Studies on the Effects of Additional Components on Micellization of CTAB via Surface Tension Measurements

The effects of Tris-HCl buffer solution on the cmc of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) were studied by surface tension measurement. The result shows that the effect of the buffer solution depends on the interaction between CTAB and NaCl and the structure accelerants of water, Tris. A series of parameters, including the critical micelle concentration (cmc), the surface tension at cmc (γ_cmc), the adsorption efficiency (pC₂₀), and the effectiveness of surface tension reduction (∏_cmc) were obtained from the surface tension measurements in the presence of glycine with different concentration in the Tris-HCl buffer solution at 27°C. In addition, maximum surface excess concentration (Γ _max) and minimum surface area per molecule (A_min) at the air-water interface were estimated according to the Gibbs adsorption isotherm. The thermodynamic parameters (Δ C _p,m , Δ H _m,tr , Δ C _p,m,tr ) of micellization for CTAB in the absence and presence of glycine at different temperature were also been obtained.     

有机溶剂/缓冲液两相体系中全细胞催化拆分环氧氯丙烷

研究了有机溶剂/缓冲液两相体系中重组大肠杆菌E.coli BL21 (DE3)全细胞水解动力学拆分外消旋环氧氯丙烷制备(R)-环氧氯丙烷的过程.结果表明,最适反应条件为:最适有机溶剂异辛烷与缓冲液的体积比7:3,最适缓冲液pH 8.0,底物浓度574mmol/L,全细胞加入量0.07g湿菌体/ml溶液,温度30℃.在此条件下于1L反应器中反应45min,(R)-环氧氯丙烷的摩尔产率、光学纯度和时空产率分别达到37.5%,99.3%ee和0.286mol/(L·h).与单一水相体系相比,异辛烷/缓冲液两相体系中底物浓度和(R)-环氧氯丙烷时空产率分别提高了55.2%和98.6%.     

Calcium Carbonate Dissolution from the Laboratory to the Ocean: Kinetics and Mechanism

The ultimate fate, over the course of millennia, of nearly all of the carbon dioxide formed by humankind is for it to react with calcium carbonate in the world's oceans. Although, this reaction is of global relevance, aspects of the calcite dissolution reaction remain poorly described with apparent contradictions present throughout the expansive literature. In this perspective we aim to evidence how a lack of appreciation of the role of mass-transport may have hampered developments in this area. These insights have important implications for both idealised experiments performed under laboratory conditions and for the measurement and modelling of oceanic calcite sediment dissolution.     

Binding Characteristics Study of DNA based Aptamers for E. coli O157:H7

E. coli O157:H7 is a pathogenic bacterium producing verotoxins that could lead to serious complications such as hemolytic uremia syndrome. Fast detection of such pathogens is important. For rapid detection, aptamers are quickly gaining traction as alternative biorecognition molecules besides conventional antibodies. Several DNA aptamers have been selected for E. coli O157:H7. Nonetheless, there has not been a comparative study of the binding characteristics of these aptamers. In this work, we present a comprehensive analysis of binding characteristics including binding affinity (K_d) and binding capacity (B_max) of DNA-based aptamers for E. coli O157:H7 using qPCR. Our results show that aptamer E18R has the highest binding capacity to E. coli 157:H7 and the highest specificity over non-pathogenic E. coli strains K12 and DH5α. Our study also finds that the common biotin-tag modification at 5′ end typically changes the binding capacity significantly. For most of the selected aptamers, the binding capacity after a biotin-tag modification decreases. There exists a discrepancy in the binding capability between the selected aptamer and the aptamer used for detection. Our study also shows that a lower concentration of Mg²⁺ ions in the binding buffer leads to a decrease in the binding capacity of E17F and E18R, while it does not affect the binding capacity of S1 and EcoR1.     

