无机离子交换法从卤水中提锂的研究进展

无机离子交换法主要适合于从含锂较低的卤水中提取锂,是开发我国盐湖锂资源的重要研究方向之一。重点介绍了国内外无机离子交换法从卤水中提锂的研究进展,并指出了提锂的技术关键和发展方向。     

盐湖卤水体系势力学和相平衡研究进展

我国青藏高原的盐湖卤水以富含硼、锂而闻名于世。其卤水大多属于Ｌｉ＾＋、Ｎａ＾＋、Ｋ＾＋、Ｍｇ＾＋（Ｃａ＾２＋）／Ｃｌ＾－,ＣＯ３＾２－（ＨＣＯ３＾－）、ＳＯ４＾２－,ｂｏｒａｔｅ－Ｈ２Ｏ体系。它具有某些特殊的性质,被称之为“盐湖卤水体系”。它的研究在理论和实践上都有重要价值。我们对其热力学和相平衡进行了长期研究,积累了大量数据。用Ｐｉｔｚｅｒ电解质溶液模型描述了这一体系的热力学和相平衡及其它物化性     

盐湖卤水体系热力学和相平衡研究进展*

我国青藏高原的盐湖卤水以富含硼、锂而闻名于世。其卤水大多属于Li⁺、Na⁺、K⁺、Mg²⁺(Ca²⁺)/Cl^-,CO^2-₃(HCO^-₃)、SO^2-₄,borate-H₂O体系。它具有某些特殊的性质,被称之为“盐湖卤水体系”。它的研究在理论和实践上都有中药价值。我们对其热力学和相平衡进行了长期研究,积累了大量数据。用Pitzer电解质溶液模型描述了这一体系的热力学和相平衡及其它物化性质。以Li⁺,K⁺,Mg²⁺/Cl^-,SO^2-₄-H₂O,体系25^。C时相平衡的预测为例,证明模型的可信性和用途。     

盐湖卤水硼同位素测定中硼的二次离子交换分离

根据盐湖卤水水化学特点,介绍了一种用阳、阴离子交换树脂,动态和静态交换相结合,对盐湖卤水中的硼进行分离纯化的简易方法。用该方法从盐湖卤水中分离出来的硼足以满足同位素质谱分析的需要,分离过程不产生同位素分馏,获得了理想的实验结果。     

NaCl-KCl-H2O体系的体积性质及其与Pitzer模型的相关性研究(英文)

本文用高精度数字式振荡管密度计测定了288～323K范围内NaCl-KCl混合溶液的密度,溶液的离子强度范围从0.1到4mol·kg^-1。用密度实验值计算了三元体系的超额体积并拟合得到了实验温度和浓度范围内的Pitzer模型参数,模型计算值与实验值的偏差在±0.0004g·cm^-3以内。用Pitzer模型计算了不同离子强度下三元体系在298.15K下的混合体积。     

Understanding the Antilymphoma Activity of Annona macroprophyllata Donn and Its Acyclic Terpenoids: In Vivo,In Vitro,and In Silico Studies

Annona macroprophyllata Donn (A. macroprophyllata) is used in traditional Mexican medicine for the treatment of cancer, diabetes, inflammation, and pain. In this work, we evaluated the antitumor activity of three acyclic terpenoids obtained from A. macroprophyllata to assess their potential as antilymphoma agents. We identified the terpenoids farnesyl acetate (FA), phytol (PT) and geranylgeraniol (Gg) using gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) and spectroscopic (¹H, and ¹³C NMR) methods applied to petroleum ether extract of leaves from A. macroprophyllata (PEAm). We investigated antitumor potential in Balb/c mice inoculated with U-937 cells by assessing brine shrimp lethality (BSL), and cytotoxic activity in these cells. In addition, to assess the potential toxicity of PEAm, FA, PT and Gg in humans, we tested their acute oral toxicity in mice. Our results showed that the three terpenoids exhibited considerable antilymphoma and cytotoxic activity. In terms of lethality, we determined a median lethal dose (LD₅₀) for thirteen isolated products of PEAm. Gg, PT and AF all exhibited a higher lethality with values of 1.41 ± 0.42, 3.03 ± 0.33 and 5.82 ± 0.58 µg mL⁻¹, respectively. To assess cytotoxic activity against U-937 cells, we calculated the mean cytotoxic concentration (CC₅₀) and found that FA and PT were closer in respect to the control drug methotrexate (MTX, 0.243 ± 0.007 µM). In terms of antilymphoma activity, we found that FA, PT and Gg considerably inhibited lymph node growth, with median effective doses (ED₅₀) of 5.89 ± 0.39, 6.71 ± 0.31 and 7.22 ± 0.51 mg kg⁻¹ in females and 5.09 ± 0.66, 5.83 ± 0.50 and 6.98 ± 0.57mg kg ⁻¹ in males, respectively. Regarding acute oral toxicity, we classified all three terpenoids as category IV, indicating a high safety margin for human administration. Finally, in a molecular docking study of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, we found binding of terpenoids to some amino acids of the catalytic site, suggesting an effect upon activity with a resulting decrease in the synthesis of intermediates involved in the prenylation of proteins involved in cancer progression. Our findings suggest that the acyclic terpenoids FA, PT, and Gg may serve as scaffolds for the development of new treatments for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.     

