研究型教学柔性评分方案研究

研究型教学的本质是培养学生创新的精神与能力,而现行的学生成绩评分体系差异度较小,不能全面反映出学生的真实掌握情况,不能适应研究型教学模式的开展.借鉴"开根乘十"的经典处理案例,提出了一种将贡献值反映到幂次上的适合研究型教学的柔性评分系统,对其进行方案设计,并推导扩展了其评分计算公式.结合升级模式,对其进行自动实现,以所见即所得的方式进行展示,活跃了课堂气氛,也充分调动了学生课后进行研究探索活动的积极性.     

混合策略纳什均衡的新教法

理解博弈论中的最优混合策略对本科生而言具有一定困难,而目前教材中对此内容的讲述又过于抽象.提出一个简单而有效地讲授混合策略纳什均衡的方法.首先利用猜硬币游戏引入并介绍混合策略的基本该念.再通过将混合策略加入到支付矩阵中构造拓展支付矩阵,使学生可以清晰地看到采用混合策略的结果,实现从纯策略到混合策略的自然过渡.然后引导学生思考博弈参与者采用混合策略的各种动机,并在拓展支付矩阵中检验其是否达成均衡.最后介绍最优混合策略计算的一般方法,并分析其与参与者行为动机之间的一致性.课堂实践证明,方法可以有效提高学生对混合策略纳什均衡的综合理解,学生不仅能够更好地掌握求解技术,而且能更深入地理解其经济学含义.     

Low-temperature elastic constants and piezoelectric coefficients of langasite (La3Ga5SiO14)

A complete set of elastic constants C _ij and piezoelectric coefficients e _ij of a La₃Ga₅SiO₁₄ (langasite) single crystal was determined from 5.5 to 275.5?K by resonant ultrasound spectroscopy. Unlike a conventional crystal, the elastic constants C _ij of the langasite crystal showed three types of temperature dependence: (i) monotonic elastic stiffening upon cooling (C ₄₄ and C ₁₄); (ii) monotonic elastic softening (C ₆₆); and (iii) a stiffening-to-softening transition below 150?K (C ₁₁, C ₁₂, C ₁₃ and C ₃₃). In addition, a strong correlation between C ₆₆ and the piezoelectric coefficient e ₁₁ was confirmed. Group theoretical lattice dynamics analysis revealed that the novel phenomena of elastic softening and strong correlation are explained on the basis of two types of optical mode internal displacements which have the totally symmetric A ₁ and doubly degenerated E symmetries in the point group D ₃.     

Quasi-static deformation and final fracture behaviour of aluminium alloy 5083: influence of cryomilling

The commercial aluminium alloy 5083 was processed via cryomilling to produce nanocrystalline (NC) powders with an average grain size of ～25–50?nm. The powders were subsequently degassed at 723 K (450°C), pre-heated and immediately quasi-isostatic (QI)-forged to produce a thermally stable bulk ultrafine grain (UFG) material having average grain size values ranging from 190 to 350?nm, depending on the processing conditions used. In this paper, the tensile properties and fracture behaviour of the bulk UFG material are presented and compared with the tensile properties of its conventionally processed counterpart. The specific influence of preheat temperature on strength and ductility of the alloy is briefly discussed. Three different pre-heat temperatures of 523, 623 and 723?K (250, 350 and 450°C) were chosen and used with the primary objective of controlling grain growth during forging. The influence of preheat temperature on tensile deformation and final fracture behaviour is highlighted. The macroscopic fracture modes of the bulk nanostructured material (BNM) prepared following three pre-heat temperatures are investigated. The microscopic mechanisms controlling tensile deformation and final fracture behaviour are discussed with regards to the intrinsic microstructural effects in the UFG alloy, nature of loading, and the kinetics and mechanisms of deformation.     

