CuI-catalyzed Coupling Reactions of Aryl Iodides with Amides Using L-Proline and KF/Al2O3

An efficient experimentally simple and inexpensive catalyst system for the selective amidation of aryl iodides using 15 mol% of CuI as catalyst, 15 mol% of L-proline as ligand and KF/Al2O3 as a base in toluene is described.     

Pd(II)-catalyzed cascade Heck/intramolecular C(sp2)–H amidation reaction: An efficient route to 4-aryl-2-quinolinones

A Pd(II)-catalyzed cascade Heck/intramolecular C(sp²)–H amidation reaction is described for the synthesis of 4-aryl-2-quinolinone derivatives. Substituted cinnamamide containing 2-(pyridin-2-yl)ethanamine unit reacts with aryl iodide to form intermediate by Heck reaction. Then, the intermediate takes place intramolecular amidation via C(sp²)–H activated process promoted by orientation group.     

Metal catalyst-free direct α-iodination of ketones with molecular iodine

Ketones are directly converted to the corresponding α-iodoketones in good yields with molecular iodine under metal catalyst-free conditions. A significant difference in the reactivities was observed for aliphatic and aromatic ketones; whereas aliphatic ketones reacted smoothly at room temperature giving a mixture of 1-iodo, 3-iodo and 1,3-diiodoketones with predominant formation of the 3-iodo product, the α-iodination of aromatic ketones proceeded conveniently under heating to give good yields of α-iodo products.     

Cationic Cobalt(III)‐Catalyzed Aryl and Alkenyl CH Amidation: A Mild Protocol for the Modification of Purine Derivatives

A cationic cobalt(III)‐catalyzed direct C?H amidation of unactivated (hetero)arenes and alkenes by using 1,4,2‐dioxazol‐5‐ones as the amidating reagent has been developed. This transformation proceeds efficiently under external oxidant‐free conditions with a broad substrate scope. Moreover, 6‐arylpurine compounds, which often exhibit high potency in antimycobacterial, cytostatic, and anti‐HCV activities, can be smoothly amidated, thus offering a mild protocol for their late stage functionalization.     

A spirocyclic oxindole analogue:Synthesis and antitumor activities

A new synthesis of spirocyclic oxindole analogue spiro[piperidine-4,3’-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin]-2’（1’H）-one 1 is described.The key steps involve dialkylation of arylacetonitrile and cyclization of the azaoxindole ring by an intramolecular Buchwald-Hartwig amidation of carboxylic ami Je and aryl chloride.A small library was obtained by reductive amination of 1 with various aldehydes and was screened against human lung cancer cell A549,human liver cancer cell BEL7402,and human colon cancer cell HCT-8.The results show that most of the 1（?）rary compounds 2 have some inhibitory activities.2-（Trifluoromethoxy） benzylic substituted spirocyclic azaoxindole 2e was identified as a nanomolar inhibitor against human lung cancer cell A-549(IC₅₀=50 nmol/L).     

Formation of Amphiphilic Molecules from the Most Common Marine Polysaccharides,toward a Sustainable Alternative?

Marine polysaccharides are part of the huge seaweeds resources and present many applications for several industries. In order to widen their potential as additives or bioactive compounds, some structural modifications have been studied. Among them, simple hydrophobization reactions have been developed in order to yield to grafted polysaccharides bearing acyl-, aryl-, alkyl-, and alkenyl-groups or fatty acid chains. The resulting polymers are able to present modified physicochemical and/or biological properties of interest in the current pharmaceutical, cosmetics, or food fields. This review covers the chemical structures of the main marine polysaccharides, and then focuses on their structural modifications, and especially on hydrophobization reactions mainly esterification, acylation, alkylation, amidation, or even cross-linking reaction on native hydroxyl-, amine, or carboxylic acid functions. Finally, the question of the necessary requirement for more sustainable processes around these structural modulations of marine polysaccharides is addressed, considering the development of greener technologies applied to traditional polysaccharides.     

Rhodium(III)-catalyzed direct C-7 sulfonamidation and amination of indolines with arylsulfonamides and trifluoroacetamide

A rhodium-catalyzed direct C–H sulfonamidation and amidation of C-7 position of indolines by simple and commercially available arylsulfonamides and trifluoroacetamide has been developed, affording a series of N-arylsulfonamides and N-aryltrifluoroacetamides in moderate to excellent yields, respectively. Notably, this catalytic system is highly convenient on mmol scale.     

A Catalyst and Solvent Free Route for the Synthesis of N-Substituted Pyrrolidones from Levulinic Acid

An efficient, metal-free, catalyst-free and solvent-free methodology for the reductive amination of levulinic acid with different anilines has been developed using HBpin as the reducing reagent. This protocol offers an excellent method to avoid solvents and added catalysts on the synthesis of different kinds of N-substituted pyrrolidones under metal free conditions. It is also the first report for the synthesis of different pyrrolidones by solvent-free as well as catalyst-free methods. The proposed mechanism for the formation of pyrrolidone has been supported by DFT calculations and control experiments.