Metallic Particles from Complexing Microcapsules Dispersed in a Silica Gel

A new process to control the distribution of metal nanoparticles is proposed. It involves the use of complexing microcapsules obtained by interfacial polycondensation. The latter are hollow spheres constituted of a polymer membrane, containing an insoluble active ingredient, such as a polyacrylic acid, which can complex Co²⁺ ions. These capsules are dispersed in a silica sol followed by thermal treatments and reduction under H₂ which results in metallic Co nanoparticles confined in the capsules domains. The particles do not diffuse in the matrix.     

Insoluble polystyrene-bound quaternary onium salt catalysts for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates by the reaction of oxiranes with carbon dioxide

The addition reaction of oxiranes ( 26a—e ) with carbon dioxide (CO₂) was performed using insoluble polystyrene beads containing pendant quaternary ammonium or phosphonium salts as catalysts under atmospheric pressure. The reaction of 26a—e with CO₂ proceeded smoothly catalyzed by 1–2 mol % of the polymer-supported quaternary onium salts to give the corresponding cyclic carbonates ( 27a—e ) in high yields at 80–90°C. In this reaction system, the catalytic activity of the polymer-supported quaternary onium salts was strongly affected by the following factors: degree of ring substitution (DRS) of the onium salt residues to the polymer, degree of crosslinking (DC) of the polystyrene beads, chain length of the alkylene spacer between the polymer back-bone and the onium salt, hydrophobicity of the alkyl group on the onium salts, and kind of onium salts. That is, the polymer-supported quaternary phosphonium salts with low DRS and DC and with long alkylene spacer chain were found to have higher catalytic activity than low molecualr weight quaternary onium salts. The above polymer-supported catalysts can easily be separated at the end of a reaction by filtration and can be reused for at least seven runs. It was also found that the rate of reaction was proportional to the products of catalyst concentration and oxirane concentration. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue on Fe3+-doped TiO2 nanoparticles under visible light irradiation

Fe³⁺-doped TiO₂ composite nanoparticles with different doping amounts were successfully synthesized using sol-gel method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and ultravioletvisible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS). The photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue was used as a model reaction to evaluate the photocatalytic activity of Fe³⁺/TiO₂ nanoparticles under visible light irradiation. The influence of doping amount of Fe³⁺ (ω: 0.00%–3.00%) on photocatalytic activities of TiO₂ was investigated. Results show that the size of Fe³⁺/TiO₂ particles decreases with the increase of the amount of Fe³⁺ and their absorption spectra are broaden and absorption intensities are also increased. Doping Fe³⁺ can control the conversion of TiO₂ from anatase to rutile. The doping amount of Fe³⁺ remarkably affects the activity of the catalyst, and the optimum efficiency occurs at about the doping amount of 0.3%. The appropriate doping of Fe³⁺ can markedly increase the catalytic activity of TiO₂ under visible light irradiation. __________ Translated from Journal of Northwest Normal University (Natural Science), 2006, 42(6): 55–56 [译自: 西北师范大学学报(自然科学版)]     

钙钛矿型复合氧化物Ca_xSr_（1－x）TiO_3催化剂上的甲烷氧化偶联反应

在固定床反应器上，评价了不同温度下钙钛矿型复合氧化物ＳｒＴｉＯ３和ＣａＴｉＯ３的组成变化对甲烷氧化偶联反应的影响．同时，利用ＸＰＳ和ＣＯ２－ＴＰＤ对催化剂的结构及其氧物种的反应特性进行了表征．结果表明：ＳｒＴｉＯ３和少量Ｃａ掺杂的ＣａｘＳｒｌ－ｘＴｉＯ３有利于在较低温度（９２３Ｋ）下催化反应的活性和选择性，而ＣａＴｉＯ３体系则在高温（１０７３Ｋ）下表现出较好的活性和选择性．钙钛矿型复合氧化物ＳｒＴｉＯ３和ＣａＴｉＯ３组成变化对不同温度下反应活性的影响与ＣＯ２－ＴＰＤ的脱附谱图有很好的平行关系．     

