Latest advances in zwitterionic structures modified dialysis membranes

End-stage renal diseases are affecting many patients and as a result, demand to receive dialysis service is growing annually. Morbidity and mortality rates are reported to be higher in comparison with healthy humans. The reason is reported to be the hemoincompatiblity of blood purification membranes, which hinders patients’ lives. Activation of different immune systems in the body, in case of blood-membrane interaction, results in several side effects, of which cardiovascular shocks have been mentioned to be a major one. Efforts to solve this issue have resulted in different generations of dialysis membranes. Zwitterionic immobilized membranes are the latest (third) generation, which owns a higher degree of hemocompatiblity with more stability of immobilized structures. This critical review intends to cover recent efforts conducted over the zwitterionization of polymeric membrane surfaces with the goal of improving hemocompatibility. Different aspects of third-generation membranes are discussed for a better understanding of the current gap and gathering the knowledge to further develop the field. Accordingly, this critical survey provides an in-depth understanding of blood purification membranes zwitterionization for paving the way for the optimum enhancement of hemodialysis membrane hemocompatibility.     

Brushite (Ca,M)HPO4, 2H2O doping with bioactive ions (M = Mg2+, Sr2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, and Ag+): a new path to functional biomaterials?

Dicalcium phosphate dihydrate, DCPD (CaHPO₄·2H₂O), brushite, is an important calcium phosphate compound encountered in mineralized tissues and used in medicine, especially in bone cement formulations. However, the use of DCPD as direct implantable biomaterial has not received dedicated attention. In addition, the possibility to dope DCPD with biologically active ions to modulate its performances was not systematically explored. We have investigated in depth the doping of DCPD with Mg²⁺, Sr²⁺, Zn²⁺, Cu²⁺, and Ag⁺ ions. Clear modifications in terms of chemical composition, particle size, pore distribution, crystal morphology, and affinity for water were pointed out. Then, the samples were cultured with human adipose-derived stem cells to explore cytotoxicity and proliferation. Various behaviors were noticed dependent on the incorporated metal ions. Such DCPD compounds associated with bioactive metal ions, and particularly Ag⁺ and Zn²⁺, appear promising as a new family of reactive materials for use, as such or in combination, in bone-related applications.     

水热法制备Ag3PO4/HAP复合光催化剂及其光催化性能（英文）

以牡蛎壳为原料,利用水热法合成高纯度的羟基磷灰石(HAP)载体,经磷酸银负载后,制备出纳米棒状Ag3PO4/HAP复合光催化剂。利用扫描电镜(SEM)、高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)对样品进行表征,并考察不同的制备因素对催化剂降解亚甲基蓝溶液性能的影响。结果表明,当质量比为1∶2时制备的1∶2-Ag3PO4/HAP催化剂的表现最为突出,在10 min时即可达到50%的降解率,在40 min时基本降解完全,是一种高效的复合光催化剂。     

碳酸氢钠溶液与氯化钙溶液反应原理再探究*

借助手持技术通过滴定的方法探究了碳酸氢钠与氯化钙溶液的反应原理,根据相关文献知识和实验对比研究,结合相关实验数据从定量和定性的角度深度分析了碳酸氢钠溶液与氯化钙溶液反应生成沉淀和产生气体的可能性。     

磷酸铁锂电池低温性能的改性方法简述

LiFePO₄电极材料具有比容量高、工作电压稳定、成本低及环境友好等优点,被视为理想的锂离子电池正极材料,是目前电动汽车主要正极材料之一。 然而在低温下LiFePO₄电池性能显著降低,限制了其在冬季和高寒地区中的使用。 研究人员分析了低温下磷酸铁锂电池性能快速下降的原因,并提出解决办法。 本文概述了提高磷酸铁锂电池低温性能的4个方法:1)脉冲电流;2)电解液添加剂;3)表面包覆;4)体相掺杂。     

