人工神经网络研究进展及其在光谱分析中的应用

介绍最常用的人工神经网络——BP神经网络的原理、结构及其研究进展,评述了人工神经网络在光谱分析中的应用。     

State-of-the-art of membrane bioreactors: Worldwide research and commercial applications in North America

Membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology is advancing rapidly around the world both in research and commercial applications. Despite the increasing number of studies and full-scale applications of MBR systems, directions and trends in academic research as well as commercial developments require further analysis. This paper aims to critically characterize and review worldwide academic research efforts in the area of MBRs as well as focus attention to commercial MBR applications in North America. A total of 339 research papers published in peer-reviewed international journals from 1991 to 2004 and a total of 258 full-scale MBR installations in North America were used as the database for the analysis provided in this paper. After a surge of MBR publications in 2002, research appears to have reached a plateau in the last 3 years using both submerged and external MBR units. Although much of the pioneering research occurred in Japan, France and the UK, countries such as South Korea, China and Germany have significantly contributed to the research pool in the last 5 years. The primary research focus has been on water filtration MBRs with limited growth in extractive and gas diffusion MBRs which still hold un-tapped potential. Fundamental aspects studied in academic research predominantly involve issues related to fouling, microbial characterization and optimizing operational performance. Research in North America presents a unique picture as a higher ratio of industrial wastewater treatment and side-stream MBR applications have been studied compared to other parts of the world. For MBR commercial application, the North America installations constitute about 11% of worldwide installations. Zenon occupies the majority of the MBR market in North America, whereas Kubota and Mitsubishi-Rayon have a larger number of installations in other parts of the world. Due to more stringent regulations and water reuse strategies, it is expected that a significant increase in MBR plant capacity and widening of application areas will occur in the future. Potential application areas include nitrate removal in drinking water treatment, removal of endocrine disrupting compounds from water and wastewater streams, enhancing bio-fuels production via membrane assisted fermentation and gas extraction and purification MBRs.     

0.6~T人体核磁共振成象及其图象的彩色化处理

在0.6~τ超导磁体人体核磁共振成象设备上获得了横断、矢状、冠状各种断层的成象。采用了直接两维傅里叶变换成象方法,应用了自旋回波脉冲序列。由于人体心脏跳动和呼吸运动会造成图象模糊而使用心电延迟触发及呼吸门控方法。作者用一种相位调制光密度分割的方法将原始黑白灰度表示的核磁共振成象进行彩色化处理。提高了原图象低密度梯度区的清晰度,为进行医学图象诊断及判读解译提供了方便度。山了光学系统图,解释了光学信息处理方法。由所处理的人体核磁共振成象图片可以看出,在低密度梯给区更易辨认。参考文献10种。     

Estimation of the Nitta-Chao Parameters for the ether-group. Ether + n-alkane mixtures

In this work we have estimated the structural and interactional parameters of the ether- group for the group-contribution model of Nitta-Chao using a extensive experimental database of thermodynamic properties of ethers (monoethers, polyethers and acetals) and ether + n-alkane and ether + ether mixtures. The results obtained by Nitta-Chao model with this parameters get closer to the experimental values than those obtained with parameters of Eckart et al. (1986). The thermodynamic properties obtained by the Nitta-Chao model with old and new parameters were compared to predictions by other models such as Flory (1965) theory, DISQUAC (Kehiaian, 1977) model and UNIFAC model (versions of Dang and Tassios, 1986, and Larsen et al., 1987).     

低热固相合成化学

本文介绍了固相化学反应,概述了高热、中热、低热固相反应在合成化学中的地位,重点阐述了低热固相反应的特征及其在无机、有机、材料化学中的应用,列举已在工业生产中使用的低热固相反应实例,阐明低热固相合成确实是工业生产中一条节能、高效、减污的理想通道。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱技术在环境领域的应用

综述电感耦合等离子体质谱技术在环境监测和环境科学研究领域的应用.介绍了电感耦合等离子体质谱技术在环境监测中的分析优势,环境研究领域中稳定同位素比值测定技术及其与色谱、激光烧蚀、流动注射技术联用分析技术应用的进展.     

自由流电泳及其应用研究进展

对自由流电泳的分离原理、分离模式、影响分离的因素和条件以及自由流电泳仪器的发展进行了介绍,对近年来自由流电泳在离子、小分子和微粒分离,多肽和蛋白质分离,细胞和细胞器分离,药物对映体分离,微芯片装置以及蛋白质组学等方面应用研究的进展进行了综述。引用文献73篇。     

μ-氧代四苯基双核金属卟啉仿生催化剂的研究进展

综述了国内外及本课题组有关μ-氧代四苯基双核金属卟啉仿生催化剂合成及应用的最新研究进展和成果. 重点介绍了μ-氧代四苯基双核金属卟啉的合成方法, 即两步合成法、柱色谱分离法、一步合成法、自氧化法以及本课题组最新开发的一锅法. 其中一步合成法和自氧化法由于具有适用范围广、收率高等优点, 将成为μ-氧代四苯基双核金属卟啉的主要合成方法. 而一锅法尽管目前收率尚较低, 但由于其完全去掉了中间反应产物的分离和提纯以及原料和溶剂的损失, 而使工艺流程得到大大简化、能耗显著降低, 将成为一种极有发展潜力的合成方法. 系统地阐述了μ-氧代四苯基双核金属卟啉在仿生催化领域中的应用. 尤其是以μ-氧代四苯基双核金属卟啉为催化剂、O2或空气为氧化剂的催化氧化反应, 具有催化剂用量少、氧化剂清洁且廉价易得、无需助催化剂和共还原剂、反应条件温和等优点, 将成为未来仿生催化氧化领域研究的前沿和热点.     

阿斯巴甜的合成及应用

阿斯巴甜是一种新型甜味剂。介绍了阿斯巴甜的特点、发展及广阔的应用前景,评述了国内外的合成方法。     

用于生物检测的链霉亲和素修饰γ-Fe2O3@Au复合颗粒的制备与表征

制备了粒径为30 nm左右的γ-Fe₂O₃磁性颗粒, 利用巯基硅烷(MPTES)的偶联作用最终制备了粒径约为35.9 nm的金磁复合颗粒. 用X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、紫外可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、振动样品磁强计(VSM)等方法对所得金磁颗粒的表面形貌、大小、结构、光学和磁学性质进行了表征. 结果表明: 金成功地包覆到了γ-Fe₂O₃颗粒的表面, 所得金磁颗粒具有超顺磁性. 利用静电吸附作用, 链霉亲和素有效修饰到了γ-Fe₂O₃@Au复合磁性颗粒表面. 通过扫描仪检测其捕捉Cy3标记寡核苷酸序列后的荧光信号, 证明了链霉亲和素修饰的γ-Fe₂O₃@Au复合磁性颗粒有生物活性, 且没有荧光背景, 在生物检测领域表现出了很大的应用前景.