Transesterification of canola oil over Li/Ca-La mixed oxide catalyst: Kinetics and calcination temperature investigations

In this research, a solid 1%Li/Ca-La mixed oxide catalyst was prepared using co-precipitation method followed by wet impregnation. The prepared catalyst was used in the transesterification reaction of canola oil and methanol for biodiesel synthesis. The effects of calcination and reaction temperatures were investigated on the activity of the catalyst. In addition, rate of the reaction was studied through a kinetic model for which parameters were determined. Surface properties and structure of the catalyst were characterized through the powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry/derivative thermogravimetry (TG/DTG), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. All these emphasized that the performance of the catalyst corresponded to the generation of the active sites and their thermal activation.     

焙烧温度对Pd-Cu/凹凸棒土CO常温催化氧化性能的影响

以凹凸棒土(APT)作载体,采用等体积浸渍法制备了Pd-Cu/APT催化剂,以CO氧化为探针反应,在连续流动微反装置上,考察了焙烧温度对催化剂CO常温催化氧化性能的影响。通过N2-物理吸附、XRD、TG、FT-IR和H2-TPR等手段对催化剂的结构和性质进行了表征。结果表明,随焙烧温度升高,Pd-Cu/APT中载体逐步脱水,进而引起催化剂结构和织构变化,其中,Cu物种由Cu(OH)Cl逐渐向CuO转变,同时,高分散的Pd物种与Cu物种间相互作用先增强后减弱。经300℃焙烧的催化剂比表面积大,Cu物种以Cu(OH)Cl形式存在,且具有良好的分散状态,与Pd物种之间产生较强的相互作用,显著提高了其还原性能。在空速6 000 h-1、CO体积分数0.5%、水蒸气体积分数3.3%的反应条件下,常温可将CO完全转化800 min以上。焙烧温度高于或低于300℃均引起CO常温催化氧化性能的下降。     

焙烧温度对Ni/γ-Al_2O_3还原条件及催化甲苯水蒸气重整反应的影响

研究了焙烧温度对Ni/γ-Al2O3还原条件及催化甲苯水蒸气重整反应的影响。结果表明,焙烧温度对催化剂的还原条件及性能具有重要影响。700℃焙烧的催化剂在680℃的反应温度下表现出良好的反应性能,在不进行预还原的情况下仍保持了很高的催化活性及稳定性,其中,甲苯转化率达99%。并使用BET、XRD、TG-DTG等表征方法对反应前后的催化剂进行表征,随着焙烧温度的升高,催化剂比表面积降低、总孔容减小、平均孔径增大、镍与载体的结合程度逐渐增强、NiAl2O4含量逐渐增多,这是焙烧温度影响催化剂还原条件的主要原因。最后通过TEM、XPS对700℃焙烧的催化剂的结构进行了进一步的分析。     

PDP用蓝色荧光粉SrMgAl10O17:Eu2+的制备与发光性能研究

以Eu2O3(AR)、Sr(NO3)2(AR)、Mg(NO3)2.6H2O(AR)、Al(NO3)3.9H2O(AR)为原料,NH4HCO3为沉淀剂,采用化学共沉淀法制备前驱物,经一次煅烧制备出蓝色荧光粉SrMgAl10O17:Eu2+。用X射线衍射仪、荧光分光光度计分别测试样品结构与发光性能。结果表明:在1 200℃下煅烧即可生成六方结构的SrMgAl10O17:Eu2+,比高温固相法煅烧温度低300℃;其发射光谱最强峰在470 nm,Eu2+的最佳掺杂摩尔分数为10%;选用H3BO3为助熔剂,可提高粉体发光强度,其最佳质量分数为1.5%。     

柠檬酸凝胶法合成Ni-ZrO_2催化剂及其低温浆态床甲烷化性能研究

采用柠檬酸凝胶法制备不同温度焙烧的Ni-ZrO_2催化剂,考察了催化剂的表面性质和结构对低温浆态床CO甲烷化性能的影响.结果表明,随着焙烧温度的升高,催化剂的比表面积和孔容逐渐减小,金属Ni分散度先增加后减小,Ni晶粒先减小后增大.450℃焙烧的Ni-ZrO_2催化剂金属Ni分散度最高、Ni物种与载体ZrO_2的相互作用最强、对反应物CO分子的吸附作用适中且脱附量大,在260℃、1.0 MPa和H_2/CO摩尔比为3的条件下,CO转化率达到61.6%,且催化活性稳定,750℃焙烧的催化剂反应后金属Ni团聚且晶粒长大,导致催化剂失活.     

