水溶性聚合物和两亲聚合物：聚（丙烯酰胺－co－丙烯酸钠）－g－聚（β－胺基丙酸）接枝共聚物

合成了端丙烯酰胺基聚（β－胺基两酸）大分子单体，用端基滴定法和１Ｈ—ＮＭＲ法测定了大分子单体的分子量，用１３Ｃ—ＮＭＲ和氢氧化钠水解法测定了支化度．在水溶液中用硫酸亚铁／异丙苯过氧化氢氧化还原引发体系引发丙烯酸胺、丙烯酸钠与聚（β－胺基丙酸）大分子单体的共聚反应，合成了聚（丙烯酰胺－ｃｏ－丙烯酸钠）－ｇ－聚（β－胺基丙酸）接枝共聚物．用１Ｈ—ＮＭＲ和滴定法测定了接枝共聚物的组成．溶液性质的数据表明，与部分水解聚丙烯酰胶相比，聚（β－胺基丙酸）含量较高的接枝共聚物具有较好的耐盐性和优异的贮存稳定性．     

西藏当雄错碳酸盐型盐湖卤水自然蒸发析盐规律研究

盐湖卤水中蕴藏有许多重要的无机盐资源,是多种无机化学品的重要来源。当雄错盐湖是我国藏北高原典型的碳酸盐型盐湖,卤水中蕴藏有丰富的锂、钾、硼等盐类,当地气候条件非常适宜采用盐田相分离技术进行盐湖卤水的综合开发和利用。本文以Na+,K+/CO32-,SO42-,Cl--H2O五元体系(25℃)介稳相图为指导,通过对当雄错盐湖卤水在湖区现场开展自然蒸发实验研究,考察了卤水中Li、K、B等元素的浓缩富集规律,获得了卤水夏季自然蒸发结晶路线及析盐次序为石盐、水碱、天然碱、钾石盐、钾芒硝、硼砂和碳酸锂,同时分析了夏、冬季卤水自然蒸发浓缩析盐规律的区别,为指导西藏当雄错碳酸盐型盐湖卤水的综合开发利用提供了盐田工艺设计基础和理论依据。     

Radiolysis and corrosion of238Pu-doped UO2 pellets in chloride brine

Deaerated 5 M NaCl solution is irradiated in the presence of UO₂ pellets with α-radiation from²³⁸Pu. Experiments are conducted with²³⁸Pu doped pellets and others with²³⁸Pu dissolved in the brine. The radiolysis products and yields of mobilized U and Pu from the oxidative dissolution of UO₂ are determined. Results found for radiolysis products and for the oxidation/dissolution of pellets immersed in Pu containing brine are similar to results for Pu doped pellets, where the radiation chemical processes occur only in the liquid layer of some 10 σm thickness adjacent to the pellet. The yield of radiolysis products is comparable to earlier results, that of mobilized U from the pellets is < 1% of the total amount of oxidized species. Thus, the radiation chemical yield (G-value) for mobilized hexavalent U is < 0.01 ions/100 eV. In spite of the low radiation yield for the corrosion, the rate of UO₂dissolution is higher than expected for the concentrations of long-lived oxidizing radiolysis compounds found in the solutions.     

固相萃取高效液相色谱质谱法测定海水中烷基酚和烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚

建立了固相萃取-高效液相色谱-电喷雾质谱分析海水中辛基酚、壬基酚、辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚和壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚的方法。海水样品经C18固相萃取柱富集净化后,以甲醇-水为流动相,在Hypersil GOLD色谱柱上分离,电喷雾质谱在选择离子监测模式下分析目标化合物,采用外标法定量。结果表明,4种化合物的平均加标回收率为59.6%～104.4%,相对标准偏差(RSD, n=3)为1.0%～13.5%;仪器检出限为0.08～3 μg/L。将本方法用于大连海岸6个采样点海水中辛基酚、壬基酚、辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚和壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚的检测发现,样品中壬基酚和壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚均有检出,且油港和海港附近海水中的含量较高。     

川西凹陷雷口坡组稀土元素特征及其意义

对川西凹陷丰卤1井雷口坡组岩屑样品进行了稀土元素(REE)的分析.结果表明,通过REE参数∑REE、LREE、HREE、w(LREE)/w(HREE)、w(LaN)/w(YbN)、δ Ce和δ Eu的比较,雷口坡组∑REE与LREE和HREE的变化呈正相关,LREE占∑REE的74%,对∑REE的变化起主要影响作用;R...     

Upward migration of sodium chloride by crystallization on non-porous surfaces

Experiments involving sodium chloride precipitation on inclined non-porous surfaces above evaporating brine have shown that salt crystals form a conduit which can wick electrolyte to higher elevations. The extent of the salt precipitate on an inclined surface is controlled by the availability of source brine and the relativity humidity of the air, maintaining a partially fluid connection between the non-porous surface and salt precipitate. These observations may shed light on how salt is able to migrate through completely unsaturated soils without the prior assistance or addition of interstitial pore water.     

