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951.
William J. McShane R. Steven Pappas Veronica Wilson-McElprang Dan Paschal 《Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy》2008
A simple, high-throughput method for determining total cadmium, mercury, and lead in blood in cases of suspected exposure, using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), has been developed and validated. One part matrix-matched standards, blanks, or aliquots of blood specimens were diluted with 49 parts of a solution containing 0.25% (w/w) tetramethylammonium hydroxide; 0.05% v/v Triton X-100 (blood cell membranes and protein solubilization); 0.01% (w/v) ammonium pyrolidinedithiocarbamate (mercury memory effect prevention and oxidation state stabilization, solubilization by complexation of all three metals); 1% v/v isopropanol (signal enhancement); and 10 μg/L iridium (internal standard). Thus the final dilution factor is 1 + 49. The method provides the basis for the determination of total cadmium, mercury, and lead for assessment of environmental, occupational, accidental ingestion or elevated exposures from other means. Approximately 80 specimens, including blanks, calibration standards, and quality control materials can be processed in an 8-h day. The method has been evaluated by examining reference materials from the National Institute of Standards and Technology, as well as by participation in six rounds of proficiency testing intercomparisons led by the Wadsworth Center of the New York State Department of Health. This method was developed for the purpose of increasing U.S. emergency response laboratory capacity. To this end, 33 U.S. state, and 1 district health department laboratories have validated this method in their own laboratories. 相似文献
952.
A. N. Chekhlov 《Journal of Structural Chemistry》2007,48(3):583-588
An adduct of 2.2.2-cryptand with nitric and perchloric acids of the [H2(Crypt-222)· 0.52H2O]2+·ClO 4 ? ·NO 3 ? ·HNO3 composition (I) is prepared and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The triclinic structure of I (space group \(P\overline 1 \), a = 10.176 Å, b = 11.272 Å, c = 12.870 Å, α = 78.61°, β = 76.62°, γ = 79.88°, Z = 2) is solved by a direct method and refined in the full-matrix anisotropic approximation to R = 0.062 for all 3642 measured independent reflections (CAD-4 automated diffractometer, λMoK α). The structure of I contains a dication of 2.2.2-cryptand in the endo-endo conformation, two hydrogen atoms at the protonated N atoms are directed inside the cavity which also includes a water molecule with a site occupation factor of 0.52. Tetrahedral ClO 4 ? anion in I is disordered. In I, the H atom of the NO 3 ? ·HNO3 dimer is split over two close positions with occupation factors of 0.33 and 0.67; this dimer is joined by a very strong single disordered hydrogen bond N-O-H?O = N between the molecule of nitric acid and its anion. 相似文献
953.
The interaction between molecular oxygen and bile salts, previously observed using chemiluminescence techniques, is studied in this paper by electrochemical techniques to further highlight the nature of the interaction. A shift of half-wave potential of the first polarographic wave for the reduction of molecular oxygen was observed in solutions in the presence of bile salts. The shift could be related to different phenomena, such as adsorption of bile salt molecules on the mercury electrode, irreversibility of the oxygen reduction reaction, pH of the solution. Experimental results suggest the exclusion of the above mentioned processes and outline the occurrence of a direct interaction between oxygen and bile salts, where the hydrophobic face of bile salt monomers and/or small aggregates are involved, enhancing so dismutation of superoxide ion produced at the electrode. The presence of bile salts in solutions containing triphenylphosphine oxide, a hydrophobic surfactant, increases also the wave of reduction of molecular oxygen. As a consequence bile salts, beside the well-assessed physiological roles, can behave as oxygen carrier and as antioxidant, preventing the oxidation of biological compounds by superoxide ion. 相似文献
954.
S Vairam 《Thermochimica Acta》2004,414(2):263-270
Some new hydrazinium salts of benzene tricarboxylic and tetracarboxylic acids have been prepared by neutralisation of these acids with hydrazine hydrate in aqueous medium and characterised by conductance measurement, IR spectral and thermal analyses. Hemimellitic acid (H3hml) forms monohydrazinium salt, trimellitic acid (H3tml) and trimesic acid (H3tms), mono and dihydrazinium salts, and pyromellitic acid (H4pml) all the four salts with hydrazine hydrate. Conductance study indicates their electrolytic nature. IR spectra of all the salts show NN stretching frequencies of the N2H5+ in the region of 960-990 cm−1. The hemimellitate salt undergoes endothermic dehydrazination at 154 °C, trimellitates and pyromellitates in the range of 191-271 °C, and trimesates in the range of 267-332 °C. Trimesates decompose to give CO2 around 337 °C. All the salts then undergo strong exothermic decomposition in the range of 517-595 °C via the formation of respective acid intermediates first, then arenes, yielding carbon residue. A comparison of the thermal behaviour of pure acids with that of their salts reveals the fact that the acids do not withstand high temperature like salts. They show sharp endotherms at their melting points and then they decompose exothermally before 400 °C to give carbon residue. 相似文献
955.