Stable single longitudinal mode erbium-doped silica fiber laser based on an asymmetric linear three-cavity structure

We present a stable linear-cavity single longitudinal mode (SLM) erbium-doped silica fiber laser. It consists of four fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) directly written in a section of photosensitive erbium-doped fiber (EDF) to form an asymmetric three-cavity structure. The stable SLM operation at a wavelength of 1545.112 nm with a 3-dB bandwidth of 0.012 nm and an optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) of about 60 dB is verified experimentally. Under laboratory conditions, the performance of a power fluctuation of less than 0.05 dB observed from the power meter for 6 h and a wavelength variation of less than 0.01 nm obtained from the optical spectrum analyzer (OSA) for about 1.5 h are demonstrated. The gain fiber length is no longer limited to only several centimeters for SLM operation because of the excellent mode-selecting ability of the asymmetric three-cavity structure. The proposed scheme provides a simple and cost-effective approach to realizing a stable SLM fiber laser.     

The single-longitudinal-mode operation of a ridge waveguide laser based on two-dimensional photonic crystals

An electrically driven, single-longitudinal-mode GaAs based photonic crystal (PC) ridge waveguide (RWG) laser emitting at around 850 nm is demonstrated. The single-longitudinal-mode lasing characteristic is achieved by introducing the PC to the RWG laser. The triangle PC is etched on both sides of the ridge by photolithography and inductive coupled plasma (ICP) etching. The lasing spectra of the RWG lasers with and without the PC are studied, and the result shows that the PC purifies the longitudinal mode. The power per facet versus current and current-voltage characteristics have also been studied and compared.     

Optimization of direct modulation rate for circular microlasers by adjusting mode Q factor

Semiconductor microcircular lasers have been investigated as potential light sources for photonic integrated circuits and optical interconnections for more than two decades. However, the direct modulation bandwidths of the circular microlasers remain a challenge, especially when being compared with other microlasers, such as photonic crystal lasers. In this paper, microcircular lasers connected to an output waveguide are investigated for high‐speed direct modulation with optimized mode Q factors. Small signal modulation with a resonance frequency of f_R = 12.5 GHz is realized for a AlGaInAs/InP circular microlaser with a radius of 10 µm at 290 K. Furthermore, clear eye diagrams are observed at 12.5 Gbit/s for a 15‐µm radius circular microlaser with f_R = 6.9 GHz.     

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从Braginskii冷离子流体模型出发,利用准环坐标系,导出了轴对称(环向模数为零的)扰动密度和扰动电位所服从的两个二维线性偏微分本征波方程。采用WKB法及Langer变换,解出了测地声模过转向点一致有效的整体模结构和分立本征频率谱;论述了不存在连续谱解的原因;指出Schrödinger意义下的径向高激发态对应了近零频模;论证了与测地声模定级分析的自洽性将导致“蝌蚪”定域化;并讨论了“蝌蚪”定域化理论与实验上所观察到的“多个测地声模共存”现象之间的关係。     

Antiferroelectric and ferroelectric phase transitions of the displacive and order-disorder type in PbZrO3 and PbZr1-xTi x O3 single crystals

For PbZrO₃ and PbZr_0.99Ti_0.01O₃ single crystals the first order Raman light scattering spectra in the paraelectric phase have been analysed. In lead zirconate two kinds of crystals, with and without a transient phase, were investigated. It was found that temperature dependence of the defect-induced soft mode frequency in the paraelectric phase has a negligible contribution to the low-frequency dielectric response. From the point of view of strong dielectric relaxation in the range of 10⁶–10⁹ Hz, which originates in a disorder of the lead sites, crossover of the order-disorder and displacive type of antiferroelectric phase transition in lead zirconate is considered: the phase transition mechanism is neither purely displacive nor order-disorder. Contribution of physical phenomena responsible for the ε(ω,T) dielectric response at low frequencies of an external electric field are described.     

解决高等数学教学问题的七点措施——以衡阳师范学院为例

本文简要分析了当前高校高等数学教学所面临的几个突出问题,在此基础上结合衡阳师范学院高等数学教学实际,从七个方面阐述了如何加强高等数学教学以提高教学质量.