甲烷在SrO-La2O3/CaO催化剂上的氧化偶联Ⅱ.反应动力学的研究

在２０％Ｌａ２Ｏ３／ＣａＯ（ＬＣ）催化剂中添加ＳｒＯ（添加ＳｒＯ的ＬＣ以ＳＬＣ表示）明显地提高了反应活性和Ｃ２选择性。反应动力学研究表明，ＬＣ和ＳＬＣ催化剂在甲烷氧化偶联反应中，在表观活化能和表观反应级数上存在很大的差异。ＬＣ催化剂在ＣＨ４转化以及Ｃ２和ＣＯｘ形成过程中，表观活化能大于ＳＬＣ催化剂，而ＳＬＣ催化剂的指前因子小于ＬＣ体系，两者存在着补偿形象。ＳＬＣ催化剂的反应速率常数比ｋｃ２／ｋＣＨ     

XPS study of interactions between linear carbon chains and colloidal Au nanoparticles

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Conductometric study of cationic and anionic complexes in propylene carbonate

Conductivity data are used to determine thermodynamic complex formation constants for cases in which both the initial electrolyte and the complexed electrolyte form ion pairs. Using the method described in the text, the complex formation constants of Li⁺, Na⁺ and K⁺ with the crown ether 18-crown-6 and of Li⁺ with the ligand triphenylphosphine oxide in propylene carbonate have been evaluated from conductance data. The complexation of AgBr in propylene carbonate solutions of n-etrabutylammonium bromide has also been studied by the measurement of molar conductivities. The results of these studies indicate that ion pairing should not be neglected, even in high permittivity solvents such as propylene carbonate, and that the ion pair association constants correlate well with structural studies on cation-crown ether molecular conformations.     

Hydraulic activity of C4A3Cr in presence of C4A3S

This paper deals with synthesis and assessment of the hydraulicity of C₄A₃Cr, analog phase C₄A₃S to , relevant to the phase chemistry and properties of sulfoaluminate cements. C₄A₃Cr, synthesized at 1250 °C is well crystallized phase, latently hydraulic, with hydration accelerated in the presence of C₄A₃S, or CS. Calorimetric curves show reciprocal influence of sulfate and chromate phase in hydration of C₄A₃S-C₄A₃Cr system. The total heat expressed at hydration is nearly the same for all specimens, but the rate of heat evolution depends on the ratio of C₄A₃S/C₄A₃Cr phases. X-ray diffraction pattern and DTA curves showed that, increasing content of C₄A₃Cr in hydrating mixture results in a coexistence of two types of ettringite (chromate and sulfate ettringite) hydrogarnet, gibbsite and monosulfate. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Carbonat-isostere Anionen [SnX3]5− in den Verbindungen Rb6[SnX3]O0,5 und Cs6[SnX3]O0,5 mit X = As,Sb und Bi

Carbonate Isostructural Anions [SnX₃]^5? in the Compounds Rb₆[SnX₃]O_0.5 and Cs₆[SnX₃]O_0.5 with X = As, Sb, and Bi The metallic shining compounds Rb₆[SnX₃]O_0.5 and Cs₆[SnX₃]O_0.5 with X = As, Sb, and Bi were prepared from the melt starting from adequate mixtures of the elements and SnO₂. They crystallize in the hexagonal system (space group P6₃/mmc, No. 194, Z = 2) with the lattice constants mentioned in ?Inhaltsübersicht”?. In the structures of the isotypic compounds tin and the main group(V) elements build up trigonal planar anions [SnX₃]^5? with X = As, Sb, and Bi isostructural to the carbonate anion, oxygen forms isolated O^2? ions. The bond lengths Sn? X are significantly shortened with respect to the sums of Pauling covalent radii. The atoms of the units [SnX₃]^5? are coordinated by alkali metal cations forming trigonal prisms and the O^2? anions occupy octahedral holes.     

Ab initio and DFT studies on tautomerism of indazole in gaseous and aqueous phases

Electronic structure of optimized Ge₅, Ge₁₇, Ge₅–O and Ge₅ embedded in SiO₂ nanoparticles have been studied by density functional theory to find out the effect of cluster size and Ge–O bond(s) on the optical energy gap between LUMO and HOMO. It was found that the optical energy gap depends on both cluster size and the number of Ge–O bonds nonlinearly. The optical energy gap was found to be in visible light range when the Ge₅ nanoparticle has been embedded in SiO₂ matrix.