DOUBLE DIFFUSIVE CONVECTION IN A SEMICIRCULAR SLICE WITH INTERNAL HEAT GENERATION IN ONE OR BOTH LAYERS

Experiments were performed on convection in a two-layer, stably stratified pool, in the SIMECO experimental facility: a semicircular slice vessel, with internal heat generation in one or both layers. The objective was to study the effect of stratification on the heat transfer to the boundaries of the pool. Effects of miscibility or immiscibilty of the layers and the density difference between the layers were investigated. The stratification with miscible fluids was established using salt water and pure water and that for immiscible fluids was established using pure water and paraffin oil. The concentration of salt in the upper layer was measured using a conductivity probe. The results show that the presence of an interface significantly changes the heat flux distribution along the downward/sideward (semicircular) boundary, decreasing the ratio of up/down heat fluxes by a factor of 4. The mixing of the interface, when both the layers are internally heated, is complete only when Ri h 5. The mixing times for the two layers, when only the lower layer is internally heated are correlated by a simple relation between the fluid parameters and the heat input.     

氧化-原子发射光谱快速测定油田水中微量碘

柴达木盆地西部的南翼山地区油田水中碘资源丰富,有极大的开发利用价值。该油田水盐度高,组成复杂,现有碘的分析方法难以满足研究工作的需求,建立准确分析南翼山油田水中碘浓度的方法是开展相关研究工作的基础和关键。电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱（ICP-AES）具有分析快速、线性范围宽、样品基体影响小等优势。然而,由于碘属于高电离能元素,ICP-AES直接测定碘的灵敏度低、检出限高,不能满足样品中微量碘的分析要求。借助自行设计加工的用于ICP-AES集进样、化学反应和气液分离三种功能为一体的进样装置（其具有组成合理、结构紧凑的优点）,将碘离子氧化为碘单质导入ICP-AES中测定,在提高有效进样量的同时降低了样品基体对碘测定的影响,从而大幅降低了碘的检出限,建立了ICP-AES快速测定油田水中微量碘的方法。优化了氧化碘离子为碘单质所用酸和氧化剂的浓度,最佳反应试剂为10 mmol·L-1 NaNO₂和1 mol·L-1 HNO₃。I 178.276 nm处的检出限为1.65 μg·L-1,一次测定所需时间三分钟。采用部分因子实验设计详细研究了南翼山油田水中主要共存离子（如钾、钠、钙、镁、锂、锶、铵）及它们之间的交互作用对碘分析的影响。在95%置信水平下,发现钙对碘的测定存在显著性影响。通过对样品进行适当的稀释可以消除钙和其他组分对碘准确测定的影响。采用标准曲线法将建立方法应用于南翼山不同蒸发浓缩阶段实际油田水中碘的分析,测定结果表明加标回收率为90%～104%。实验建立的分析方法具有简便快速、基体干扰小、准确度高等优点,为油田水中微量碘的测定提供了一种新的方法,对于卤水碘基础数据的获得和碘分离提取工艺具有重要意义。     

A Model for Deep Geothermal Brines,II: Thermodynamic Properties – Density

This paper is the second in a sequence which develops a model of hot, high-pressure geothermal brines largely modelled on a common salt solution. The first paper described the T-p-X state-space. This paper proposes density correlations for a wide range of temperature T, pressure p and mass fraction of sodium chloride X. Using experimental and calculated data, formulae which closely approximate the density are given in terms of the primary variables T, p and X. These correlations cover the entire T-p-X state-space and can be used in subroutines suitable for use in numerical simulation programs.     

Antilymphoma Effect of Incomptine A: In Vivo,In Silico,and Toxicological Studies

Incomptine A (IA) is a sesquiterpene lactone isolated from Decachaeta incompta that induces apoptosis, reactive oxygen species production, and a differential protein expression on the U-937 (diffuse histiocytic lymphoma) cell line. In this work, the antitumor potential of IA was investigated on Balb/c mice inoculated with U-937 cells and through the brine shrimp lethality (BSL) test. Furthermore, IA was subjected to molecular docking study using as targets proteins associated with processes of cancer as apoptosis, oxidative stress, and glycolytic metabolism. In addition to determining the potential toxicity of IA in human, its acute toxicity was performed in mice. Results reveals that IA showed high antilymphoma activity and BSL with an EC₅₀ of 2.4 mg/kg and LC₅₀ 16.7 µg/mL, respectively. The molecular docking study revealed that IA has strong interaction on all targets used. In the acute oral toxicity, IA had a LD₅₀ of 149 mg/kg. The results showed that the activities of IA including antilymphoma activity, BSL, acute toxicity, and in silico interactions were close to the methotrexate, an anticancer drug used as positive control. These findings suggest that IA may serve as a candidate for the development of a new drug to combat lymphoma.