儿童常用蜡笔中可溶性铅、镉的测定

采用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定了儿童常用蜡笔中可溶性铅、镉的含量。铅在0.05～10.00μg·mL~(-1)之间,镉在0.02～4.00μg·mL~(-1)之间具有良好的线性关系。方法的RSD≤4.13％。回收率在93.7％～104.5％之间,测定快速简便,结果准确。可用于蜡笔中可溶性铅、镉含量的监测。     

Spectrophotometric determination of trace amounts of cadmium using Cd(II)-KI-Crystal violet system in the presence of triton X-100 and PVA

A new highly sensitive spectrophotometric method for determination traces of cadmium using Cd-(II)-KI-Crystal Violet system in the presence of Triton X-100-poly(vinyl) alcohol (PVA) mixture has been developed. The apparent molar absorptivity of the system is 1.77 × 10⁵ 1-mol^–1 cm^–1 and its Sandell's sensitivity is 6.35 × 10^–4 g·Cd·cm^2–. Beer's law is obeyed up to 0.32 g·Cd(II)·ml^–1. The method has been applied to determine Cd(II) in waste water, rice and pork meat samples with satisfactory results.     

偏硅酸镉的自激活发光

利用高温固相法合成了一种具有自激活发光行为的CdSiO3基质.对样品进行了X射线衍射分析和光谱分析.光谱分析结果表明,在偏硅酸镉的发射光谱中存在三个自激活发光峰,它们分别位于380,467和560nm处,另外,通过热释光谱技术讨论了偏硅酸镉中的缺陷及相关机理.在热释光谱中有两个明显的热释峰,分别位于448和563K,它们的陷阱深度分别为0 58和0 61eV,表明了在偏硅酸镉中存在着不同的陷阱,这些陷阱的存在导致了偏硅酸镉的自激活发光.     

Multinuclear Magnetic Resonance Study of Zinc(II) and Cadmium(II) Complexing with Isothiocyanate

A study of zinc(II) and cadmium(II) complexes with isothiocyanate ion has been completed, using a low-temperature, multinuclear magnetic resonance technique that permits the observation of separate resonance signals for bound and free ligand, and Cd(II) metal ion. The Zn²⁺–NCS^– complexes were studied by ¹H, ¹³C, and ¹⁵N NMR spectroscopy. In the ¹H spectra, the intensity of the coordinated water signal, corresponding to a Zn(II) hydration number of six in the absence of NCS^–, decreases dramatically as this anion is added, indicating the complexing process involves more than a simple 1:1 ligand replacement. The ¹³C and ¹⁵N NMR spectra reveal signals for four species, most reasonably assigned to a series of tetrahedrally coordinated Zn²⁺–NCS^– complexes. In the Cd²⁺–NCS^– solution spectra, the ¹³C and ¹⁵N signals for four complexes also are observed and they are three line patterns, corresponding to a doublet from ¹¹³Cd J-coupling, and a dominant central peak, resulting from bonding to magnetically inactive Cd isotopes. The ¹¹³Cd spectra, showing signals for four complexes, correlate well in all respects with the ¹³C and ¹⁵N results, including coupling in specific cases. The spectral results for both metal ions reflect binding at the nitrogen atom of NCS^–, with the complexes changing from an octahedral to a tetrahedral configuration when doing so. Confirming evidence for these conclusions also was provided by several infrared measurements of these metal–ion systems.     

Kinetic peculiarities of redox reactions sensitized by colloidal CdS under steady-state irradiation. The effect of adsorption-desorption processes on the reaction

Photoreduction of Methyl Orange dye (MOr) by sodium sulfide was studied under steady-state photolysis ( = 365 nm). The reaction was sensitized by the CdS colloid with the characteristic 5-nm particle size. The quantum yield of the reaction is independent of the light intensity when the latter is less than 5 mW cm^–2. The form of the dependence of the initial quantum yield of the reaction on [MOr] coincides qualitatively with the adsorption isotherm of the dye on the CdS surface. The reaction kinetics under steady-state irradiation were analyzed. The kinetics in solution as a whole are shown to be adequate to those on a single colloidal particle. On the basis of the experimental data, two types of surfaces of the colloidal particles are suggested (open and covered with macromolecules of a colloid stabilizer), which significantly differ in the rate at which they establish an adsorption-desorption equilibrium with the solution.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2, pp. 244–254, February, 1995.This work was financially supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Project No. 93-03-4816).     