磷酸钙在凝胶体系中的仿生矿化研究

通过模拟牙釉质的生物矿化过程,在琼脂凝胶体系中研究两种磷酸钙晶体—磷酸八钙(Ca8H2(PO4)6.5H2O,OCP)和羟基磷灰石(Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2,HAP)的矿化过程:分别研究了不同pH值(pH=6.5,7.0,7.5)条件下以及添加I型胶原蛋白的凝胶体系中矿化所形成的磷酸钙晶体的组成和形貌。在凝胶体系中,当pH=6.5时主要形成OCP,形貌为较大尺寸的片状;pH=7.0,则形成了较短片状OCP与针状HAP的混晶;pH=7.5,则主要形成针状形貌的HAP。此外,当添加Ⅰ型胶原蛋白后,在pH=6.5时则主要形成较大尺寸的片状HAP,且互相平行排列成束。由实验结果可知:pH对凝胶体系中仿生合成的磷酸钙晶体的组成和形貌具有一定的调控作用,而Ⅰ型胶原蛋白则有利于诱导形成片状HAP晶体并且使之排列呈束状,其结构类似牙釉质晶体。     

半水硫酸钙晶须稳定化研究

使用多种稳定剂对半水硫酸钙晶须进行稳定化处理,研究了稳定剂用量、稳定化处理温度和时间等对半水硫酸钙晶须稳定性的影响。通过FTIR、SEM、DSC-TG和XRD对稳定化处理后的产物进行了表征,结果表明：在油酸钠用量0.3%,稳定化处理温度100 ℃,稳定化处理时间20 min的条件下,实现了半水硫酸钙晶须的稳定;油酸钠在晶须表面的吸附既有物理吸附又有化学吸附,并通过化学吸附在晶须表面形成了油酸钙。     

混合气气氛下纸浆黑液和钙混合催化剂的催化气化特性

采用热重法在单一和混合催化剂(即3%钙和5%钠-黑液单-催化剂及一种3%钙和5%钠-黑液混合催化剂),温度750℃～950℃及常压条件下对三种高变质无烟煤(福建龙岩、丰海和尤溪煤)研究了混合气气化过程中对碳转化率、气化反应速率及有害污染含硫气体相对量的催化效应.纸浆黑液和钙混合催化剂具有两者的的协同作用,在混合气气化过程中,3%钙和5%钠-黑液混合催化剂可极大地增加碳转化率和气化反应速率系由于该混合催化剂碱性表面化合物[-COM]、[-CO2M]及可交换的钙酚盐和羧酸钙[(-COO)2Ca]的存在加速了反应C 2CO2=2CO和C H2O→CO H2的结果,且这一催化作用比水蒸气气化过程更强烈.通过添加碳酸钙于纸浆黑液催化剂的气化方法,除去促进催化剂功效和增加碳转化率以外,也可达到有效的脱硫作用,但是这一较好的操作温度需低于900℃.     

介孔磷酸锡催化1,3-二羟基丙酮制备乳酸甲酯

以三嵌段聚合物P123为结构导向剂在水热条件下制备了介孔磷酸锡 (SnPO),采用XRD、N2物理吸附、TEM、FT-IR、Raman、XPS和Py-IR对SnPO结构和酸性进行了表征并关联其催化1,3-二羟基丙酮 (DHA) 制备乳酸甲酯的性能。结果表明：500℃ 焙烧后的SnPO为层状介孔材料,含有丰富的Lewis (L) 酸位点,能够在温和条件下催化DHA制备乳酸甲酯;该反应遵循平行-序列的反应路径,需要Br?nsted (B) 酸和L酸的协同参与且相对高的L/B值有助于提高乳酸甲酯选择性。此外,SnPO具有足够的结构稳定性,有机物在其表面沉积而导致的失活可以通过500℃ 空气焙烧进行再生。     

Optical,thermal, and magnetic properties of a microporous fluorinated iron phosphate: (H3O)2[Fe4(H2O)2F4(PO4)2(HPO4)2](H2O)

The non-centrosymmetric microporous fluorinated iron phosphate, (H₃O)₂[Fe₄(H₂O)₂F₄(PO₄)₂(HPO₄)₂](H₂O), is endowed with properties. In fact, the thermogravimetric analysis study shows a mass loss evolution as a temperature function. The optical study was also examined by UV–vis absorption. The magnetic results reveal the appearance of a ferromagnetic behavior at low temperature (Tc = 11.64 K).