难降解有机废水的催化氧化法处理

催化氧化法可通过多种途径来加强传统的化学法处理效果，目前已成为难降解有机废水处理的一项重要新技术。本文介绍了光催化氧化法、均相氧化法、多相氧化法(包括电催化氧化法)以及超临界水氧化技术的国内外研究现状及特点，并对其在有机废水中的应用情况和发展前景作了扼要评述。     

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Pd（ptac—C,N）（acac—O,O）

1INTRODUCTIONTherehasbeenconsiderableattentionfocusedonthestudyofpalladiumcomplexinorganicsynthesis,catalyticprocesses,chemicalreactivity,spectroscopyandstructuralanalysisandfunctionalmaterials[1].Manypalladacycleshavebeenappliedinthepreparationofliquid-crystallinecomplexes[2],andsomeofthemshowantitumoractivity.Theincreasingimportanceofsuchcyclo-organometalliccomplexleadsustoinvestigatethecyclicPdcomplexeswithenhancedchemicalandthermalstability,fromwhichdetailedspectroscopicandstructuralc…     

钴铜铝水滑石类化合物的合成及其催化氧化对甲酚：Ⅱ.对甲酚的催化氧 …

考察了前文制得的水滑石及其焙烧产物在对甲酚氧化反应中的催化性能，发现经水滑石焙烧得到的具有尖晶石结构复合氧化物比没有焙烧的具有水滑石结构的以及由经物机械混合的样品具有更高的活性。     

The Preparation and Characterization of Highly Dispersed PdO over Alumina for Low‐temperature Combustion of Methane

PdO/Al₂O₃ catalysts prepared by glow discharge plasma treatment followed by thermal calcination show a much higher dispersion and a better catalytic activity for methane combustion at relatively low temperatures. The dispersion of palladium active species by such plasma prepared catalysts is 29.7%, 5.4 times higher than that of conventional catalysts. XPS analysis indicates that a surface enrichment of Pd active species (PdO) has been achieved after plasma treatment. The surface atomic composition of PdO of plasma prepared catalysts reaches 10.5%. XRD characterization also confirms a wellcrystallized PdO phase present on the plasma prepared catalyst. The lightoff temperature of the plasma prepared catalyst is 370°C, 50°C lower than that obtained from the conventional catalyst.     

A free energy calculation study of the effect of H-->F substitution on binding affinity in ligand-antibody interactions

Changes in binding affinity to catalytic antibody 6D9 of chloramphenicol phosphonate derivatives (CPDs) containing H or F were investigated by performing free energy calculations based on molecular dynamics simulations. We calculated the binding free energy, enthalpy, and entropy changes (DeltaDeltaG, DeltaDeltaH, and -TDeltaDeltaS) attributable to H-->F substitution by comparing results for CPDs containing a trifluoroacetylamino group (CPD-F) or an acetylamino group (CPD-H). The calculated DeltaDeltaG, DeltaDeltaH, and -TDeltaDeltaS values were -2.9, -6.3, and 3.5 kcal mol(-1) and close to experimental values observed for a series of similar ligands, chloramphenicol phosphonates with F and H (-1.4, -3.5, and 2.1 kcal mol(-1)). Therefore, CPD-F binds more strongly to 6D9 than does CPD-H. To clarify the origin of the large difference in DeltaDeltaG, we apportioned the calculated values of DeltaDeltaG and DeltaG for the associated and dissociated states into contributions from various atomic interactions. We found that the H-->F substitution increased the binding affinity mainly by decreasing the hydration free energy and not by increasing favorable interactions with the antibody. The decreased hydration free energy of the ligand was mainly due to unfavorable coulombic interactions between the trifluoroacetylamino group and solvent waters, which increased the free energy of the dissociated state (by about 3.7 kcal mol(-1)). Also, the trifluoroacetylamino group slightly increased the free energy level of the associated state (about 0.8 kcal mol(-1)) because favorable van der Waals interactions compensated for unfavorable coulombic interactions with antibody atoms. In addition, the enthalpy and entropy changes, DeltaDeltaH and -TDeltaDeltaS (computationally -6.3 and 3.5 kcal mol(-1)), originated mainly from a decrease in hydration free energy in the dissociated state. The CPD-F and CPD-H ligands had substantially different structures in the dissociated and complexed states.     

