Theoretical investigation of novel carbazole-fluorene based D-π-A conjugated organic dyes as dye-sensitizer in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs)

The ground state structure and frontier molecular orbital of newly synthesized carbazole-fluorene based D-π-A organic dyes, CFP1A, CFP2A, CFP1CA, and CFP2CA, were theoretically investigated using density functional theory (DFT) at B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level. These dye molecules have been constructed based on carbazole-fluorene as the electron-donating moiety while introducing benzene units as π-spacer connected to different anchor groups, such as acrylic acid and cyanoacrylic acid, as acceptors. The electronic vertical excitation energies and absorption wavelength were carried out using time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT). Furthermore, the adsorptions of phenylacrylic acid and phenylcyanoacrylic acid on the TiO(2) anatase (101) surface were carried out by means of quantum-chemical periodic calculations employing periodic PBE functional with DNP basis set. The results promise that anchor dyes with strong withdrawing CN group have easier injected electron to the conduction band of semiconductor implying that CFP1CA and CFP2CA show better performance among four dyes. Additionally, the intramolecular charge transfers (ICT) from electron donor group to anchoring group of CFP1CA and CFP2CA have shown better performance. The calculated results provide the efficiency trend of our new dyes as CFP1CA ≈ CFP2CA > CFP1A ≈ CFP2A which are excellently agree with experimental observation.     

稠油催化裂解前后咔唑类化合物的变化及其催化降黏机理的研究

在稠油族组成分离中,采用低毒试剂正己烷、二氯甲烷、无水乙醇及其混合溶剂,将反应前后已除去沥青质的稠油分离为饱和烃、芳烃和含氮化合物。优化并确立了各步分离条件,用GC-MS对各组分进行检测,了解水热催化裂解降黏前后各组分的变化,剖析了胶质中咔唑类化合物的变化。并结合¹HNMR、元素分析等分析手段,证明稠油经水热催化裂解反应后,重质组分中的含氮组分发生了变化,生成了部分咔唑类化合物, 同时,重质组分的组成和结构也发生了一定程度的改变,其超分子结构在一定程度上遭到破坏,生成二环、三环低环数芳烃和小分子量直链烃。这些变化使得稠油黏度降低。
     

Phosphine Sulfide-Based Bipolar Host Materials for Blue Phosphorescent Organic Light-Emitting Diodes

Three phosphine sulfide-based bipolar host materials, viz CzPhPS, DCzPhPS, and TCzPhPS, were facilely prepared through a one-pot synthesis in excellent yields. The developed hosts exhibit superior thermal stabilities with the decomposition temperatures (T_d) all exceeding 350 °C and the melting temperatures (T_m) over 200 °C. In addition, their triplet energy (E_T) levels are estimated to be higher than 3.0 eV, illustrating that they are applicable to serve as hosts for blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (PhOLEDs). The maxima luminance, current efficiency (CE), power efficiency (PE), and external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 17,223 cd m⁻², 36.7 cd A⁻¹, 37.5 lm W⁻¹, and 17.5% are achieved for the blue PhOLEDs hosted by CzPhPS. The PhOLEDs based on DCzPhPS and TCzPhPS show inferior device performance than that of CzPhPS, which might be ascribed to the deteriorated charge transporting balance as the increased number of the constructed carbazole units in DCzPhPS and TCzPhPS molecules would enhance the hole-transporting ability of the devices to a large extent. Our study demonstrates that the bipolar hosts derived from phosphine sulfide have enormous potential applications in blue PhOLEDs, and the quantity of donors should be well controlled to exploit highly efficient phosphine sulfide-based hosts.     

In Silico and Experimental Investigation of the Biological Potential of Some Recently Developed Carprofen Derivatives

The efficient regioselective bromination and iodination of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) carprofen were achieved by using bromine and iodine monochloride in glacial acetic acid. The novel halogenated carprofen derivatives were functionalized at the carboxylic group by esterification. The regioselectivity of the halogenation reaction was evidenced by NMR spectroscopy and confirmed by X-ray analysis. The compounds were screened for their in vitro antibacterial activity against planktonic cells and also for their anti-biofilm effect, using Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853). The cytotoxic activity of the novel compounds was tested against HeLa cells. The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of carprofen derivatives, as well as their toxicity, were established by in silico analyses.     

