铑(Ⅲ)-溴酸钾-三氯偶氮氯膦催化分光光度法测定微量铑

铑（Ⅲ）在酸性介质中对溴酸钾氧化三氯偶氮氯膦的褪色反应有明显的催化作用。确定了最佳反应条件，建立了测定微量铑的催化分光光度新方法。铑在1．0～50．0μg／L范围内符合比耳定律，其表观摩尔吸光系数ε550＝1．08×106L·mol-1·cm-1。用于铂－铑催化剂中铑的测定，结果满意。     

由(1R,2S)-麻黄碱制备的硼杂噁唑烷催化甲硼烷不对称还原苯乙酮

由(1R,2S)-麻黄碱制得了五个新的手性硼杂(口恶)唑烷1～5,它们催化甲硼烷不对称还原苯乙酮,获得了高产率的具有38.5～72.4％e.e.的R-1-苯基乙醇。讨论了催化剂的结构-活性关系及反应参数(催化剂用量、反应温度)对还原反应对映选择性的影响。     

LaMn1—yFeyO3对CH4和CO的催化氧化作用

用程序升温脱附试验考察了LaMn_(1-y)Fe_yO_3型催化剂中B位元素对Co、CH_4氧化活性的影响。发现催化剂的活性与TPD谱上脱氧峰的位置及面积有关,同一催化剂对CO与CH_4的氧化活性中心并不一致。以γ-Al_2O_3为载体制得的锰系ABO_3型催化剂在浸渍微量氧化物助催化剂后,能使CO在130℃完全氧化,CH_4的氧化温度为300～500℃。     

水杨醛缩7-氨基-8-羟基喹啉-5-磺酸催化荧光法测定痕量钒(Ⅴ)

水杨醛缩7-氨基-8-羟基喹啉-5-磺酸（简称S7N8Q5S）在酸性介质中分解，产物呈现荧光，V（V）对该反应具有催化作用，本文建立了催化荧光法测定痕量钒的新方法。体系在PH=2的柠檬酸钠-盐酸缓冲溶液中，λex／λem=342／499（nm）。测定V（V）的最佳反应条件为0.04％S7NSQ5S5.0mL，5％KBrO35．0mL，缓冲溶液5．0mL，90℃加热5min。V（V）含量在12.0～40.0μg／L的范围内有良好的线性。将该方法用于钒铬钢样品及水样中痕量钒的测定，结果满意。本文还详细探讨了反应机理。     

利用色谱-反应联合装置研究渣油及其胶质的反应性能

建立一套色谱－反应联合装置，实现了在微量进样条件下对胜利原油减渣中胶质组分的催化裂化反应性能的考察。结果表明，在特殊设计条件下，色谱－反应联合装置具有快速、简便、再现性能良好的特点，可完成对渣油中胶质组分的催化裂化反应性能考察。     

Stochastic resonance in surface catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide induced by colored noise

Noise is generally considered as a disadvanta-geous factor, which would smear weak signals, there-fore, people always try to reduce its influence. How-ever, recent studies show that, for a nonlinear system, under certain circumstances, noise can enhance sys-tem抯 response to a signal. At specific noise intensity, the response of a system to a weak signal may reach its maximum, which is called 搒tochastic resonance?(SR). The concept of SR was originally put forward by Benzi and his collaborat…     

改性硫酸钛催化合成丙酸酯

固体硫酸钛经不同的高温灼烧制得改性硫酸钛，用改性硫酸钛吸附吡啶后的IR光谱表征其表面酸性；用丙酸与多种醇反应考察其酯化催化活性。结果表明，改性硫酸钛表面存在明显的Broensted酸中心；对酯化反应的催化活性高、反应时间短、催化剂可重复使用多次。     

Oxidation of Methanol and Other Low-Molecular-Weight Alcohols on the RuNi Catalysts in an Alkaline Environment

The results of investigations of the RuNi catalysts, which are designed for the electrooxidation of methanol and other low-molecular-weight alcohols in alkaline solutions, are presented. It is shown that the maximum catalytic activity in this reaction is exhibited by a catalyst, which was synthesized thermochemically on acetylene black AD100 containing 15 wt % RuNi at a 68 : 32 atomic ratio (in at. %) between the metals. The structure of the synthesized catalysts is studied by the methods of x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction analysis (XRDA). The area of the metal surface is determined on the basis of the magnitude of the adsorption of CO from the voltammetric curves. An analysis of the data obtained in this work leads to the conclusion that ruthenium in the composition of the catalyst exists in metallic and partially oxidized states and nickel exists in the form of a nonstoichiometric oxide. In addition it is found that the insertion of nickel into the system leads, as follows from the XRDA data, to the dispersion of ruthenium and, as follows from the voltammetric curves, to a decrease in the specific surface area accessible to the adsorption of CO. This is probably connected with the decoration and blockade of a portion of the ruthenium surface by some nickel oxides. Data on the influence, which is exerted by the concentration of methanol, alkali, and temperature on the electrocatalytic activity of the AD100 + 15 wt % RuNi catalyst at a 68 : 32 atomic ratio (in at. %) between the components, are presented. Rates of the oxidation of methanol, ethanol, n-butanol, and ethylene glycol in identical conditions on the catalyst AD100 + 15 wt % RuNi (68 : 32 at. %) between the metals are compared with one another. The oxidation currents, which are observed at a potential of 0.3 V, are equal to 5.48, 2.67, 0.48, and 0.47 A per gram of the catalyst for ethanol, ethylene glycol, methanol, and n-butanol, respectively.__________Translated from Elektrokhimiya, Vol. 41, No. 7, 2005, pp. 829–839.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Tarasevich, Karichev, Bogdanovskaya, Kapustin, Lubnin, Osina.     

Weakly bound oxygen in the catalytic CO oxidation and exoemission from complex oxides having a spinel structure

The catalytic activity of complex oxides M^IM^II ₂O₄ (M^I=Cu, Ni, Co, Zn, or Mg; M^II=Mn or Cr) with a spinel structure in the oxidation of CO and the low-temperature (20–400°C) exoemission of negative charges from their surface were investigated. A relationship between the catalytic activity and the emissivity of the systems under study was found. The role of the charged species of weakly bound oxygen in exoemission and oxidative catalysis by the complex oxides is discussed. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 9, pp. 1618–1621, September, 1997.