ICP-MS测定屠宰场废水中总磷的方法研究

屠宰场废水中有机质含量高且颜色深,采用常规污水分析方法-消解分光光度法测定总磷较为繁琐.通过蒸干-灼烧法对样品进行前处理,使用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)方便快速地测定出屠宰场废水中总磷的含量.经实际样品验证,加标回收率为95.2%~102.0%.方法测定结果准确可靠,测定范围宽且效率高,对分析工作者具有一定的借鉴意义和参考价值.     

Fabrication and Characterization of Sulphur-doped Graphitic Carbon Nitride Nanosheets as a Highly Selective and Ultrasensitive Electrochemical Sensor for Detection of 2,4-Dinitrophenol in Real Gym Supplements

Herein, an effective template assisted calcination procedure has been adopted to synthesize the Sulphur-doped graphitic carbon nitride (S_XGCN). Furthermore, the S_XGCN/GCE was then utilized for the electrochemical determination of 2,4-Dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP). It has been inferred that among the variously prepared S_XGCN (x=0 %, 20 %, 40 %, 60 %, 80 %, and 100 %), S₈₀GCN afforded the excellent electrochemical response for detection of 2,4-DNP. The synthesized S_XGCN/GCE (x=80 %) demonstrates with a low detection limit of 0.9083 μM with linear range of 1–90 μM. Furthermore, the practical application of this sensor was successfully proved by detecting spiked 2,4-dinitrophenol in a real gym supplements sample.     

The Role of Infrared Spectroscopy and X-Ray Diffraction Analysis in the Investigation of the Influence of Fluorides on the Process of Calcination of Aluminium Hydroxide

The aim of this work was to check the possibility that by use of infrared spectroscopy the influence of fluorides on the calcinations process of aluminum hydroxide can be followed. The DTA method shows it clearly. It was, namely, found that the added fluoride influences the process of polymorphous transformation of the formation of α-Al₂O₃ from Al(OH)₃. According to DTA, IR, and X-ray analyses, it was found that the added fluoride lowers the temperature of the mentioned transformation for some 300 degrees.

For this purpose recorded were IR spectra and X-ray difractograms of pure AI(OH)3 as well as of such samples with added fluoride, in this case of AlF₃, in the range of 0. 1 to 10 per cent. The samples were examined in the temperature range of 298 to 1673 K in different time intervals.     

新型CaO／MgO高温CO2吸收剂的循环反应特性

本文采用3种方法制备了新型复合CaO／MgO吸收剂，考察了不同制备方法对复合钙基吸收剂碳化／煅烧循环反应性能的影响。结果表明，不同制备方法能决定了钙基吸收剂中CaO颗粒与MgO颗粒在微观层面上的不同均匀混合程度，因此得到吸收剂的性能差异巨大。采用溶胶凝胶燃烧合成法制备的CaO／MgO吸收剂的性能明显优于其他两种常见方法...     

Multicyclic study on the carbonation of CaO using different limestones

Different samples of limestones, with small differences in their stoichiometry, have been studied comparatively. The carbonation reaction has been studied for a large area of isothermal temperatures. The conditions for the multicyclic experiments of calcination/carbonation were: isothermal temperature 670°C, heating time 60 min and carrier gas CO₂. The final carbonation conversion depends mainly on the isothermal temperature of the carbonation reaction and the heating time. The final temperature of the calcination reaction depends on the percentage of CaO that it has not been conversed to CaCO₃ in the repeated carbonation experiments. The quantity of CaO that has not been carbonated, in the same sample, affects the values of the coefficients of the kinetic model that fit the calcination reaction. In the multicyclic experiments the carbonation conversion for two of the four studied samples, was high enough in comparison to other samples of calcite. At sample A the reduction of the carbonation conversion during the first five cycles is less than it is at other samples from the literature. Under the above experimental conditions — isothermal temperature and heating time — specific samples consisted mainly of calcite can absorb larger quantities of CO₂ than samples consisted mainly of dolomite.