Analytical Chemistry in the Republic of Ireland training and employment of chemists and technicians

Summary Based on the results of surveys carried out throughout the country the following topics are discussed: employment of chemists in Ireland, employment of chemists and technicians in the field of Analytical Chemistry, training requirements, types of courses and syllabus outlines.Presented at Euroanalysis III conference, Dublin, August 20–25, 1978     

The teaching of Analytical Chemistry in Norway

Summary Training in Analytical-Chemistry at the University of Oslo, at the Oslo Technical College and at the School for Medical Technologists at Oslo University Hospital is briefly outlined.Presented at Euroanalysis III conference, Dublin, August 20–25, 1978     

Heteronucleare clustersysteme : XV. μ2-germandiyl- und μ3-germantriyl-kobaltcarbonyle

GeBr₄ and CH₃GeCl₃ treated with NaCo(CO)₄ under mild conditions gives BrGeCo₃(CO)₁₁ and CH₃GeCo₃(CO)₁₁, respectively. Thermolysis of CH₃GeCo(CO)₁₁ at 80°C leads under loss of CO to the germylidynetricobalt nonacarbonyl cluster CH₃GeCo₃(CO)₉. The comparison of the IR and mass spectra with homo-homologous compounds, investigated by X-ray analysis, allows structure proposals.     

Demonstration of the Heterolytic O?O Bond Cleavage of Putative Nonheme Iron(II)?OOH(R) Complexes for Fenton and Enzymatic Reactions

One‐electron reduction of mononuclear nonheme iron(III) hydroperoxo (Fe^III OOH) and iron(III) alkylperoxo (Fe^III OOR) complexes by ferrocene (Fc) derivatives resulted in the formation of the corresponding iron(IV) oxo complexes. The conversion rates were dependent on the concentration and oxidation potentials of the electron donors, thus indicating that the reduction of the iron(III) (hydro/alkyl)peroxo complexes to their one‐electron reduced iron(II) (hydro/alkyl)peroxo species is the rate‐determining step, followed by the heterolytic O O bond cleavage of the putative iron(II) (hydro/alkyl)peroxo species to give the iron(IV) oxo complexes. Product analysis supported the heterolytic O O bond‐cleavage mechanism. The present results provide the first example showing the one‐electron reduction of iron(III) (hydro/alkyl)peroxo complexes and the heterolytic O O bond cleavage of iron(II) (hydro/alkyl)peroxo species to form iron(IV) oxo intermediates which occur in nonheme iron enzymatic and Fenton reactions.     

Improving Physical Properties via C?H Oxidation: Chemical and Enzymatic Approaches

Physicochemical properties constitute a key factor for the success of a drug candidate. Whereas many strategies to improve the physicochemical properties of small heterocycle‐type leads exist, complex hydrocarbon skeletons are more challenging to derivatize because of the absence of functional groups. A variety of C H oxidation methods have been explored on the betulin skeleton to improve the solubility of this very bioactive, yet poorly water‐soluble, natural product. Capitalizing on the innate reactivity of the molecule, as well as the few molecular handles present on the core, allowed oxidations at different positions across the pentacyclic structure. Enzymatic oxidations afforded several orthogonal oxidations to chemical methods. Solubility measurements showed an enhancement for many of the synthesized compounds.