磷酸钾缓冲溶液与模型细胞膜相互作用的和频光谱

利用和频光谱技术详细研究了磷酸钾缓冲溶液与带负电荷的生物仿生膜(d₅₄-DMPG磷脂双层膜)相互作用的实时过程．通过监控CD₂、CD₃、磷脂分子头部的磷酸根以及羰基官能团的光谱信号随加入磷酸钾缓冲溶液的实时变化,获得了磷脂双层膜分子结构的动力学变化．结果表明K⁺能够结合到细胞膜上,并且很快地引起了CD₂、CD₃、磷脂头部磷酸根以及羰基官能团信号的变化．根据各官能团的和频信号响应,磷酸钾缓冲溶液很可能是通过在双层膜中形成环形气孔来与磷脂双层膜发生作用．该结果可以很好地解释磷酸钾缓冲溶液环境下的离子协助蛋白质的跨膜过程．     

ZnS作为空穴缓冲层的新型有机发光二极管

采用磁控溅射方法在ITO表面沉积了不同厚度的ZnS超薄膜作为有机发光二极管(OLEDs)的缓冲层,使典型结构(ITO/TPD/Alq3/Al)的OLEDs的发光性能得到改善。ZnS缓冲层厚度对器件性能影响的实验结果表明,当ZnS缓冲层厚度为5nm时,器件电流密度提高了近2倍,亮度提高了2倍;当ZnS缓冲层厚度为10nm时,器件发光的电流效率提高18%,器件的性能得到改善。宽禁带的ZnS缓冲层对空穴从阳极到有机功能层的注入有阻碍作用,促进器件载流子平衡,提高了器件发光效率,改善了器件性能。     

基于队列式缓存结构的视频图像存储算法

针对视频图像数据实时存储过程中普遍存在的丢帧问题,通过深入分析典型的存储算法,找出实时存储过程中视频图像数据丢失的原因：计算机在连续存储相同大小的文件时,存储速度在一定的范围内波动.本文采用队列式缓存结构有效地消除了存储速度波动所带来的影响,保证了在数据流速小于磁盘平均存储速度的前提下,高速视频图像数据的实时存储,解决了丢帧问题.实践验证了该算法的可行性与可靠性.     

Development and characterization of a magnetic bead-quantum dot nanoparticles based assay capable of Escherichia coli O157:H7 quantification

The development and characterization of a magnetic bead (MB)-quantum dot (QD) nanoparticles based assay capable of quantifying pathogenic bacteria is presented here. The MB-QD assay operates by having a capturing probe DNA selectively linked to the signaling probe DNA via the target genomic DNA (gDNA) during DNA hybridization. The signaling probe DNA is labeled with fluorescent QD₅₆₅ which serves as a reporter. The capturing probe DNA is conjugated simultaneously to a MB and another QD₆₅₅, which serve as a carrier and an internal standard, respectively. Successfully captured target gDNA is separated using a magnetic field and is quantified via a spectrofluorometer. The use of QDs (i.e., QD₅₆₅/QD₆₅₅) as both a fluorescence label and an internal standard increased the sensitivity of the assay. The passivation effect and the molar ratio between QD and DNA were optimized. The MB-QD assay demonstrated a detection limit of 890 zeptomolar (i.e., 10⁻²¹ mol L⁻¹) concentration for the linear single stranded DNA (ssDNA). It also demonstrated a detection limit of 87 gene copies for double stranded DNA (dsDNA) eaeA gene extracted from pure Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157:H7 culture. Its corresponding dynamic range, sensitivity, and selectivity were also presented. Finally, the bacterial gDNA of E. coli O157:H7 was used to highlight the MB-QD assay's ability to detect below the minimum infective dose (i.e., 100 organisms) of E. coli O157:H7 in water environment.     

磷酸盐洗脱液再生IMAC-Cu蛋白质芯片

使用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和蛋白质芯片检测系统考察了磷酸盐洗脱液pH值和竞争洗脱剂对IMAC-Cu蛋白质芯片再生的影响。 结果表明,随着磷酸盐洗脱液pH值降低,芯片所吸附的蛋白质越容易被去除,但对芯片表面化学结构的破坏也随之加剧。 在洗脱液中加入竞争洗脱剂乙二胺四乙酸（EDTA）或甘氨酸（Gly）可有效改善蛋白质的洗脱效果。 当磷酸盐洗脱液pH=6.5、竞争洗脱剂为0.02 mol/L EDTA、洗脱时间72 h时,芯片的再生效果最佳。     

弱酸HA与弱碱B-混合溶液缓冲能力分析*

计算了几个常见一元弱酸HA和一元弱碱B-混合溶液的pH,并对其缓冲能力进行了分析。结果表明,HA-B-溶液在一定的浓度条件下,具有一定的缓冲能力。当酸电离常数之比KHA/KHB接近1时,HA-B-溶液中主要存在HA-A-和HB-B- 2个缓冲对。随着KHA/KHB逐渐增大,B-的浓度越来越小,当KHA/KHB大于1 000时,HA-B-溶液主要存在的是HA-A-缓冲对。