河口混合与泥沙输运

根据振荡边界层理论和波流分解方法,导出了河口往复水流的流速垂向分布廓线,据此建立了河口垂向准二维水流、盐度、泥沙运动模型。对泥沙输运,完整地考虑了其对流、扩散、起动和沉降的动力学过程。模拟结果与实测资料进行了对比。应用该模型研究河口泥沙输运,分析了河口混合对泥沙输运的影响及最大浑浊带的时空变化规律。     

复配絮凝剂对荷叶水提液的絮凝工艺研究

为了克服传统中药提取工艺中有效成分损失率高的缺点,提高药液的澄清度和药效,优化生产工艺,采用絮凝法对中药水提液进行除杂,并在实验中将絮凝剂壳聚糖与单宁复合使用,以水提液的絮凝率和黄酮损失率为衡量指标.通过正交实验,得出最优操作条件为壳聚糖投加量为1.071 g·L-1,单宁投加量为5.3579 g·L-1,温度为30℃,搅拌转数为60 r·min-1.在此基础上研究了各个因素随絮凝工艺条件的变化趋势及对絮凝效果的影响.实验结果表明,用复配絮凝剂处理荷叶水提液能够有效去除杂质,降低黄酮损失率,缩短生产周期.     

Bridging the scales in nano engineering and science

This review article describes various multiscale approaches, development of which was spurred by the emergence of nanotechnology. The multiscale approaches are grouped into two main categories: information-passing and concurrent. In the concurrent multiscale methods both, the discrete and continuum scales are simultaneously resolved, whereas in the information-passing schemes, the discrete scale is modelled and its gross response is infused into the continuum scale. Most of the information-passing approaches provide sublinear computational complexity, (i.e., scales sublinearly with the cost of solving a fine scale problem), but the quantities of interest are limited to or defined only on the coarse scale. The issues of appropriate scale selection and uncertainty quantification are also reviewed.     

Synthesis and structure of cluster compounds containing a novel cluster core {Re4STe3}

Three novel cluster compounds K₄[Re₄STe₃(CN)₁₂]·₄H₂O (I), [{Cu(en)₂}₂Re₄STe₃(CN)₁₂]·₅H₂O (II) and [{Cu(trien)}₂Re₄STe₃(CN)₁₂]·2H₂O (III) (en is ethylenediamine, trien is triethylenetetraamine) containing a new cluster core {Re₄STe₃} have been prepared and structurally characterized. According to single crystal X-ray diffraction data, compound I is ionic and represents the arrangement of ions K⁺ and [Re₄STe₃(CN)₁₂]^4?; compounds II and III are molecular and formed by two cationic moieties {Cu(en)₂}²⁺ and {Cu(trien)}²⁺, respectively, coordinated to one cluster anion. In the solid state, S atom positions in the tetrahedron Q₄ (Q = S, Te) are disordered for all three compounds: in I and III sulfur atoms are split over all four Q positions, while in II over two positions.     

Small D–π–A Systems with o‐Phenylene‐Bridged Accepting Units as Active Materials for Organic Photovoltaics

Donor–acceptor (D–π–A) systems that combine triarylamine donor blocks and dicyanovinyl (DCV) acceptor groups have been synthesized. Starting from the triphenylamine (TPA)? thiophene? DCV compound ( 1 ) as a reference system, various synthetic approaches have been developed for controlling the light‐harvesting properties and energy levels of the frontier orbitals in this molecule. Thus, the introduction of methoxy groups onto TPA, the replacement of one phenyl ring of TPA by a thiophene ring, or the extension of the π‐conjugating spacer group lead to the modulation of the HOMO level. On the other hand, the fusion of the DCV group onto the vicinal thiophene ring by an ortho‐phenylene bridge allows for a specific fine‐tuning of the LUMO level. The electronic properties of the molecules were analyzed by using UV/Vis spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry and the compounds were evaluated as donor materials in basic bilayer planar heterojunction solar cells by using C₆₀ as acceptor material. The relationships between the electronic properties of the donors and the performance of the corresponding photovoltaic devices are discussed. Bilayer planar heterojunction solar cells that used reference compound 1 and C₇₀ afforded power‐conversion efficiencies of up to 3.7 %.     

Isolation and Characterization of Cellulosic Pulp Fines and Their Interactions with Cationic Polyacrylamides

Four different types of cellulosic fines were isolated from refiner mechanical and kraft pulp samples to characterize their chemical and physical properties. The pulp fines were flocculated using four different types of cationically modified polyacrylamides. The extent of flocculation was observed with multiple light scattering apparatus. The maximum adsorption of the polyelectrolytes on the pulp fines was determined by polyelectrolyte titration. It was concluded that it is the combination of the molar mass and the charge density of a polyelectrolyte, as well as the origins and characteristics of the fines which define the adsorption and flocculation behavior. None of these properties alone could fully describe these phenomena, but the molar mass of the polyelectrolyte was the predominant factor. The most important fines characteristics were the charge properties and the microstructure.     

An optical surface plasmon resonance biosensor for determination of tetanus toxin

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) has been successfully applied for the simple, rapid, and label-free assay of various biomolecules. This assay evaluates a novel wavelength modulation SPR biosensor for the detection of tetanus toxin. The wavelength modulation SPR biosensor is designed based on fixing the incident angle of light and measuring the reflected intensities in the resonance wavelength range spanning 400-800 nm simultaneously. Tetanus toxin (TeNT), one of the most potent toxins known, is synthesized as a 150 kDa single polypeptide chain. The SPR biosensor has been shown to be capable of directly detecting concentration of tetanus toxin as low as 0.028 Lf ml⁻¹. Under selected experimental conditions, the SPR biosensor has a good reproducibility, sensitivity and reversibility. The results illustrate how wavelength modulation SPR biosensor can be used to detect biomolecular interactions.