基于新型电子受体1,3,5-三苯酰基苯的两种热活化延迟荧光材料的合成及性能研究

以1,3,5-三苯酰基苯(TBP)作为电子受体, 1,8-二甲基咔唑(Dm Cz)和1,3,6,8-四甲基咔唑(TmCz)分别作为电子给体,合成了两种新的热活化延迟荧光材料TBP-DmCz和TBP-TmCz.热重和差热测试结果表明,这两种材料都具有高热稳定性.理论计算显示,材料的最高电子占据轨道和最低电子未占轨道分别分布在咔唑和1,3,5-三苯酰基苯结构单元上,两种分子轨道几乎没有重叠,具有热活化延迟荧光材料分子轨道的典型特征.分子轨道能级测算结果显示,增加咔唑结构单元上甲基的数量,能明显升高材料的最高电子占据轨道能级.TBP-DmCz和TBP-TmCz的最低激发单重态和最低激发三重态间能级差(ΔEST)都非常小,分别为0.05和0.01eV.在甲苯溶液中,两种材料均表现出了明显的分子内电荷转移跃迁吸收, TBP-DmCz和TBP-TmCz的发光峰分别出现在488和502 nm.用TBP-DmCz和TBP-TmCz作为掺杂客体材料制备出了两种高性能电致发光器件,器件的最大外量子效率分别达到了13.6%和18.3%.     

Crystal structure of 3‐hydroxy methyl 4,6‐dimethoxy‐9‐phenylsulfonyl‐carbazole

The crystal structure of 3‐Hydroxy methyl 4,6‐dimethoxy‐9‐phenylsulfonyl‐carbazole. (C₂₁H₁₉NO₅S) has been determined [CCDC 194425]. The compound crystallizes from methanol in the monoclinic system, space group I2/c, with unit cell parameters: a = 20.498(2), b = 9.258(2), c = 21.866(3)Å, β = 116.450(10)°, Z = 8, V = 3715.2(10)ų. The crystal structure was solved by direct methods and refined by full‐matrix least squares to a final R‐value of 0.050 with 3508 unique reflections. The planar carbazole ring fragment is inclined at an angle of 79.9(1)° to the phenylsulfonyl group. The sum of the angle about N is 351.6(2)°. The atoms linked to the central hexavalent S atom are arranged in a tetrahedral configuration with the larger deviations in the O‐SO angles [O1‐S‐O2 = 119.7(2)°] and the O1‐S‐N and O2‐S‐N angles [106.1(2) and 106.9(1)°, respectively].     

Crystal Structure of 9-benzenesulfonyl-1-keto-3-thia-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocarbazole

The crystal structure of 9-benzenesulfonyl-1-keto-3-thia-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocarbazole (C₁₇H₁₃NO₃S₂), has been determined. The compound forms crystals of parallelopiped shape and crystallizes in triclinic space group P1 with cell dimensions a = 7.887(6), b = 9.210(6), c = 11.280(5) Å, a = 106.47(5), b = 75.72(6), g = 101.57(4), V = 753.9(8) ų, Z = 2, D_cal = 1.513 Mgm^-3 and T = 298 K. The structure was solved by direct methods and refined by full-matrix least-squares to a final R value of 0.066 with 2861 unique reflections. The heterocyclic six-membered ring of the carbazole moiety adopts half-boat conformation. The phenylsulfonyl substituent occupies equatorial position at N and is inclined by an angle of 71.2(5) to the carbazole moiety. The N atom lies 0.162(3)Å out of the plane of the three atoms bonded to it. The S1 atom possesses usual distorted tetrahedral geometry.     

Synthesis of Dendritic Oligo‐Spiro(fluorene‐9,9′‐xanthene) Derivatives with Carbazole and Fluorene Pendants and their Thermal,Optical, and Electroluminescent Properties

Two novel spiro‐configured ter(arylene‐ethynylene) derivatives, TSF‐Cz and TSF‐F , have been designed and synthesized using spiro(fluorene‐9,9′‐xanthene) (SFX) as building blocks, introducing a hole‐transporting carbazole and a fluorene chromophore as the peripheral functional group into the backbone through an oxygen atom. The two well‐defined oligomers possess good solubility, film‐forming quality, and high T_g's at 140 and 126 °C, respectively. In addition, these oligomers exhibit blue photoluminescence (PL) emission both in solution and solid states. The double‐layered devices fabricated using the two materials as the emitter show a sky‐blue emission with a brightness and a current efficiency of 7 613 cd · m⁻² and 1.11 cd · A⁻¹ for TSF‐Cz , and 1 507 cd · m⁻² and 0.36 cd · A⁻¹ for TSF‐F , respectively.