Synthesis,spectral investigation and biological interphase of drug‐based cytotoxic square pyramidal coordination compounds

We have synthesized ciprofloxacin‐based metal complexes of bipyridine derivatives [Cu(CFL)(Aⁿ)Cl].2H₂O (where CFL = ciprofloxacin and A = bipyridines e.g. A¹ = 4‐(4‐fluorophenyl)‐6‐p‐tolyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine, A⁶ = 4‐(4‐(benzyloxy)phenyl)‐6‐(4‐bromophenyl)‐2,2′‐bipyridine, etc.). The ligands and complexes were characterized using analytical (C, H, N elemental analysis, TGA and magnetic measurement) and spectroscopic methods (¹H and ¹³C NMR, FT‐IR, fast atom bombardment mass and reflectance spectroscopy). The products were evaluated by screening for DNA interaction activity on herring sperm DNA and studies suggest intercalative mode of DNA binding. The antimicrobial activity was determined in terms of minimum inhibitory concentration. Superoxide dismutase mimic studies were performed using the NADH/PMS/NBT system. The brine shrimp bioassay was also carried out to study the in vitro cytotoxic properties of the synthesized metal complexes. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Comparative Study of Wetting and Cooling Performance of Polymer–Salt Hybrid Quench Medium With Conventional Quench Media

Wetting kinetics, kinematics, and cooling performance of a polymer–salt hybrid quenchant were investigated. The rewetting phenomenon for brine, water, polymer, and polymer–salt hybrid solutions was characterized as rapid uniform, fast non-uniform, slow uniform, and fast uniform processes, respectively. A dimensionless rewetting time was proposed to assess the nature of the wetting front. The hybrid quenchant showed higher heat transfer during vapor and transition boiling and lower heat transfer during nucleate boiling and convective cooling. The presence of salt in the hybrid solution resulted in early destabilization of the vapor film and an increase in wetting front velocity and rewetting temperature. The polymer constituent delayed the rewetting phenomenon.     

t-BAMBP萃取法分离提取高钾卤水中铷

为解决盐湖卤水中的铷与大量的性质极为相近的碱金属元素钾、钠、锂、铯共存给分离带来的困难,以t-BAMBP为萃取剂,萃取分离了高钾卤水中铷钾,考察了稀释剂种类、萃取剂浓度、碱度、相比、时间等相关因素对分离的影响。结果表明,选定二甲苯体系,1 mol/Lt-BAMBP,碱度1 mol/L NaOH,相比3/1,萃取时间2 min等条件下获得纯度达99.8%RbCl。铷萃取率97.0%,反萃取率98.4%,总回收率为95.5%。     

LiMn_2O_4离子筛成型及锂吸附性能

采用PVC为粘结剂制备了LiMn_2O_4离子筛球型颗粒,分析了PVC添加量对离子筛吸附性能的影响,并通过扫描电境(SEM)、静态和动态连续锂吸附实验研究了PVC粘结剂对离子筛形貌和锂离子吸附性能的影响。结果表明,SMO-a、SMO-b和SMO-P样品的锂离子静态吸附数据与Lagergren方程吻合良好,吸附速率常数依次为1.03×10~(-5)、1.06×10~(-5)s~(-1)和9.72×10~(-6)s~(-1)SMO-a样品的静态饱和吸附量达到2.50 mmol·g~(-1),PVC造粒对离子筛的静态条件下的饱和吸附容量和吸附速率影响很小,但连续动态操作条件下SMO-a的吸附容量降低为1.11 mmol·g~(-1);经盐酸洗涤脱附后,Li~+最大富集倍数约为9。