Suppression of Rice Cryptochrome 1b Decreases Both Melatonin and Expression of Brassinosteroid Biosynthetic Genes Resulting in Salt Tolerance

We investigated the relationship between the blue-light photoreceptor cryptochrome (CRY) and melatonin biosynthesis by generating RNA interference (RNAi) transgenic rice plants that suppress the cryptochrome 1b gene (CRY1b). The resulting CRY1b RNAi rice lines expressed less CRY1b mRNA, but not CRY1a or CRY2 mRNA, suggesting that the suppression is specific to CRY1b. The growth of CRY1b RNAi rice seedlings was enhanced under blue light compared to wild-type growth, providing phenotypic evidence for impaired CRY function. When these CRY1b RNAi rice plants were challenged with cadmium to induce melatonin, wild-type plants produced 100 ng/g fresh weight (FW) melatonin, whereas CRY1b RNAi lines produced 60 ng/g FW melatonin on average, indicating that melatonin biosynthesis requires the CRY photoreceptor. Due to possible feedback regulation, the expression of melatonin biosynthesis genes such as T5H, SNAT1, SNAT2, and COMT was elevated in the CRY1b RNAi lines compared to the wild-type plants. In addition, laminar angles decreased in the CRY1b RNAi lines via the suppression of brassinosteroid (BR) biosynthesis genes such as DWARF. The main cause of the BR decrease in the CRY1b RNAi lines seems to be the suppression of CRY rather than decreased melatonin because the melatonin decrease suppressed DWARF4 rather than DWARF.     

Shape-controlled synthesis of 3D and 1D structures of CdS in a binary solution with L-cysteine's assistance

A facile L-cysteine-assisted route was designed for the selectively controlled synthesis of 1D and novel, interesting 3D CdS spherical nanostructures constructed from CdS nanorods (or nanopolypods) in a binary solution. By controlling reaction conditions such as the molar ratio between Cd(OAc)2 and L-cysteine and the volume ratio of the mixed solvents, the synthesis of various 3D architectural structures and 1D wirelike structures in large quantities can be controlled. This is the first reported case of the direct growth of novel 3D self-assemblies of CdS nanorods (or nanopolypods). The morphology, structure, and phase composition of the as-prepared CdS products were examined by using various techniques (X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected-area electron diffraction (SAED), high-resolution TEM, and Raman spectroscopy). On the basis of the results from TEM studies and our analysis, we speculate that in the present synthesis the L-cysteine dominates nucleation growth and the ethylenediamine (en)-dominated, oriented-assembly process. Interestingly, the products obtained show a gradient evolution in color from light-yellow to dark-yellow, which implies that their intrinsic optical properties change, possibly due to variations in their special morphologies and structures. This facile solution-phase L-cysteine-assisted method could be extended for the controlled preparation of other metal chalcogenides nanostructures with complex morphologies.     

Hydrothermal Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a Novel Binuclear Cd(Ⅱ) Coordination Polymer Based on 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylate and Imidazole

The hydrothermal reaction of Cd(OAc)2·H2O with 1,2-benzenedicarboxylate(1,2-BDC),imidazole and H2O resulted in the formation of a binuclear polymeric Cd(Ⅱ) complex {[Cd2(1,2-BDC)2(Im)4]·(H2O)}n which was then characterized by elemental analyses and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.The crystal is of monoclinic system,space group P21/c with a = 14.6455(3),b = 9.3530(2),c = 23.7838(5) ,β = 106.6290(10)°,C112H104Cd8N32O36,Mr = 3373.47,V = 3121.64(11) 3,Dc = 1.795 g/cm3,F(000) = 1672,μ = 1.428 cm-1 and Z = 1.The final R = 0.0316 and wR = 0.0687 for 5045 reflections with I > 2σ(I).In the title complex,the two Cd(Ⅱ) ions are in different coordination environments with distorted octahedral and pengonal bipyramidal geometries,respectively.Two Cd polyhedra are linked together through one μ2-η1:η1 and one μ2-η1:η2 carboxylate groups from different 1,2-BDC ligands,giving rise to a binuclear Cd(Ⅱ) cluster,and such clusters are connected by bridged 1,2-BDC ligands to form a 2-D structure along the c axis.The inter-and intermolecular hydrogen bonds further connect the 2-D structures into a 3-D supramolecular network.     

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a Two-dimensional Cadmium(Ⅱ)Coordination Polymer:[Cd(AIP)(Bpy)]n·nBpy(H2AIP=5-Aminoisophthalic Acid,Bpy=2,2'-Bipyridyl)

A two-dimensional coordination polymer,[Cd(AIP)(Bpy)]n·nBpy,Was hydrother-mally synthesized by the reaction of hydrate cadmium acetate with 5-aminoisophthalic acid,lithium hydroxide,vanadiumpentoxide,sodium chloride and 2,2'-bipyridyl in water solution.It crystallizes in orthorhombic,space group C2221,absolute structure parameter 0.00(7),with a=15.336(4),b=22.390(6),C=14.257(3)(A),v=4896(2)(A)3,C28H21CdN5O4,Mr=603.90,Z=8,F(000)=2432,Dc=1.639 g/cm3,μ=0.939 mm-1,T=298(2)K,S=1.001,R=0.0296 and wR=0.08 13 for 5522 observed reflections(I＞2o(I)).In the title complex,each 5-aminoisophthalate ligand bridges three cadmium(Ⅱ)ions to form a two-dimensional layer structure.