal, rather than the conventional hexagonal building blocks of graphene cylindrical walls, and (3) uniformly control those enhanced defects to repeatedly induce a uniform spiral conformation. These conditions are achieved with at least two of the following experimental conditions: (i) high electrolysis current density, (ii) sp³ defect-inducing agents, such as added oxide, and (iii) controlled concentration of iron added to the electrolyte or cathode. Here, it is shown with SEM, TEM, EDX, XRF, and Raman spectroscopy that a molten controlled electrolyte carbonate synthesis to induce defect formation, and a high rate of electrolysis (0.6 A/cm²) leads to a high yield of helical nanotubes, helical nanofibers, or helical nanoplatelet carbon morphologies.     

Tubular Structures of Calcium Carbonate: Formation,Characterization, and Implications in Natural Mineral Environments

Chemical gardens are self-assembled tubular precipitates formed by a combination of osmosis, buoyancy, and chemical reaction, and thought to be capable of catalyzing prebiotic condensation reactions. In many cases, the tube wall is a bilayer structure with the properties of a diaphragm and/or a membrane. The interest in silica gardens as microreactors for materials science has increased over the past decade because of their ability to create long-lasting electrochemical potential. In this study, we have grown single macroscopic tubes based on calcium carbonate and monitored their time-dependent behavior by in situ measurements of pH, ionic concentrations inside and outside the tubular membranes, and electrochemical potential differences. Furthermore, we have characterized the composition and structure of the tubular membranes by using ex situ X-ray diffraction, infrared and Raman spectroscopy, as well as scanning electron microscopy. Based on the collected data, we propose a physicochemical mechanism for the formation and ripening of these peculiar CaCO₃ structures and compare the results to those of other chemical garden systems. We find that the wall of the macroscopic calcium carbonate tubes is a bilayer of texturally distinct but compositionally similar calcite showing high crystallinity. The resulting high density of the material prevents macroscopic calcium carbonate gardens from developing significant electrochemical potential differences. In the light of these observations, possible implications in materials science and prebiotic (geo)chemistry are discussed.