锂离子电池负极CaSnO3制备及性能

应用水热法合成前驱物CaSn（OH）6,经高温煅烧而得CaSnO3.XRD、SEM、DSC-TGA表征其物相、表面形貌和相变过程,调节溶剂水和乙醇比例,可有效地控制前驱物的形态,从立方块到内凹立方块乃至枝状结构变化,高温煅烧前驱体可得到CaSnO3样品.CaSnO3电极比容量为334.4 mAh/g,呈现出优良的循环寿...     

STUDY ON TPR OF NICKEL OXIDE CATALYSTS CALCINED AT HIGH TEMPERATURES

TPR technique has been used, to investigate the reducibilities of three types of nickel oxide catalysts calcined in air between 650℃and 1050℃: NiO/Al2O3, NiO/MgAl2O4and NiO/(CaO, MgO) · A12O3· xSiO2. The results indicate that the TPR peaks of all the catalysts were shifted toward high temperature and peak areas were gradually reduced with increasing calcination temperature. Particularly, the main TPR peaks almost disappeared at 1050℃-It was also observed that NiO/(CaO, MgO)· Al2O3 · xSiO2 catalyst was the easiest to be reduced of these catalysts, and there was a small shoulder peak before the main peak for each catalyst. Examination of these catalysts by XPS showed that there were two forms of nickel oxides on support surface .     

悬浮态煅烧氧化铝熟料的试验研究

本文在一维煤粉试验炉内对高铝煤进行了直接悬浮态煅烧氧化铝熟料的试验研究,研究了不同炉温对熟料生成的影响,并对在不同温度下煅烧得到氧化铝熟料进行XRD分析。试验结果表明:在悬浮态下燃烧,燃烧温度高于1100℃以上时,完全可以生成氧化铝熟料,粉煤灰中氧化铝熟料生成量在1200℃最多。     

Microwave-assisted synthesis of SrFe12O19 hexaferrites

Ultra-fine and homogeneous SrFe₁₂O₁₉ hexaferrites were synthesized by a microwave-assisted calcination route. The calcined precursors were prepared by a sol-gel auto-combustion method using Fe(NO₃)₃·9H₂O, Sr(NO₃)₂ and citric acid as starting materials. The structures, powder morphology and magnetic properties of the products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope and vibrating sample magnetometer. The results showed that microwaves are helpful to reduce the calcination temperature and shorten the calcination time. The ferrites with saturation magnetization, remanence and intrinsic coercivity of 54.80 emu/g, 29.52 emu/g and 5261 Oe, respectively, were obtained in samples calcined at 800 °C for 80 min.     

The Characteristics of Green Calcium Oxide Derived from Aquatic Materials

Thermogravimetric Analysis of three aquatic materials, i.e. cuttlebone, mussel shell and oyster shell, and other physicochemical characteristics were investigated. The highest decomposition rates of aquatic materials under two surrounding gases, i.e. oxygen and nitrogen, exhibited no significant difference for cuttlebone (3.6×10^-5-4.8×10^-5 mg s^-1 mg_initial^-1 at heating rate 5 °C/min and 11.8 ×10^-5 -12.5×10^-5 mg s^-1 mg_initial^-1 at heating rate 15 °C/min) and mussel shell (3.4×10^-5- 5.2×10^-5 mg s^-1 mg_initial^-1 at heating rate 5 °C/min and 11.9×10^-5 – 12.4×10^-5 mg s^-1 mg_initial^-1 at heating rate 15 °C/min), while oyster shell provided the higher decomposition rate under nitrogen surrounding gas (7.6×10^-4 mg s^-1 mg_initial^-1 at heat rate 5 °C/min and 21.53×10^-4 mg s^-1 mg_initial^-1 at heating rate 15 °C/min). This is probably because of the difference in their starting crystalline structures, i.e. aragonite (cuttlebone and mussel shell) and calcite (oyster shell). The cubic calcium oxides were prepared by calcination of three aquatic materials under oxygen and nitrogen surrounding gases at 5 °C/min ramping to 850 °C for 2 hours. All resulting calcium oxides obtained from oxygen atmosphere provided only cubic crystalline phases and the adsorption-desorption isotherms (IUPAC Type III), whereas the calcinations under nitrogen surrounding gas gave a presence of calcium hydroxide crystalline or hydroxyl- contaminate existing with cubic calcium oxide that influences on the strength and the number of carbon dioxide adsorption sites. The specific surface area of all resulting calcium oxides ranged from 0.1 – 1.5 m²/g and the average pore diameter was found in the range of 40-60 nm. The the number of basic sites belonging to CaO derived from Oyster shell or Cuttlebone were improved while firing under oxygen atmosphere. The suitable firing condition is at the low heating rate to develop porous materials.     

