硫酸盐型盐湖卤水天然制取软钾镁矾

根据我国盐湖的自然气候条件和资源特点,以Na、K、Mg/Cl、SO_4-H_2O五元体系25℃介稳相图为依据,提出了一条经调节卤水组成后,藉盐田天然日晒蒸发获得软钾镁矾的新工艺途径。文中给出了在窒内于模拟野外条件下进行实验的结果。过程中钾的回收率可达80％以上。     

盐卤硼酸盐化学——ⅩⅤ.氯柱硼镁石在30℃水中的溶解和相转化过程

对氯柱硼镁石(2MgO·2B_2O_3·MgCl_2·14H_2O)在30℃时水中溶解和相转化过程的研究结果表明,该复盐在水中呈现不同步溶解.首先溶脱掉MgCl_2·6H_2O,生成中间产物MgO·B_2O_3·4H_2O.随后发生转化,最终结晶产物是多水硼镁石.在给出溶解转化结晶动力学方程的基础上提出溶解转化结晶反应机制.     

Toxicity of triorganotin compounds to the brine shrimp,Artemia salina

The 14 triorganotin compounds that were screened against the brine shrimp, Artemia salina, were least effective against the first nauplii stage (24 h). This was attributed to the presence of a yolk membrane which reduced the contact between the triorganotin compounds and the organism. The data indicated that the species responsible for the toxicity is primarily the hydrated triorganotin cation. However, the anion X group may also play a minor role in the toxicity of these compounds. The observed order of activity for the triorganotins does not parallel their hydrophobicities, indicating that other factors must be involved in the toxicity mechanism. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

HPLC-DAD Based Polyphenolic Profiling and Evaluation of Pharmacological Attributes of Putranjiva roxburghii Wall.

The current study was intended to explore the phytochemical profiling and therapeutic activities of Putranjiva roxburghii Wall. Crude extracts of different plant parts were subjected to the determination of antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, cytotoxic, and protein kinase inhibitory potential by using solvents of varying polarity ranges. Maximum phenolic content was notified in distilled water extracts of the stem (DW-S) and leaf (DW-L) while the highest flavonoid content was obtained in ethyl acetate leaf (EA-L) extract. HPLC-DAD analysis confirmed the presence of various polyphenols, quantified in the range of 0.02 ± 0.36 to 2.05 ± 0.18 μg/mg extract. Maximum DPPH scavenging activity was expressed by methanolic extract of the stem (MeOH-S). The highest antioxidant capacity and reducing power was shown by MeOH-S and leaf methanolic extract (MeOH-L), respectively. Proficient antibacterial activity was shown by EA-L extract against Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli. Remarkable α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition potential was expressed by ethyl acetate fruit (EA-F) and n-Hexane leaf (nH-L) extracts, respectively. In case of brine shrimp lethality assay, 41.67% of the extracts (LC₅₀ < 50 µg/mL) were considered as extremely cytotoxic. The test extracts also showed mild antifungal and protein kinase inhibition activities. The present study explores the therapeutic potential of P. roxburghii and calls for subsequent studies to isolate new bioactive leads through bioactivity-guided isolation.     

大柴旦富硼浓缩盐卤中硼酸镁盐稀释结晶动力学

采用动力学法研究了富硼浓缩盐卤稀释过程硼酸镁盐的结晶动力学,重点探讨了温度、稀释比和硼浓度对结晶过程的影响。利用单纯形优化法配合Runge-Kutta微分方程组数值解法对实验数据进行拟合,给出了结晶动力学方程和结晶速率。结果表明,低温、高硼浓度和中间稀释比有利于硼酸镁盐的结晶析出,最优条件下析硼率(以B_2O_3计)高达88%;结晶速率随硼浓度的增加和温度的降低快速增大;反应级数表明稀释结晶过程硼酸镁盐结晶主要受多核表面反应控制,同时提出了结晶相转化机理。     

Solid-liquid Equilibria in the Quaternary System Na＋, K＋//Br-, B4O72--H2O at 298 K

According to the compositions of the underground gasfield brines in the west of Sichuan Basin, the solu- bilities and densities of the solid-liquid equilibria in the quaternary system Na＋, K＋//Br-, B4O72--H2O at 298 K were determined by the method of isothermal solution saturation. From the experimental data, the phase diagram, water content diagram and density-composition diagram were obtained. This quaternary system is of simple eutectic type, without double salt and solid solution. There are two invariant points, five univariant curves, four fields of crystalli- zation in the system. The equilibrium solid phases are Na2BaO7·10H20, K2B4O7·4H2O, NaBr·2H2O and KBr. Na2B4O7·10H2O has a larger crystallization field, and NaBr·2H2O has a smaller crystallization field. It is also found that bromide has the salting-out effect on borate in the quaternary system Na＋, K＋//Br-, B4O72--H2Oat 298 K.     

