Manipulation of terahertz radiation using metamaterials

During the past decade electromagnetic metamaterials have realized many exotic phenomena that are difficult or impossible using naturally occurring materials. It is their resonantly enhanced interaction with electromagnetic waves that underpins their attractive qualities, which are increasingly important in the terahertz frequency range. Passive and active terahertz metamaterials and devices have enabled novel functionality and unprecedented terahertz device performance. These demonstrations prove their potential to address the so‐called terahertz gap, a technology vacuum associated with the deficiency of natural materials with a desirable terahertz response.     

基于容栅传感器的试件拉伸率在线测量装置

材料力学实验中在做破坏性拉伸试验时,需要测量拉断试件的长度,但是由于拉断试件测量时断口对接不紧密,以及人为读数误差等原因造成实验结果与理论值之间存在很大的差别.对此设计了基于容栅传感器的试件拉伸率自动测量装置,数字显示读数,提高了测量精度;同时该装置可以安装在机械加工设备上进行长度在线测量,提高加工效率.     

硅纳米孔柱阵列及其四氧化三铁复合薄膜的湿敏电容特性研究

报道了硅纳米孔柱阵列（Si-NPA），Fe₃O₄复合的Si-NPA（Fe ₃O₄/Si-NPA）两种薄 膜材料的制备方法并对其形貌和结构进行了表征，研究了其电容湿度传感特性.结果表明，S i-NPA，Fe₃O₄/Si-NPA均为微米/纳米结构复合体系.当环境相对湿 度从11％上升到95％ 时，采用100 Hz的信号频率进行测试，以Si-NPA和Fe₃O₄/Si-NPA 为电介质材料制成的湿 敏元件的电容增加值分别为起始值的1500％和5500％；采用1000 Hz的信号频率测试时，则 分别为起始值的800％和12000％，显示出两种材料较高的湿度灵敏性和较强的绝对电容输出 信号强度.同时，在升湿和降湿过程中，Si-NPA，Fe₃O₄/Si-NPA都 具有较快的响应速度 ，其响应时间分别为15 s，5 s和20 s，15 s.文章结合材料的形貌和结构特性对其物理机理 进行了分析.上述结果表明，Si-NPA无论是直接作为湿度薄膜传感材料还是作为复合薄膜湿 度传感材料的衬底都具有很好的前景. 关键词： 硅纳米孔柱阵列 3O₄')" href="#">Fe₃O₄ 湿度电容传感特性     

Improvement of water softening efficiency in capacitive deionization by ultra purification process of reduced graphene oxide

Capacitive deionization (CDI) is the next generation of water desalination and softening technology by using relatively low capacitive current of electrochemical double layer. Among various carbon-based materials used for making electrode, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) has been intensively studied due to its excellent electrical conductivity and high surface area. Although Hummer method for making graphene oxide (GO) and rGO is a simple process, it remains some impurities in inherent GO and rGO which affect negatively to the CDI performance. In this work, we successfully prepared ultra purified GO and rGO by modifying Hummer method in order to remove entirely excess elements degrading the CDI performance. The electrosorption capacity of ultra purified rGO is considerably better than that of previous rGO, and maximum removal achieves 3.54 mg g⁻¹ at applied voltage of 2.0 V. Thus, this result could be comparable to other researches in CDI process.     

功能化石墨烯/活性炭复合电极及不对称电容器脱盐

以3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(AMPTS)修饰氧化石墨(GO)还原合成氨基功能化石墨烯(GP-NH2).傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱和X射线能谱(EDX)分析证明了氨基基团的成功接枝.以GP-NH2为添加剂,制备胺化石墨烯/活性炭(GP-NH2/AC)复合电极,并以GP-NH2/AC为正极,AC电极为对电极,组装不对称电容器(AC||GPNH2/AC)用于电容脱盐.实验表明,AC||GP-NH2/AC单循环脱盐量为7.63 mg·g-1,电流效率达77.6%.利用磺酸重氮盐接枝石墨烯制备磺化石墨烯(GP-SO3H)及磺化石墨烯/活性炭(GP-SO3H/AC)复合电极.并以GPSO3H/AC为负极,GP-NH2/AC为正极,组装不对称电容器(GP-SO3H/AC||GP-NH2/AC)用于电容脱盐,其平均脱盐速率可达0.99 mg·g-1·min-1,比纯AC电极提高了接近5倍.充放电速率提高了30%;而且由于正、负极表面固有电荷的存在,大大降低了反离子效应,电流效率由40%(纯AC||AC对称电容器)提高到92.8%.表明电极内功能化导电石墨烯的存在既提高了导电性,又兼具离子选择性的作用,从而明显改善电极的脱盐性能.     