Kabir-ud-Din Ziya Ahmad Khan Sanjeev Kumar Tanweer Ahmad 《Colloid and polymer science》2008,286(3):335-341
The micellar morphology in aqueous 0.2 M sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) solutions has been studied in the simultaneous presence
of organic salts (anilinium hydrochloride, AHC; ortho-toluidine hydrochloride, oTHC; para-toluidine hydrochloride, pTHC) and aliphatic alcohols (n-butanol, C4OH; n-pentanol, C5OH; n-hexanol, C6OH; n-heptanol, C7OH), aliphatic amines (n-butylamine, C4NH2; n-pentylamine, C5NH2; n-hexylamine, C6NH2; n-heptylamine, C7NH2), or hydrocarbons (n-hexane, C6H; n-heptane, C7H) by viscosity measurements under Newtonian flow conditions at 30 °C. Addition of alcohols and amines causes micellar growth
which is found to be dependent upon chain length of the additive and nature of organic salt counterion. It is observed that
amines are more effective in increasing the viscosity of the system if added in pure 0.2 M SDS solution, while SDS + pTHC system was found versatile when alcohols were added to this system. The increased viscosity or the micellar growth is
explained in terms of the site of solubilization of the respective additive and the interaction of the additive with micellar
surface and salt counterion present in the head group region. Hydrocarbons are nearly ineffective in inducing micellar growth
and can be used as ‘micellar destroyer’ for the grown micelles. The additives used are found effective in tuning the environment
of the micelle which is reflected in viscosity behavior. This work may find use in micellar ultrafiltration as well as in
mimicking the natural cell, which has several aspects common with the micelle. 相似文献
956.
D. G. Golovanov K. A. Lyssenko Ya. S. Vygodskii E. I. Lozinskaya A. S. Shaplov M. Yu. Antipin 《Russian Chemical Bulletin》2006,55(11):1989-1999
Systematic X-ray diffraction study of the crystal structures of 1,3-dialkylimidazole-based ionic liquids containing the Br− anion was performed. Analysis of the influence of the nature of the cation on the formation of a hydrogen bond system and
the supramolecular arrangement of ions demonstrated that not only CH⋯Br contacts but also anion—π-system and CH—π-system interactions
exist in the crystalline state. Conclusions were drawn on the character of changes in the melting point in a series of bromide
ionic liquids containing the imidazolium cation.
Dedicated to Academician O. M. Nefedov on the occasion of his 75th birthday.
Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 11, pp. 1916–1925, November, 2006. 相似文献
957.
Francesco Malatesta 《Journal of solution chemistry》2002,31(7):547-558
Activity coefficients of [Co(en)3](NO3)3 and [Co(en)3](ClO4)3, to be compared with [Co(en)3]Cl3 and the corresponding lanthanum salts previously studied, are determined. [Co(en)3]Cl3 data are revised. Ion interaction strengths vary in the same order found for La3+, i.e., as if nitrate and perchlorate ions were of smaller and larger size, respectively, than chloride ions; however, the differences are much smaller than in lanthanum salts. Tris(ethylenediamine)cobalt III and lanthanum nitrate, chloride, and perchlorate—like the corresponding hexacyanoferrate(III) and hexacyanocobaltate(III) salts, but contrary to sulfate salts—behave as if [Co(en)3]3+ were smaller in size than La3+. In the dilute regions, [Co(en)3](NO3)3 displays negative deviations from the limiting slope, a kind of behavior typical for 2:2, 2:3, 3:2, and 3:3 electrolytes, but unnoticed earlier for 3:1 or 1:3 electrolytes. Pitzer's equation parameters able to provide accurate activity and osmotic coefficients for [Co(en)3](NO3)3, [Co(en)3](ClO4)3, and, revised, [Co(en)3]Cl3 are reported. 相似文献
958.
Inorganicseleniumchemistry,diaryldiseIenidesareimportantintermediateduetotheirstabiIityaganistairandwater.Whentheyarereduced,thenucleophilicseIenoatescanbeobtained.TherehavebeenseveralmethodsforthereductionofdiselenidessuchasviaNaBH".SmI==.thereductionsystemofSe,H=OandCO',hydrazine-sodiummethanoIate'andSm/HgCl='.Inthispaper,wereportthereductionsystemofCp=TiCl,/Bu'MgBr/THFanditsapplicationinsynthesisofunsymmetricaldiarylselenides.TitanocenehydridelCp,TiH]'wasderivedfromthereactionof… 相似文献
959.
V. Rama Subba RaoG. Suresh K. Suresh BabuS. Satyanarayana Raju M.V.P.S. Vishnu vardhanSistla Ramakrishna J. Madhusudana Rao 《Tetrahedron》2011,67(10):1885-1892
Chromatographic fractionation of methanol extract from roots of the Piper chaba Hunter resulted in the isolation of four new dimeric alkaloids, chabamide H (1), I (2), J (3), K (4) together with 11 known compounds (5-15). Their chemical structures and relative stereochemistry were determined on the basis of the comprehensive spectroscopic techniques (IR, Mass, and NMR) and further confirmed by comparison of the data with those reported in literature. In addition, cytotoxic activities of all the dimeric amides (1-7) along with their monomers (8-10) were evaluated against cervical (HELA), breast (MCF-7), liver (HEPG2), colon (HT-29), and colon (COLO-205) cancer cell lines. Among the tested isolates, 5 and 7 exhibited potent cytotoxic activity against COLO-205 cell line with IC50 value of 3.10 μg/mL and 0.018 μg/mL, respectively. To prove biogenesis of the newly isolated compounds, biomimetic synthesis has also been carried out via Diels-Alder reaction by using copper(II) salts in aqueous medium. 相似文献
960.
The values of the fraction of ionizes phenyl salicylate, fPS-, obtained from initial absorbance measurement of phenyl salicylate at 350 nm, remain unchanged with the increase in [CH3CO2Na] from 0.0 to 0.7 M at 0.01 M NaOH (fPS- ≈ 0.70) and 0.02 M NaOH (fPS- ≈ 0.93). The values of fPS- decrease from ~ 1.0 to 0.90 and ~ 1.0 to 0.84 with the increase in respective [CH3CO2Na] and [NaBr] from 0.0 to 0.6 M at 0.01 M NaOH, 0.02 M C12E23(=C12H25(OCH2CH2)23OH) and 0.01 M CTABr (=C16H33NMe3Br). 相似文献