Effect of Filtrated Osmotic Solution Based on Concentrated Chokeberry Juice and Mint Extract on the Drying Kinetics,Energy Consumption and Physicochemical Properties of Dried Apples

Background: Filtration of osmotic solution affects selective penetration during osmotic dehydration (OD), and after drying is finished, this can influence the chemical composition of the material, which is also modified by OD. Methods: Osmotic dehydration was carried out in filtrated and non-filtrated concentrated chokeberry juice with the addition of mint infusion. Then, this underwent convective drying, vacuum-microwave drying and combined convective pre-drying, followed by vacuum-microwave finishing drying. Drying kinetics were presented and mathematical models were selected. The specific energy consumption for each drying method was calculated and the energy efficiency was determined. Results and Discussion: The study revealed that filtration of osmotic solution did not have significant effect on drying kinetics; however, it affected selective penetration during OD. The highest specific energy consumption was obtained for the samples treated by convective drying (CD) (around 170 kJ·g⁻¹ fresh weight (fw)) and the lowest for the samples treated by vacuum-microwave drying (VMD) (around 30 kJ·g⁻¹ fw), which is due to the differences in the time of drying and when these methods are applied. Conclusions: Filtration of the osmotic solution can be used to obtain the desired material after drying and the VMD method is the most appropriate considering both phenolic acid content and the energy aspect of drying.     

Precise Size‐Selective Sieving of Nanoparticles Using a Highly Oriented Two‐Dimensional Supramolecular Polymer

The development of size‐selective membranes with well‐defined nanopores towards the precise separation of nanometer‐sized substances is a challenging task to achieve. Here a supramolecular membrane is presented that comprises a highly oriented, honeycomb‐like, 2D supramolecular polymer on a polycarbonate filter support. It enables precise size‐selective sieving of colloidal nanoparticles (NPs). Owing to the uniform parallel‐aligned nanocavities within the 2D supramolecular polymers, the composite membrane shows a high size‐selectivity with a sub‐nanometer accuracy in the cutoff size of about 4.0 nm. In principle, the species of size‐separable particles are unlimited, as demonstrated by quantum dots, noble metal, and metal oxide NPs. This supramolecular membrane combined with filtration advances the potential of NPs in terms of their monochromatic emission and size monodispersity, and also enables rapid removal of small magnetic NP adsorbents that are otherwise difficult to capture.     

中和颗粒可压缩性颗粒层模型

本文针对可压缩颗粒层建立了二维数值模型.首先利用颗粒层中颗粒间的相互位置关系,建立了每一个颗粒的力平衡方程,获得了每一个颗粒的受力大小,然后提出了颗粒层坍塌判据,在此基础上,建立了描述颗粒层的沉积-压缩-沉积的动态过程的可压缩颗粒层模型,模型计算结果表明,颗粒层压缩现象主要发生在下部区域,过滤速度越高、范德华力越小,颗粒层越易坍塌,并且颗粒层的压降出现了脉动,模型结果符合已知的实验结果.     

Uptake and Reduction of Arsenate by Dunaliella sp.

Uptake and reduction of arsenate [AS(V)] by Dunaliella sp. cells were determined to investigate the metabolic processes of arsenic in the alga. Cellular uptake of arsenic by Dunaliella sp. cells was markedly affected by the form of arsenic in the medium. The content of arsenic taken up by Dunaliella sp. cells increased rapidly with time on addition of As(V) to the medium. However, in the case of addition of arsenite [As(III)], the gradient of arsenic uptake by Dunaliella sp. cells was low, and arsenic content was small. In the water-soluble fraction of arsenic taken up by Dunaliella sp. cells with exposure to As(V), arsenic was in the forms of organic arsenic, As(V) and As(III). The content of As(V) in the water-soluble fraction increased with exposure time. The content of As(III) also increased with time, but remained constant after 5 h of exposure. On the other hand, organic arsenic content was small and did not increase with time. It was found that Dunaliella sp. takes up As(V) and readily reduces it to As(III)     

高效凝胶过滤色谱法分离测定豆薯种子蛋白

用高效凝胶蛋白往分离豆薯种子蛋白租提液,结合光电二极管阵列检测器对分离的蛋白峰进行紫外光谱扫描来确认蛋白的纯度,测定了3种蛋白的分子量,采用邻苯二甲醛（OPA）柱后衍生法测定了豆薯种子蛋白的氨基酸含量。     

国家监测网方法测定地表水中总磷与国标法差异及改进

比较了国家地表水环境质量监测网总磷测定方法与国标法的差异。浊度补偿与过滤两种去除浊度方法测定结果的绝对偏差为-0.02~0.07 mg/L,其中含细颗粒物较多的样品绝对偏差较大,为0.04~0.07 mg/L,因此采用过滤法时,需对含较多细颗粒物的水样进行浊度补偿。对国家地表水环境质量监测网方法进行了改进,将原来的过滤后定容改为定容摇匀后过滤。方法改进前后,样品测定值的相对偏差不大于3.4%,绝对偏差为-0.01~0.02 mg/L。改进后的方法与原方法测定结果没有显著差异,但改进后方法浊度贡献减少,试剂用量减半,而且可操作性强,更加简便和环境友好。     

高效凝胶过滤色谱填料KH-s-GFC300的合成与评价

以碱溶法制备的高孔隙度硅胶为基质,与γ-环氧丙基丙氧基三甲氧基硅烷配基进行共价键合,经过酸性水解,使其转化为二醇基,制成了高效亲水凝胶色谱填料。键合反应中采用70 ℃回流冷凝管,使生成的甲醇可顺利地排到体系外,促使反应向有利于键合的方向进行,以获得较高的配基密度。研究表明,水解反应条件与配基密度以及柱效密切相关。当配基密度为2.6~3.5 μmol/m2时,才能显示出较高的柱效。蛋白质分离实验结果显示,此填料的相对分子质量排阻极限为300000,牛血清白蛋白的回收率为99％。     

奇Hamiltonian型滤过李超代数HO

本文应用象空间极小维数的方法研究了Cartan型模李超代数HO的非平凡可迁滤过(HO,R)的不变性.应用滤过的不变性得到模李超代数HO的某些内蕴性质,从而得到此类李超代数在同构意义下的分类.     

Solid-state fermentation for production of phytase by Rhizopus oligosporus

Solid-state fermentation of coconut oil cake has been carried out with Rhizopus oligosporus for the production of phytase. Phytase is used commercially in the animal feed industry to improve animal performance because there is a substantial and growing interest among swine and poultry producers in the application of phytase to improve the nutritional quality in animal feeds. Demonstrated benefits include improved feed yield ratios and reduction in the environmental costs associated with the disposal of animal wastes. We report the production of extracellular phytase by R. oligosporus under solid-state fermentation using coconut oil cake as substrate. Maximal enzyme production (14.29 U/g of dry substrate) occurred at pH 5.3, 30°C, and 54.5% moisture content after 96 h of incubation. The addition of extra nutrients to the substrate resulted in inhibition of product formation. The results indicate the scope for production of phytase using coconut oil cake as solid substrate without additional nutrients.