不同碳源催化化学气相沉积制备自支撑C/Ni-Fiber复合电极材料的电容脱盐性能

以甲烷、乙烯、乙醇和正丁醇为碳源,通过催化化学气相沉积在具有三维开放网络结构的烧结8μm-Ni金属纤维上沉积碳的方法,制备了以金属Ni纤维网络为集流极、沉积碳为离子存储库的薄层大面积自支撑C/Ni-fiber复合电极材料.用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、热重分析（TGA）、X射线衍射（XRD）、N₂-吸脱附等温线和循环伏安与电化学阻抗谱对电极材料进行了表征,并考察了其作为电极的电容脱盐性能.乙烯、甲烷、正丁醇和乙醇为碳源的沉积碳形态分别为鱼骨状碳纳米管（CNTs）、石墨烯面取向与轴平行的CNTs、棒状和蠕虫状碳纳米纤维（CNFs）.C/Ni-fiber复合电极材料对NaCl的电吸附容量顺序为:乙烯>正丁醇>甲烷>乙醇,这与复合电极的电化学特性、孔结构和碳的纳米结构相关.在1.2 V的工作电压下,以乙烯为碳源制备的C/Ni-fiber复合电极材料对水溶液中NaCl(100 mg·L^-1)的电吸附容量达159μmol·g^-1.     

微幅摆重力加速度仪的设计

微幅摆重力加速度仪采用容栅尺位移传感器测量摆长变化量,提高了测量精度,避免了摆球尺寸及重心偏移量的影响,微摆幅设计与高精度的计时装置,能使该仪器更准确地测量单摆的摆动周期,提高重力加速度的测量精度.     

Dynamic transport characteristics of side-coupled double-quantum-impurity systems

A systematic study is performed on time-dependent dynamic transport characteristics of a side-coupled double-quantum-impurity system based on the hierarchical equations of motion. It is found that the transport current behaves like a single quantum dot when the coupling strength is low during tunneling or Coulomb coupling. For the case of only tunneling transition, the dynamic current oscillates due to the temporal coherence of the electron tunneling device. The oscillation frequency of the transport current is related to the step voltage applied by the lead, while temperature $T$, electron--electron interaction $U$ and the bandwidth $W$ have little influence. The amplitude of the current oscillation exists in positive correlation with $W$ and negative correlation with $U$. With the increase in coupling $t_{12}$ between impurities, the ground state of the system changes from a Kondo singlet of one impurity to a spin singlet of two impurities. Moreover, lowering the temperature could promote the Kondo effect to intensify the oscillation of the dynamic current. When only the Coulomb transition is coupled, it is found that the two split-off Hubbard peaks move upward and have different interference effects on the Kondo peak at the Fermi surface with the increase in $U_{12}$, from the dynamics point of view.     

Nitrogen/Oxygen Co-Doped Hierarchically Porous Carbon for High-Performance Potassium Storage

Although the insertion of potassium ions into graphite has been proven to be realistic, the electrochemical performance of potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) is not yet satisfactory. Therefore, more effort is required to improve the specific capabilities and achieve a long cycling life. The mild carbonization process in molten salt (NaCl-KCl) is used to synthesize nitrogen/oxygen co-doped hierarchically porous carbon (NOPC) for PIBs by using cyanobacteria as the carbon source. This exhibits highly reversible capacities and ultra-long cycling stability, retaining a capacity of 266 mA h g⁻¹ at 50 mA g⁻¹ (100 cycles) and presents a capacity of 104.3 mA h g⁻¹ at 1000 mA g⁻¹ (1000 cycles). Kinetics analysis reveals that the potassium ion (K⁺) storage of NOPC is controlled by a capacitive process, which plays a crucial role in the excellent rate performance and superior reversible ability. The high proportion of capacitive behavior can be ascribed to the hierarchically porous structure and improved conductivity resulting from nitrogen and oxygen doping. Furthermore, density functional theory (DFT) calculations theoretically validate the enhanced potassium storage effect of the as-obtained NOPC. More importantly, the route to NOPC from cyanobacteria in molten salt provides a green approach to the synthesis of porous carbon materials.     

提高载体驱动硅微陀螺灵敏度的方法

载体驱动硅微陀螺是一种利用体微工艺制备的新型电容式振动MEMS陀螺,它安装于旋转飞行器上,利用载体的自旋作为驱动。当载体发生横向转动时,敏感质量受到周期性科氏力的作用,产生振动,从而敏感输入角速度。针对该种MEMS陀螺,首先介绍了陀螺的工作原理和电容式检测结构,然后详细分析了差分电容与敏感质量偏转角之间的关系,最后提出了一种通过调节电容拾取电路的脉冲信号的占空比,来提高陀螺灵敏度的方法。实验测试结果表明,当占空比由50%调整到75%时,相应输出电压峰峰值可由10.7 V提高到13.1 V,提高幅度达22.43%。理论分析和实验结果均表明,该方法可简便有效地提高陀螺灵敏度,具有实际应用价值。