Micellar capillary electrophoresis of the ecdysteroids

Summary The technique of micellar capillary electrophoresis has been applied to the separation of ecdysteroids (polyhydroxylated insect hormones) both as pure standards and in the extracts of plants and insect eggs. Succesful separations of a range of closely related ecdysteroids were obtained, however, the quality of the result was found to be critically dependent on the solvent in which the sample was applied and the degree of purity of the extracts. The technique was found to be suitable for the analysis of purified ecdysteroid-rich extracts of plants (Silene nutans, S. otites) and the eggs of the desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria). The elution order of the analytes was similar to that obtained using reversed-phase HPLC.     

QuEChERS method for the simultaneous quantification of phorate and its metabolites in porcine and chicken muscle and table eggs using ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry

An analytical method to detect phorate and its metabolites, including phorate sulfone, phorate sulfoxide, phoratoxon, phoratoxon sulfone, and phoratoxon sulfoxide, in porcine and chicken muscles and table eggs was developed and validated. Extraction was performed using a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe method and analysis was conducted using ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry. Matrix‐matched calibrations were linear over the tested concentrations, with determination coefficient ≥ 0.995 for all tested analytes in the different matrices. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.001 and 0.004 mg/kg, respectively. The calculated recovery rates at three fortification levels were satisfactory, with values between 74.22 and 119.89% and relative standard deviations < 10%. The method was applied successfully to commercial samples collected from locations throughout the Korean Peninsula, and none of them showed any traces of the tested analytes. Overall, the developed method is simple and versatile, and can be used for monitoring phorate and its metabolites in animal products rich in protein and fat.     

Role of migratory bird population in a simple eco-epidemiological model

Migratory birds play a vital role in the spread of diseases such as West Nile Virus, Salmonella, etc. In this paper we propose and analyse (both analytically and numerically) a single-season mathematical model to observe the dynamical changes that take place due to the introduction of a disease by migratory birds. We observe that the force of infection and the predation rate play important roles in maintaining stability around the positive steady state. We also observe that proper predation may even result in the extinction of the infective migratory prey population from the system.     

蜂窝夹芯雷达罩结构的鸟撞数值分析

运用非线性动力学有限元软件PAM-CRASH对鸟撞击蜂窝夹芯结构雷达罩的过程进行了数值分析。在有限元建模中对材料模型的选取做了详细的讨论。根据适航标准,使用1.80 kg的鸟体进行鸟撞分析。在不考虑材料应变率强化作用的情况下,计算了鸟体对结构上21个不同位置的撞击,给出了雷达罩结构吸收冲击能量随撞击位置的变化规律。对玻璃纤维面板材料的应变率强化作用进行讨论,对比分析了应变率强化作用对计算结果的影响,数值模拟结果可为雷达罩鸟撞实验提供参考。     

液相色谱法测定蚕卵中的碳水化合物

本文报道了蚕卵样品的前处理方法,它用于提取净化其中的水溶性糖和糖醇;采用Waters μ-Bondapak Carbohydrate柱,麦芽糖为内标,定量分析蚕卵内果糖、葡萄糖、山梨醇、蔗糖和海藻糖的含量。回收率在87%以上。     

基于多光谱数据的湿地景观格局变化对越冬候鸟生境影响

安徽升金湖是典型的长江中下游自然通江湖泊湿地,是越冬候鸟尤其是珍稀鹤类的理想越冬地,水利设施的修建改变了升金湖的自然连通状况,使湖泊水位变化受人为控制,继而引起景观格局变化,从而影响越冬候鸟生境.为探究水位波动对越冬候鸟生境影响规律,基于Landsat-8(OLI)多光谱遥感影像对升金湖土地利用类型进行分类,结合水位数...     

