Solid-liquid Equilibria in the Ternary System (NaCl+SrCl2+H2O) and (KCl+SrCl2+H2O) at 288.15 K and 0.1 Mpa

Solid-liquid phase equilibria of the two ternary systems (NaCl+SrCl₂+H₂O) and (KCl+SrCl₂+H₂O) at T=288.15 K and p=0.1 MPa were studied using the isothermal dissolution equilibrium method. Solubilities of the equilibrium liquid phase were determined, and the solids were also investigated by the Schreinemaker method of wet residues. In the ternary system (NaCl+SrCl₂+H₂O) at 288.15 K, there is one invariant point corresponding to (NaCl+SrCl₂·6H₂O) and two crystallization regions corresponding to NaCl and SrCl₂·6H₂O. The crystallized area of SrCl₂·6H₂O decreased with the increasing temperature, while that of NaCl increased slightly. In the ternary system (KCl+SrCl₂+H₂O) at 288.15 K, there is one invariant point(KCl+SrCl₂·6H₂O) and two crystallization regions corresponding to KCl and SrCl₂·6H₂O. Both systems belong to a simple eutectic type, and neither double salts nor solid solutions were formed. On the basis of Pitzer-Harvie-Weare model, the solubilities of the two systems at 288.15 K were demonstrated. A comparison showed that the calculated solubilities agreed well with the experimental data.     

Solid–liquid Equilibria in the Quaternary System Na+, Mg2+//Cl–, SO2–4–H2O at 25 and 30°C

The isoplethic sections in the diagram of the quaternary system Na⁺ , Mg²⁺ //Cl^– , SO^2– ₄ –H₂ O were established at 25 and 30oC by analytical and conductometric measurements. Three compounds can be observed in the isoplethic sections: NaCl, Na₂ SO₄ and MgNa₂ (SO₄ )₂ 4 H₂ O. Seven fields are determined, relating to the precipitation of one, two or three salts. The solubility range of MgNa₂ (SO₄ )₂ 4 H₂ O is wide, while the liquidus curve of Na₂ SO₄ is very short. The compositions, expressed in Jänecke coordinates, at the eutonic and peritonic points, respectively, were: 42.70% Cl^– and 745% H₂ O; 79.47% Cl^– and 787% H₂ O; 71.6% Cl^– and 744% H₂ O at 25°C; and 48.80% Cl^– and 715% H₂ O; 80.20% Cl^– and 778% H₂ O; 70.14% Cl^– and 707% H₂ O at 30°C.     

Multiphase Thermohaline Convection in the Earth’s Crust: II. Benchmarking and Application of a Finite Element – Finite Volume Solution Technique with a NaCl–H2O Equation of State

We present the benchmarking of a new finite element – finite volume (FEFV) solution technique capable of modeling transient multiphase thermohaline convection for geological realistic p-T-X conditions. The algorithm embeds a new and accurate equation of state for the NaCl–H₂O system. Benchmarks are carried out to compare the numerical results for the various component-processes of multiphase thermohaline convection. They include simulations of (i) convection driven by temperature and/or concentration gradients in a single-phase fluid (i.e., the Elder problem, thermal convection at different Rayleigh numbers, and a free thermohaline convection example), (ii) multiphase flow (i.e., the Buckley–Leverett problem), and (iii) energy transport in a pure H₂O fluid at liquid, vapor, supercritical, and two-phase conditions (i.e., comparison to the U.S. Geological Survey Code HYDROTHERM). The results produced with the new FEFV technique are in good agreement with the reference solutions. We further present the application of the FEFV technique to the simulation of thermohaline convection of a 400°C hot and 10 wt.% saline fluid rising from 4 km depth. During the buoyant rise, the fluid boils and separates into a high-density, high-salinity liquid phase and a low-density, low-salinity vapor phase.     

