Near-infrared spectroscopy extended with indocyanine green dye dilution for cerebral blood flow measurement: Median values in healthy volunteers

The cerebral blood flow (CBF) is an important vital parameter in neurointensive care. Currently, there is no non-invasive method for its measurement that can easily be applied at the bedside. A new tool to determine CBF is based on near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) applied together with indocyanine green (ICG) dye dilution. From a bilateral measurement on selected regions on the head of infrared (IR) absorption at various wavelengths during the dilution maneuver, the vascular perfusion characteristics of the two brain hemispheres can be determined in terms of mean transit time (mtt) of ICG, cerebral blood volume (CBV) and CBF. So far, on nine healthy volunteers, NIRS ICG dye dilution bihemispheric measurements were performed, which yielded to mtt given as median (range) of 9.3 s (5.1–16.3 s), CBV of 3.5 ml/100 g (1.7–4.1 ml/100 g), and CBF of 18.2 ml/(100 g×min) [11.1–48.6 ml/(100 g×min)]. Additionally, the blood flow index (BFI) was calculated with BFI= 13.8 mg/(100 g×s) [6.6–15.2 mg/(100 g×s)]. The Spearman rank correlation coefficient between CBF and BFI was R_S = 0.76. However, as the Bland & Altman plot between CBFNIRS and the CBF_BFI documents, the limits of agreement are rather wide (21.9±6.7). Under physiological conditions in healthy volunteers, no differences could be detected between the hemispheres.     

玻璃化冻存对胚胎神经细胞活性及脊髓移植的影响

采用玻璃化冻存技术对大鼠胚胎神经细胞进行深低温保存,在冻存１ｄ、１０ｄ、２０ｄ和４０ｄ后,３８℃水浴快速复温,离心洗脱冷冻保护剂,检测胚胎神经细胞的活性与功能,并移植于脊髓损伤大鼠．实验结果表明：玻璃化冻存４０ｄ的胚胎神经细胞,存活率为７６．４±８．３％,膜完整性为冻存前的６９．４±７．８％．细胞活力虽有下降,但仍可维持较高水平．培养１周的部分神经元建立突触联系,移植于脊髓损伤大鼠仍有一定的修复作用     

Enzymolysis kinetics,thermodynamics and model of porcine cerebral protein with single-frequency countercurrent and pulsed ultrasound-assisted processing

The present work investigated the enzymolysis kinetics, thermodynamics and model of porcine cerebral protein (PCP) which was pretreated by single-frequency countercurrent and pulsed ultrasound. The kinetic constants for ultrasonic pretreated and traditional enzymolysis have been determined. Results showed that the value of K_M in ultrasonic PCP (UPCP) enzymolysis decreased by 9% over that in the traditional enzymolysis. The values of reaction rate constant (k) for UPCP enzymolysis increased by 207%, 121%, 62%, and 45% at 293, 303, 313 and 323 K, respectively. For the thermodynamic parameters, ultrasound decreased activation energy (E_a), change in enthalpy (ΔH) and entropy (ΔS) by 76%, 82% and 31% in PCP, respectively. However, ultrasound had little change in Gibbs free energy (ΔG) value in the temperature range of 293–323 K. Therefore, a general kinetic equation for the enzymolysis model of UPCP by a simple empirical equation was suggested. The experimental values fits with the enzymolysis kinetic model with a low average relative error (4%) confirmed that the kinetic model was accurate to reflect the enzymolysis process. The positive effect of single-frequency countercurrent and pulsed ultrasound in this study and application of the kinetic model may be useful for the release of bioactive peptides from meat processing by-products.     

心肌梗塞和心绞痛患者血微量元素谱与临床体征的研究

用ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ分析了心肌梗塞和心绞患者血液中１９种微量元素：因子分析处理数据，确定判别因子；用第一第二主因子图解，心肌梗梗和心绞痛的样品点聚集在两个不同区域，分辨率达到８０．５％－９４．４％，微量元素与临床体征结合，分辨率提高到８６．１％－１００％。     

二维超声斑点追踪成像评估老年急性心肌梗死患者左室心功能的价值

急性心肌梗死是临床上常见的急危重症,可造成心功能障碍。为研究二维超声斑点追踪成像对评估老年急性心肌梗死患者左室心功能的应用价值,选取2017年10月~2019年10月于我院就诊的老年急性心肌梗死患者100例作为研究对象,分为前壁心肌梗死组和下壁心肌梗死组,两组患者均给予常规超声和二维超声斑点追踪成像检查,对比检查结果和患者左室心功能。结果显示,相较于下壁心梗组患者,前壁心梗组患者左室舒张末期内径(LVDD)和左室收缩末期内径(LVDS)值明显升高,左心室射血分数(LVEF)值明显降低;基底部、乳头肌水平和心尖部的前间隔和前壁的圆周应变峰值明显减小;基底部和心尖部侧壁的圆周应变峰值明显升高;基底部和乳头肌水平的后壁、下壁的圆周应变峰值明显升高;乳头肌水平和心尖部的后间隔圆周应变峰值明显减小。因此,二维超声斑点追踪成像技术对老年急性心肌梗死患者左室功能评估无创、精准,具有重要临床价值。     

Effects of immobilization on a FRET immunosensor for the detection of myocardial infarction

A novel optical biosensor technique is being developed for the early detection of myocardial infarction by utilizing the distance-dependent chemical transduction method of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). The FRET process requires two fluorophores termed the donor and the acceptor. When in close proximity, the donor absorbs energy from the excitation source and non-radiatively transfers the energy to the acceptor, which in turn emits fluorescent energy. This distance-dependent property was utilized to detect conformational changes when antibodies combine with their respective antigens. The fluorophores were conjugated to an antibody–Protein A complex and then immobilized via silanization to the distal ends of optical fibers. Three different antibody–Protein A complexes were immobilized: generic IgG, cardiac Troponin T (cTnT), and cardiac Troponin I (cTnI). Results showed that upon the addition of the specific antigens, the antibodies underwent a conformational change, reducing the distance between the FRET fluorophores. The generic IgG responded to 233 nM antigens, whereas the cTnT biosensor had a limit of detection of 75 nM, and the cTnI biosensors had a limit of detection of 94 nM.     