Isothermal Evaporation of Quaternary System Li^＋, K^＋, Mg^2＋//Cl^--H2O at 348K

The solubilities of the quaternary system Li^＋,K^＋,Mg2^＋//Cl^--H2O were investigated at 348 K via isothermal evaporation.The densities and refractive indices of its equilibrated solution were also determined experimentally.On the basis of the obtained data,the metastable phase diagram,the water content diagram,the diagrams of the density and refractive index against the composition of this quaternary system were constructed.The quaternary system Li^＋,K^＋,Mg^2＋//Cl^--H2O at 348 K belongs to a complex type with the formation of two carnallite double salts,which are potassium carnallite（K-carnallite） and lithium carnallite（Li-carnallite）.There are five salts like potassium chloride （KCl）,lithium chloride monohydrate（LiCl.H2O）,bischofite（MgCl2·6H2O）,K-carnallite（KCl·MgCl2·6H2O） and Li-carnallite（LiCl·MgCl2·7H2O）,seven unvariant curves named AH3,BH2,CH3,DH1,EH1,H1H2 and H2H3,and three invariant points,namely H1,H2 and H3,included in this metastable phase diagram.Comparisons between the stable phase diagram at 298 K and metastable phase diagram at 348 K of this quaternary system show that all the crystalline forms of the salts are not changed,whereas the crystallization areas of salts are changed significantly with temperature.The scope of KCl crystallization increases from 82% to 95% and that of K-carnallite decreases from 15.80% to 0.32% along with the temperature increasing from 298 K to 348 K,respectively.     

Extraction of Lithium from Salt Lake Brine with Triisobutyl Phosphate in Ionic Liquid and Kerosene

Three ionic liquids(ILs), namely, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, 1-butyl-3-me- thylimidazolium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sul- fonyl]imide with the triisobutyl phosphate(TIBP) and kerosene system were respectively used to extract lithium ion from salt lake brine with a high concentration ratio of magnesium and lithium experimentally. Results indicate that the highest extraction selectivity for lithium was obtained with IL 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis[(trifluoromethyl)- sulfonyl]imide. The effects of solution pH and phase ratio R(O/A) on the extractive step and the influence of acid concentration of the stripping solution and R(O/A) on the back extraction step were also investigated systematically. The single-step extraction efficiency of lithium ion was 83.71% under the optimal extraction conditions, and the single-step back extraction efficiency was 85.61% with a 1.0 mol/L HCl in 1.0 mol/L NaCl medium as stripping agent at R(O/A)=2. The liquid-liquid extraction mechanism and the complex of the ligand with lithium were proposed.     

Study of the Evaporation of a Brine Involving the System Na+, Mg2+, K+, Cl−, S 4 2− –H2O: Crystallisation of oceanic salts

The evaporation of a Tunisian brine sample involving the system Na⁺, Mg²⁺, K⁺, Cl^–, S ₄ ^2– –H₂O was studied under atmospheric pressure and at ambient temperature. The selective densities of precipitation of halite (NaCl) and of co-precipitation of halite and astrakanite (Na₂Mg(SO₄)₂·4H₂O), halite and kaïnite (MgSO₄·KCl·H₂O) and epsomite MgSO₄·7H₂O were determined.During the evaporation of the studied brine, calculations related to the hypothetical composition of the solution in terms of the simple salts NaCl, MgSO₄, KCl and MgCl₂.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

合成盐湖卤水体系Li-Na-K-Mg-Cl-SO_4-H_2O25℃下的等压研究和离子相互作用模型的应用

根据我国青海一里坪和东台吉乃尔盐湖晶间卤水Li-Na-K-Mg-Cl-SO_4-H_2O体 系的组成制备了两种合成卤水储备溶液，采用等压法和改进的实验装置在25 ℃下 ，从稀释到溶液中溶质NaCl达到饱和的浓度范围，对合成卤水溶液进行了等压测定 ，确定了它们的水活度a_(H_2O)，和渗透系数ψ；比较了两种卤水的热力学性质及 其变化的规律，揭示了其天然卤水浓度差异的物理化学成因。用盐湖卤水体系离子 作用模型对水活度、渗透系数的计算值与本文的实验数据比较，对于一里坪和东台 合成卤水，渗透系数的标准偏差分别为0.0078和0.0145；用该模型计算了东台晶间 卤水，及其在25 ψ等温蒸发实验不同阶段的浓缩卤水中，离子强度从9.766到20. 52mol·kg~(-1)范围可能析出的盐类的饱和度，给出了其变化规律，并与文献的盐 类沉积和析盐顺序相比较，获得了合理一致的结果，从而证实了我们在Pitzer离子 相互作用模型基础上所发展的盐湖卤水体系模型对描述和预测复杂天然盐湖卤水体 系的热力学性质和蒸发析盐规律的适用性。