MgO－B_2O_3－MgCl_2－H_2O体系与盐酸滴定反应的研究

ＭｇＯ－Ｂ２Ｏ３－ＨｇＣｌ２－Ｈ２Ｏ是含硼盐湖日晒浓缩盐卤的典型体系，它与盐酸反应生成硼酸，是从天然浓缩盐卤中制取硼酸的工艺基础，以量热滴定法和ｐＨ滴定法研究该反应，结果表明，析出硼酸的反应分两步进行；合成盐卤中硼酸盐可以用ＭｇＢ２ｎＯ（３ｎ＋１）（ｎ＝１，２，３）综合统计形式来表示；天然浓缩盐卤中硼酸盐可以用四硼酸镁的统计形式进行表示．     

盐卤硼酸盐化学--Ⅳ.浓缩盐卤中析出的新硼酸盐固相

本工作采用模拟合成盐卤硼酸盐的方法,配合多种物理分析法进行物相鉴定,确认浓盐卤析出硼酸盐固相是由两种硼酸盐组成。其中一种硼酸盐的化学式为MgO·3B_2O_3·7H_2O,另一种是未见报导的新硼酸盐,化学式为2MgO·2B_2O_3·MgCl_2·14H_2O。这种含氯化镁的硼酸镁水合复盐的晶粒细小,电镜下呈针柱状,我们给出了它的伦琴射线粉晶衍射数据,红外光谱和热重分析结果,在差示热分析曲线上出现两个明显的晶型转变放热峰,与柱硼镁石(MgO·B_2O_3·3H_2O)的差示热分析曲线类似。     

盐卤硼酸盐化学——Ⅶ.盐卤在天然冷冻析盐过程中硼酸盐的行为

某硼酸盐盐湖卤水经日晒蒸发到不同析盐阶段,分别取泻盐和钾盐饱和卤水在实验盐田中储存越冬。前者在天然冷冻析出泻盐之后,当卤水中硼含量达到1.69％MgB_4O_7,温度为-21℃时开始结晶析出MgO·3B_2O_37 1/2H_2O。对于后者,当硼含量为2.43％MgB_4O_7,温度为-17℃时开始结晶析出MgO·3B_2O_3·7 1/2H_2O。     

盐湖卤水提锂分离材料的研究进展

采用吸附或离子交换技术直接从中低锂含量盐湖卤水中提取锂是最经济、最理想的提锂技术路线,寻找、研究性能优异的锂的吸附分离材料,是实现这一技术路径的关键。重点阐述了离子交换与吸附法提锂的各种分离材料,并指出了盐湖卤水提锂今后的研究方向。     

南翼山油田卤水低温结晶过程研究

自行设计搭建了一套油田水低温冷冻实验设备, 使用该设备研究了南翼山油田原始卤水在-18.90 °C到-30.90 °C范围内的结冰析盐过程, 精确测量了油田水随温度降低第一种和第二种固相的析出温度. 化学分析得到了该温度范围内Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺、K⁺、Cl^-、B₂O₃、Na⁺六种常量组分在液相中的含量变化趋势. 使用低温X射线衍射法对原始卤水在低温下得到的固相进行了初步的鉴定, 并对南翼山油田水的低温相变过程进行了实时监测. 实验结果表明: 南翼山油田水降温至-19.10 °C析出第一种盐NaCl·2H₂O, 降至-23.55 °C同时析出冰和NaCl·2H₂O.     

红外水分仪在浓盐水零排放检测中测试参数的优化

对红外水分仪在浓盐水"零排放"检测中测试参数进行优化,并对蒸发和结晶循环浓盐液、结晶固体盐中固体含量进行测定。选择与样品浓度接近的氯化钠标准样品为试样,以平均总固体含量为9.48%、平均质量浓度为101.00 g/L(接近烘箱法结果 )时的程序作为最优测量程序。优化后的干燥温度为180℃,关闭参数为全自动模式1mg/(24 s)或半自动模式2 mg/(24 s)。红外水分仪法简便快速,能直接读取固体含量,可为浓盐水"零排放"、资源回收再利用提供可靠的检测数据。