Preservation of Contractile Reserve and Diastolic Function by Inhibiting the NLRP3 Inflammasome with OLT1177® (Dapansutrile) in a Mouse Model of Severe Ischemic Cardiomyopathy Due to Non-Reperfused Anterior Wall Myocardial Infarction

Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), a product of the NLRP3 inflammasome, modulates cardiac contractility and diastolic function. We proposed that OLT1177^® (dapansutrile), a novel NLRP3 inhibitor, could preserve contractile reserve and diastolic function after myocardial infarction (MI). We used an experimental murine model of severe ischemic cardiomyopathy through the ligation of the left coronary artery without reperfusion, and after 7 days randomly assigned mice showing large anterior MI (>4 akinetic segments), increased left ventricular (LV) dimensions ([LVEDD] > 4.4 mm), and reduced function (LV ejection fraction < 40%) to a diet that was enriched with OLT1177^® admixed with the chow in the diet at 3.75 g/kg (Group 1 [n = 10]) or 7.5 g/kg (Group 2 [n = 9]), or a standard diet as the no-treatment control group (Group 3 [n = 10]) for 9 weeks. We measured the cardiac function and contractile reserve with an isoproterenol challenge, and the diastolic function with cardiac catheterization at 10 weeks following the MI surgery. When compared with the control (Group 3), the mice treated with OLT1177 (Group 1 and 2) showed significantly greater preservation of their contractile reserve (the percent increase in the left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF] after the isoproterenol challenge was +33 ± 11% and +40 ± 6% vs. +9 ± 7% in the standard diet; p < 0.05 and p < 0.005 for Group 1 and 2, respectively) and of diastolic function measured as the lower left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (3.2 ± 0.5 mmHg or 4.5 ± 0.5 mmHg vs. 10.0 ± 1.6 mmHg; p < 0.005 and p < 0.009 respectively). No differences were noted between the resting LVEF of the MI groups. These effects were independent of the effects on the ventricular remodeling after MI. NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition with OLT1177^® can preserve β-adrenergic responsiveness and prevent left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in a large non-reperfused anterior MI mouse model. OLT1177^® could therefore be used to prevent the development of heart failure in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy.     

MSKUS检查对于脑梗后肩周软组织损伤的诊治价值

本文探讨肌骨超声(MSKUS)在诊断脑梗死后并发肩周软组织损伤及指导临床治疗中的价值。选取165例脑梗死后偏瘫并发肩周软组织损伤患者进行临床随机研究,超声指导组83例、常规组82例。经MSKUS检测分析,其中肱二头肌腱病变74例(44.85%)、肩袖病变117例(70.91%)、SA-SD病变48例(29.09%)、肩锁关节病变28例(16.97%);超声指导组在康复治疗2周、康复治疗8周时的VAS评分均显著低于常规组的(P<0.05);超声指导组在康复治疗2周、康复治疗8周时的肩关节前屈活动度、肩关节外展功能活动度均显著大于常规组的(P<0.05);超声指导组在康复治疗8周时的肩关节功能评分均显著大于常规组的(P<0.05)。MSKUS在诊断脑梗死后并发肩周软组织损伤及指导临床治疗中具有重要的价值。     

多普勒超声联合血清FE3、ACTA预测孕妇羊水过少并胎儿窘迫

选取224例羊水过少孕妇作为观察组,60例羊水正常孕妇作为对照组,探讨多普勒超声测定肾动脉(RA)、大脑中动脉(MCA)、脐动脉(UA)阻力指数,以及血清游离雌三醇(FE3)、激活素A(ACTA)水平,对孕妇羊水过少并胎儿窘迫预测价值及临床意义。结果显示,观察组RA和UA阻力指数、血清ACTA水平高于对照组,羊水量、MCA阻力指数及血清FE3水平低于对照组(P<0.05);羊水过少孕妇RA和UA阻力指数、血清ACTA水平与羊水量呈负相关,MCA阻力指数、血清FE3水平与羊水量呈正相关;上述指标联合预测胎儿窘迫的AUC最大,为0.918(P<0.05)。说明多普勒超声测定RA、MCA、UA阻力指数结合血清FE3、ACTA水平检测对羊水过少孕妇并胎儿窘迫有较高预测价值。     

颅内压与脑循环动力学参数模型研究

在对颅内血管床整体分析的基础上，应用血液动力学理论建立了一个描述颅内血液与脑脊液血液动力学特性的集中参数模型．在此模型的基础上得到了状态方程并给出了求解方法．通过对方程解的进一步分析得到颅内压与颈动脉血流量的关系，为临床无创检测颅内压提供了一个辅助手段．理论计算结果与实验数据比较发现，颅内压与颈动脉流量脉动间的关系与实验是相吻合的．