Degradation of polystyrene using montmorillonite clay catalysts

Summary The performance of acid-treated montmorillonite catalysts in the degradation of polystyrene (PS) was investigated in this study. The degradation was carried out in a semi-batch reactor with a mixture of PS and catalyst at 400-450^oC. The commercial Süd Chemie acid-treated montmorillonite clays (K-series) showed good catalytic activity for the degradation of PS. The styrene monomer and ethylbenzene were major liquid products. The increase of surface acidity enhanced further cracking of styrene dimer and trimer to produce styrene monomer. Higher production of ethylbenzene for K30 may be related to its bigger pore volume and surface area compared to those of K5. High degradation temperature favored styrene monomer production.     

以马来酸酐为原料催化合成富马酸二甲酯

用马来酸酐与甲醇为原料,在浓盐酸为主的复合催化剂的作用下,经一步反应合成富马酸二甲酯.讨论了催化剂用量、酯化时间、异构时间、醇与酸酐比等因素对反应的影响.最适宜的反应条件为:n(甲醇):n(酸酐)=4:1,异构时间0.7h,酯化时间4h,催化剂用量为马来酸酐质量的3.5%.     

甲烷直接氧化制甲醇Ⅲ．反应气吹扫催化膜反应器（RSCMR）

用溶胶－凝胶法制备了“ＳｉＯ＿２／陶瓷”非对称无机膜，并用该膜制备了反应气吹扫催化膜反应器（ＲＳＣＭＲ）装置。在ＲＳＣＭＲ上考察了甲烷一步催化氧化制甲醇反应。结果表明，在研究的范围内，增加氧气或甲烷的浓度和吹扫气的流速（即总的反应气流量）有利于提高甲醇的收率；甲醇在反应条件下的热不稳定性是影响目标反应选择性的重要原因。ＲＳＣＭＲ较膜反应器（ＣＭＲ）系统能更有效地抑制甲醇的热分解，因而可得到较ＣＭＲ更高的甲醇收率。当反应温度为７００℃时，甲醇的收率在ＣＭＲ中为０．５ｇ／ｍ￣２ｈ，在ＲＳＣＭＲ中可达０．９ｇ／ｍ￣２ｈ。     

富氧条件下Fe-Mn/Beta选择性催化丙烯还原氮氧化物

以Beta分子筛为载体，采用等体积浸渍法制备Fe-Mn/Beta催化剂，并对其在富氧条件下丙烯选择性催化还原NO性能进行了研究。通过N₂吸附-脱附、X射线衍射（XRD）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、程序升温还原（H₂-TPR）和原位漫反射傅里叶变换红外光谱（in-situ DRIFTS）等研究手段对催化剂进行表征，考察Mn组分对催化剂的物理化学性质、C₃H₆-SCR反应活性和反应中间产物的影响。结果表明，引入Mn物种可以显著提高Fe-Mn/Beta催化剂的低温催化活性，1.5Fe1.0Mn/Beta催化剂NO还原效率350℃最高可达99.4%，在250-400℃反应温度下显示出很高的反应活性和N₂选择性。原位红外光谱研究表明，分子筛离子交换位上孤立的铁离子是丙烯选择性氧化的主要活性位，分散良好的MnO₂物种不能提高催化剂对丙烯的活化能力，但有助于促进形成NO₂吸附物种，从而提升了Fe-Mn/Beta催化剂的低温C₃H₆-SCR性能。经高温水热老化处理后，Fe-Mn/Beta催化剂脱硝活性明显下降，这与孤立的Fe³⁺离子迁移形成Fe_xO_y团聚物种有关。     

THE EFFECT AND FUNCTION OF AliBu_2OR'''' ON BUTADIENE-PROPYLENE ALTERNATING COPOLYMERIZATION CATALYZED BY VO(OR)_2Cl-AIiBu_3 SYSTEM

Four kinds of AliBu_2OB' with different R' were synthesized. The effect of AliBu_2OR'/AliBu_3 mole ratio on the conversion, the [η] of copolymer and catalytic efficiency were studied. The conversion was increased obviously and the catalytic efficiency was 2.7 times higher than before. The effect of the amount of AliBu_2OR' on the valence state of vanadium ion and the change of the valence state of vanadium ion with reaction temperature and time were studied. The VIS and IR spectra of the trinary-component catalyst system were measured. The model of active center including AliBu_2OR' was proposed. The function of AliBu_2OB was explained.