Chebyshev centers and fixed point theorems

Brodskii and Milman proved that there is a point in C(K)$C(K)$, the set of all Chebyshev centers of K, which is fixed by every surjective isometry from K into K whenever K   is a nonempty weakly compact convex subset having normal structure in a Banach space. Motivated by this result, Lim et al. raised the following question namely “does there exist a point in C(K)$C(K)$ which is fixed by every isometry from K into K?”. In fact, Lim et al. proved that “if K is a nonempty weakly compact convex subset of a uniformly convex Banach space, then the Chebyshev center of K is fixed by every isometry T from K into K”. In this paper, we prove that if K   is a nonempty weakly compact convex set having normal structure in a strictly convex Banach space and F$\mathfrak{F}$ is a commuting family of isometry mappings on K   then there exists a point in C(K)$C(K)$ which is fixed by every mapping in F$\mathfrak{F}$.     

Grain boundary,triple junction and quadruple point mobility controlled normal grain growth

Reduction in stored free energy provides the thermodynamic driving force for grain and bubble growth in polycrystals and foams. Evolution of polycrystalline networks exhibit the additional complication that grain growth may be controlled by several kinetic mechanisms through which the decrease in network energy occurs. Polyhedral boundaries, triple junctions (TJs), and quadruple points (QPs) are the geometrically distinct elements of three dimensional networks that follow Plateau’s rules, provided that grain growth is limited by diffusion through, and motion of, cell boundaries. Shvindlerman and co-workers have long recognized the kinetic influences on polycrystalline grain growth of network TJs and QPs. Moreover, the emergence of interesting polycrystalline nanomaterials underscored that TJs can indeed influence grain growth kinetics. Currently there exist few detailed studies concerned either with network distributions of grain size, number of faces per grain, or with ‘grain trajectories’, when grain growth is limited by the motion of its TJs or QPs. By contrast there exist abundant studies of classical grain growth limited by boundary mobility. This study is focused on a topological/geometrical representation of polycrystals to obtain statistical predictions of the grain size and face number distributions, as well as growth ‘trajectories’ during steady-state grain growth. Three limits to grain growth are considered, with grain growth kinetics controlled by boundary, TJ, and QP mobilities.     

Stacking Control by Molecular Symmetry of Sterically Protected Phthalocyanines

The synthesis and characterization of two phthalocyanine (Pc) structural isomers, 1 and 2, in which four 2,6-di(hexyloxy)phenyl units were attached directly to the 1,8,15,22- or 1,4,15,18-positions of the Pc rings, are described. Both Pcs 1 and 2 exhibited low melting points, i.e., 120 and 130 °C respectively, due to the reduction in intermolecular π-π interaction among the Pc rings caused by the steric hindrance of 2,6-dihexyloxybenzene units. The thermal behaviors were investigated with temperature-controlled polarizing optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, powder X-ray diffraction, and absorption spectral analyses. Pc 1, having C_4h molecular symmetry, organized into a lamellar structure containing lateral assemblies of Pc rings. In contrast, the other Pc 2 revealed the formation of metastable crystalline phases, including disordered stacks of Pcs due to rapid cooling from a melted liquid.     

沸腾分析

本文对不溶有空气的化学纯液和溶有空气的化学纯液的沸腾问题进行分析,讨论这两种液体沸腾时温度变化的情况,指出它们在液沸腾时都要经过一段过热过程。     

低温预冷换热规律及表面改性影响研究

调研了低温管路预冷及两相换热的研究现状,阐述了低温预冷瞬态换热特性;介绍了金属表面改性对预冷规律的影响,仿真了低导热涂层管的预冷换热规律.研究发现:液氮预冷主要由膜态沸腾支配,且预冷耗时较长;液氢预冷未见膜态沸腾,预冷耗时更短.促进膜态沸腾向过渡沸腾的更早转化有利于预冷加速,且转化温度迁移可通过内壁表面结构改性实现,可...     

电容温度传感器的实验研究

从液氮温度到水的沸点温度范围内,测量了介质分别为钽,涤纶,陶瓷,玻璃釉和陶瓷独石一体化结构的商用固体电容器的电容量-温度之间的关系.拟合测量结果表明,独石陶瓷电容器在正温度段具有较好的线性响应(-10pF/℃),灵敏度(0.1 ℃)和精确度(标准差为0.016);而涤纶电容器在负温度段的特性较好( 17pF/℃,0.06 ℃和0.01).此外,在约0.5特斯拉的恒定磁场作用下,无论在正或负温度段,上述测得的电容量-温度关系几乎不受影响.因此,本研究对开发抗强电磁场,自加热效应小或导热系数小的低温测温器具有较大的参考价值.     

Geometry Optimization of Thermoelectric Modules: Deviation of Optimum Power Output and Conversion Efficiency

Besides the material research in the field of thermoelectrics, the way from a material to a functional thermoelectric (TE) module comes alongside additional challenges. Thus, comprehension and optimization of the properties and the design of a TE module are important tasks. In this work, different geometry optimization strategies to reach maximum power output or maximum conversion efficiency are applied and the resulting performances of various modules and respective materials are analyzed. A Bi₂Te₃-based module, a half-Heusler-based module, and an oxide-based module are characterized via FEM simulations. By this, a deviation of optimum power output and optimum conversion efficiency in dependence of the diversity of thermoelectric materials is found. Additionally, for all modules, the respective fluxes of entropy and charge as well as the corresponding fluxes of thermal and electrical energy within the thermolegs are shown. The full understanding and enhancement of the performance of a TE module may be further improved.     

工质对微通道沸腾液膜瞬态变化的影响

本文采用去离子水和无水乙醇两种工质,利用微通道流动沸腾同步测量实验系统,研究了液膜厚度的瞬态变化规律,实验发现流动沸腾形成的初始液膜厚度在毛细数Ca很宽的范围内都遵循Taylor流动原理;液膜形成后,在蒸发和蒸汽流动携带的耦合作用下,厚度迅速减薄直至蒸干;由于水的汽液黏度比小,速度梯度小,剪切作用带来的液膜厚度减少量小,且水的汽化潜热大,吸收相同热量时蒸发量小,导致水的液膜厚度变化斜率较小,通过理论分析提出了沸腾液膜厚度变化的计算模型,计算结果与实验结果的误差小于20%。     

The boiling point and molar enthalpy of vaporization of fluorint FC-70 N(C5F11)3

N(C₅F₁₁)₃ (Fluorint FC-70) has been chosen as the test material to compare the chemicophysical data obtained by static-sample and DSC methods. The normal boiling point, the molar enthalpy of vaporization, and the constants of the Antoine equation of fluorint FC-70 are reported. DSC can be developed into a simple and rapid routine instrument to determine the enthalpy of vaporization as well as the boiling point of liquid, particularly at relative high temperature.     

硫醇和硫醚的沸点与分子结构之间关系的拓扑化学研究

根据分子拓扑学原理, 用染色因子标识原子性质的差异, 发展了一种适用于含原子分子体系结构性能关系研究的新方法。据此探讨了硫醇和硫醚的沸点与分子结构之间的关系, 提出一个既能合理表征结构性能关系, 又能预测沸点的定量关系式。