焙烧条件对浆态床CO甲烷化Ni-Al2O3催化剂性能的影响

结合行星式球磨机,采用机械化学法制备Ni-Al₂O₃催化剂,考察了焙烧温度和焙烧时间对Ni-Al₂O₃催化剂晶相结构、还原特征、孔道结构和浆态床CO甲烷化性能的影响。通过XRD、H₂-TPR、BET、XPS和TPH等方法对反应前后催化剂进行表征。结果表明,焙烧温度从350℃升高到700℃,活性前体NiO仍在载体表面高度分散,催化剂还原峰温向高温方向偏移。其中,450℃条件下焙烧所获得的cat-450试样比表面积最大,为350 m²/g。评价结果显示,焙烧温度从350℃升高到700℃,CO转化率、CH₄选择性和收率均呈先升高后降低的趋势,于450℃达到最大值,分别为97.8%、88.2%和86.2%。另外,焙烧时间对催化剂的还原性能影响较小,对载体Al₂O₃的晶相结构有一定影响。随焙烧时间延长,CO转化率稍有降低,而后增大;焙烧时间为4 h,CH₄选择性和收率均较大。     

焙烧温度对CuCe/AC催化剂甲醇氧化羰基化性能的影响

采用先浸渍Ce后浸渍Cu的方法制备了活性炭(AC)负载CuCe催化剂,考察了焙烧温度对CuCe/AC催化剂表面结构及其催化甲醇气相氧化羰基化合成碳酸二甲酯(DMC)性能的影响,并采用XRD、XPS和H2-TPR等表征分析了活性组分含量和价态等性质。结果表明,催化剂中高价态的Cu~(2+)逐渐被还原为低价态的Cu~+和Cu~0,催化剂中发生Cu~(2+)→Cu~+→Cu~0的还原变化过程。催化剂经450℃焙烧处理后,催化剂中仍然存在一定量的Cu_2O晶相,表明Ce与Cu的相互作用抑制了部分Cu_2O的还原。当焙烧处理温度为300℃时,催化剂中的Cu~+含量达到最高,此时催化剂的活性达到最优,DMC的时空收率、选择性以及甲醇转化率分别为143.4mg/(g·h)、85.2%和4.1%。     

焙烧温度对铁基催化剂催化浆态床F-T合成反应性能的影响

 采用连续共沉淀与喷雾干燥成型技术相结合的方法制备了微球形Fe-Cu-K-SiO2催化剂,并考察了焙烧温度对催化剂的结构和织构性质的影响. 结果表明,催化剂具有较好的织构和结构热稳定性,粘结剂SiO2起到了分散和稳定α-Fe2O3晶相的作用. 随着焙烧温度的升高,催化剂的比表面积逐渐减小,α-Fe2O3晶粒逐渐增大,催化剂体相中的Cu和K原子向表面富集,且Cu向表面的迁移更明显; 同时,催化剂中的α-Fe2O3和CuO相发生了一定程度的离析,Cu的助剂作用减弱,使催化剂在合成气气氛下难于还原碳化. 催化剂在n(H2)/n(CO)=0.67,GHSV=2.0 L/(g·h),p=1.5 MPa和θ=250 ℃下的浆态床F-T合成反应评价结果表明,升高焙烧温度,催化剂的初活性和最高活性下降,但运行稳定性提高,而且有效地抑制了CH4的生成,明显促进了烃产物向高碳数方向移动. 反应600 h后卸载下的催化剂的形貌观测表明,催化剂的磨损主要是由化学磨损引起的,提高焙烧温度可明显改善其抗磨损性能,焙烧温度高于400 ℃时,催化剂具有较好的抗磨损性能.     

Inside Cover: Self‐Template‐Directed Formation of Coordination‐Polymer Hexagonal Tubes and Rings,and their Calcination to ZnO Rings (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 8/2009)

Hexagonal tubes and rings with unusual shapes were generated through a unique self‐template‐directed growth mechanism. As described by M. Oh and co‐workers in the Communication on page 1459 ff., initially formed solid coordination polymer particles (CPPs) act as templates for the growth of the final hexagonal tubes and rings. Simple calcination of these unusually shaped CPPs results in the spontaneous formation of ZnO particles while the unique shape is maintained.