基于可见/近红外透射光谱的孵化早期受精鸡蛋的判别

在种鸡蛋孵化过程中,部分种蛋由于未受精不能正常出雏,不但会造成大量浪费,还有可能引起霉菌感染其他种蛋,利用可见/近红外透射光谱分析技术可以对种鸡蛋中的受精蛋和无精蛋进行检测。为研究孵化初期无精蛋最佳的判别时间,本文通过对孵化环境下种鸡蛋品质随时间变化的研究,最终发现在孵化24h内的种鸡蛋品质还在新鲜状态,在72h后的种鸡蛋品质变为不可食用级别,最终发现36h内是最佳的判别时间。研制了基于可见/近红外透射光谱的静态采集系统,并使用该系统进行了光谱采集。对比同一品种不同样品及不同品种的光谱建模效果,剔除了由蛋黄与蛋壳颜色造成的样本光谱差异区域,选取的有效光谱波段为355~590和670~1 025nm。采用主成分分析法进行预处理,通过不同时间、不同主成分数建模效果的比较,确定最佳的主成分数。同时采用多元散射校正、附加散射校正、导数校正与主成分分析的光谱预处理方法在不同的建模方法下进行对比,并考虑到实际应用与最终的生产效益,建立了有效的判别模型。最佳判别模型为使用24h时采集光谱且采用主成分分析法进行数据预处理并使用Fisher算法建立的模型,判别准确率能达到87.18%。该研究为早期受精蛋与无精蛋的无损伤在线鉴别提供了一种新的方法。     

免疫亲和柱净化-高效液相色谱法同时检测鸡蛋中6种玉米赤霉醇类化合物残留量

建立了鸡蛋中6种玉米赤霉醇类化合物(α-玉米赤霉醇、β-玉米赤霉醇、α-玉米赤霉烯醇、β-玉米赤霉烯醇、玉米赤霉酮和玉米赤霉烯酮)残留量的免疫亲和柱净化-高效液相色谱检测方法。样品酶解后用叔丁基甲醚提取、氢氧化钠反萃取,经免疫亲和柱富集和净化后,采用高效液相色谱-紫外检测器进行测定。色谱柱: Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18(150 mm×4.6 mm, 3.5 μm);流动相: 甲醇-乙腈-水(50:15:35, v/v/v);流速: 1.0 mL/min;检测波长: 270 nm。结果表明,6种目标物在0.01～0.2 mg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r)≥0.9998,检出限(LOD,S/N≥3)为1.0 μg/kg,平均回收率为73.2%～95.7%,相对标准偏差小于8%。该方法灵敏度高、重现性好,适用于鸡蛋样品中痕量玉米赤霉醇类药物残留的测定。     

Nonautonomous bright solitons and soliton collisions in a nonlinear medium with an external potential

We present exact bright multi-soliton solutions of a generalized nonautonomous nonlinear Schrdinger equation with time-and space-dependent distributed coefficients and an external potential which describes a pulse propagating in nonlinear media when its transverse and longitudinal directions are nonuniformly distributed.Such solutions exist in certain constraint conditions on the coefficients depicting dispersion,nonlinearity,and gain(loss).Various shapes of bright solitons and interesting interactions between two solitons are observed.Physical applications of interest to the field and stability of the solitons are discussed.     

Rheological changes in irradiated chicken eggs

Pathogenic bacteria may cause foodborne illnesses. Humans may introduce pathogens into foods during production, processing, distribution and or preparation. Some of these microorganisms are able to survive conventional preservation treatments. Heat pasteurization, which is a well established and satisfactory means of decontamination/disinfection of liquid foods, cannot efficiently achieve a similar objective for solid foods. Extensive work carried out worldwide has shown that irradiation is efficient in eradicating foodborne pathogens like Salmonella spp. that can contaminate poultry products. In this work Co-60 gamma irradiation was applied to samples of industrial powder white, yolk and whole egg at doses between 0 and 25 kGy. Samples were rehydrated and the viscosity measured in a Brookfield viscosimeter, model DV III at 5, 15 and 25°C. The rheological behaviour among the various kinds of samples were markedly different. Irradiation with doses up to 5 kGy, known to reduced bacterial contamination to non-detectable levels, showed almost no variation of viscosity of irradiated egg white samples. On the other hand, whole or yolk egg samples showed some changes in rheological properties depending on the dose level, showing the predominance of whether polimerization or degradation as a result of the irradiation. Additionally, irradiation of yolk egg powder reduced yolk color as a function of the irradiation exposure implemented. The importance of these results are discussed in terms of possible industrial applications.