Performance and characterization of iron-nickel catalysts for light olefin production

A series of x (Fe, Ni)/Al2O3 catalysts (x = 2--12 wt%) were prepared using incipient wetness method and studied for the conversion of synthesis gas to light olefins. 6 wt%(Fe, Ni)/Al2O3 catalyst was found to be the optimal catalyst for the production of C2--C4 olefins. The effects of calcination behaviors and operational conditions on the catalytic performance of the optimal catalyst were investigated. The best operational conditions were molar feed ratio H2/CO = 2/1, T = 260 ℃, gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) = 2600 h-1 and the pressure of 3 bar. Characterizations of both precursors and catalysts were carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD), temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), N2-adsorption-desorption measurement, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).     

Methanation of syngas over coral reef-like Ni/Al_2O_3 catalysts

Coral reef-like Ni/Al2O3 catalysts were prepared by co-precipitation of nickel acetate and aluminium nitrate with sodium carbonate aqueous solution in the medium of ethylene glycolye.Methanation of syngas was carried out over coral reef-like Ni/Al2O3 catalysts in a continuous flow type fixed-bed reactor.The structure and properties of the fresh and used catalysts were studied by SEM,N2 adsorption-desorption,XRD,H2-TPR,O2-TPO,TG and ICP-AES techniques.The results showed that the coral reef-like Ni/Al2O3 catalysts exhibited better activity than the conventional Ni/Al2O3-H2O catalysts.The activities of coral reef-like catalysts were in the order of Ni/Al2O3-673>Ni/Al2O3-573>Ni/Al2O3- 473>Ni/Al2O3-773.Ni/Al2O3-673-EG catalyst showed not only good activity and improved stability but also superior resistance to carbon deposition,sintering,and Ni loss.Under the reaction conditions of CO/H2(molar ratio)=1:3,593 K,atmospheric pressure and a GHSV of 2500 h-1,CH4 selectivity was 84.7%,and the CO conversion reached 98.2%.     

Magnesia Binder Preparation from Local Natural and Technogenic Raw Materials

The preparation of magnesia binders based on natural and technogenic mineral was the result of the research. The obtained magnesia binders possess the increased flexural and compressive strength which values are close to ones of natural materials. High flexural and compression strengths are associated with the features of the hardened caustic dolomite containing magnesium oxyhydrochlorides which crystallize as a fiber. The fibrous crystals not only increase the cement strength, but also act as a reinforcing material. The resulting magnesia binder does not require a moist environment at hardening. It is characterized by decorativeness and ecological compatibility, has a neutral hardening product composition.     

Hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde over bimetallic Au-Cu/CeO2 catalyst under a mild condition

Bimetallic Au_xCu_y/CeO₂ (x/y=3/1, 1/1, and 1/3) catalysts were prepared by direct anion exchange (DAE), following impregnation (IMP) methods, and used for selective hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde. The effects of pretreatments, such as calcination or reduction on the catalytic activities of these catalysts were investigated. XRD and HRTEM showed that for the reduced catalysts, there is the formation of an Au-Cu alloy. HAADF-STEM displayed that reduction pretreatment leads to a very homogenous distribution of Au and Cu on the external catalyst surface. Reaction parameters, such as CAL concentration, the stirring speed, nature of the solvent influence the catalytic activities. Pretreatments lead to a major effect on CAL conversion and HCAL selectivity. Catalysts Au_xCu_y/CeO₂pretreated under reduction display higher CAL conversion and HCAL selectivity than that of under calcination mainly due to the synergistic effect resulting in a formation of Au-Cu alloy.     

焙烧温度对甲醇水蒸气重整制氢Ce/Cu/Zn-Al水滑石衍生催化剂的影响

采用原位合成法在γ-Al_2O_3载体表面上合成了Zn-Al水滑石,再采用顺序浸渍法制备了一系列Ce/Cu/Zn-Al催化剂,并采用XRD、BET、H_2-TPR和XPS等手段对催化剂进行了表征,考察了焙烧温度对Ce/Cu/Zn-Al催化剂表面结构及其催化甲醇水蒸气重整制氢性能的影响。结果表明,焙烧温度主要影响了催化剂的Cu比表面积、表面氧空穴含量和Cu-Ce间相互作用。当焙烧温度为500℃时,催化剂Cu的比表面积较大,表面氧空穴含量较多,Cu-Ce间相互作用较强,因此,催化甲醇水蒸气重整制氢活性较好。当焙烧温度升高到700℃时,Cu物种主要以稳定的CuAl_2O_4尖晶石形式存在,不利于甲醇水蒸气重整制氢反应的进行,因此,催化活性较差。     

焙烧温度对MgAlOx复合氧化物催化甲醛和乙醛合成正丙醛反应性能的影响

采用共沉淀法制备了镁铝水滑石前驱体,通过在不同温度下焙烧得到系列MgAlO_x复合氧化物催化剂,采用XRD、TG、N₂吸附-脱附、NH₃-TPD和CO₂-TPD等技术对催化剂的物理和化学性质进行了表征,采用甲醛和乙醛缩合反应对催化剂反应性能进行了评价。结果表明,随着焙烧温度的提高,乙醛转化率以及正丙醛时空收率先增加后减少,C-550催化剂最大,分别达到39.22%和103.86 g/（kg·h）,这与催化剂中强碱和强碱数目变化趋势一致。此外,提高催化剂中强碱和强碱数目还会促进副产物甲醇和CO₂的生成。     

PDP用蓝色荧光粉SrMgAl10O17:Eu2+的制备与发光性能研究

以Eu2O3(AR)、Sr(NO3)2(AR)、Mg(NO3)2.6H2O(AR)、Al(NO3)3.9H2O(AR)为原料,NH4HCO3为沉淀剂,采用化学共沉淀法制备前驱物,经一次煅烧制备出蓝色荧光粉SrMgAl10O17:Eu2+。用X射线衍射仪、荧光分光光度计分别测试样品结构与发光性能。结果表明:在1 200℃下煅烧即可生成六方结构的SrMgAl10O17:Eu2+,比高温固相法煅烧温度低300℃;其发射光谱最强峰在470 nm,Eu2+的最佳掺杂摩尔分数为10%;选用H3BO3为助熔剂,可提高粉体发光强度,其最佳质量分数为1.5%。     

柠檬酸凝胶法合成Ni-ZrO_2催化剂及其低温浆态床甲烷化性能研究

采用柠檬酸凝胶法制备不同温度焙烧的Ni-ZrO_2催化剂,考察了催化剂的表面性质和结构对低温浆态床CO甲烷化性能的影响.结果表明,随着焙烧温度的升高,催化剂的比表面积和孔容逐渐减小,金属Ni分散度先增加后减小,Ni晶粒先减小后增大.450℃焙烧的Ni-ZrO_2催化剂金属Ni分散度最高、Ni物种与载体ZrO_2的相互作用最强、对反应物CO分子的吸附作用适中且脱附量大,在260℃、1.0 MPa和H_2/CO摩尔比为3的条件下,CO转化率达到61.6%,且催化活性稳定,750℃焙烧的催化剂反应后金属Ni团聚且晶粒长大,导致催化剂失活.     

ICP-MS测定屠宰场废水中总磷的方法研究

屠宰场废水中有机质含量高且颜色深,采用常规污水分析方法-消解分光光度法测定总磷较为繁琐.通过蒸干-灼烧法对样品进行前处理,使用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)方便快速地测定出屠宰场废水中总磷的含量.经实际样品验证,加标回收率为95.2%~102.0%.方法测定结果准确可靠,测定范围宽且效率高,对分析工作者具有一定的借鉴意义和参考价值.