氩-氮混合气电感耦合等离子体在元素和同位素分析中的应用进展

在传统Ar等离子体中引入其他活性气体(如氮气等)已经成为拓展其分析性能的一种重要手段。本文较系统的阐述了Ar-N₂混合气体电感耦合等离子体的基本物理化学性质,从N₂气引入引起传统Ar-ICP基本物理化学参数变化的层面出发探讨了Ar-N₂混合气等离子体特殊性质产生的机制,回顾了Ar-N₂混合气电感耦合等离子体在质谱分析中近40年的应用成果,并且展望了该技术在未来元素和同位素分析领域的应用前景。     

Use of 4-bromo pyridazine 3,6-dione for building 3-amino pyridazine libraries

An efficient method for preparation of 4,6 or 5,6 disubstituted 3-aminopyridazines was easily carried out starting from easily available 4-bromo-pyridazine-3,6-dione, and using combination of both amination and Pd(0) cross-coupling reactions under microwave irradiation.     

Combinatorial computational chemistry approach of tight-binding quantum chemical molecular dynamics method to the design of the automotive catalysts

Recently, we have developed a new tight-binding quantum chemical molecular dynamics program “Colors” for combinatorial computational chemistry approach. This methodology is based on our original tight-binding approximation and realized over 5000 times acceleration compared to the conventional first-principles molecular dynamics method. In the present study, we applied our new program to the simulations on various realistic large-scale models of the automotive three-way catalysts, ultrafine Pt particle/CeO₂(111) support. Significant electron transfer from the Pt particle to the CeO₂(111) surface was observed and it was found to strongly depend on the size of the Pt particle. Furthermore, our simulation results suggest that the reduction of the Ce atom due to the electron transfer from the Pt particle to the CeO₂ surface is a main reason for the strong interaction of the Pt particle and CeO₂(111) support.     

High-throughput screening of fuel cell electrocatalysts

The drawbacks of our earlier report of preparing fuel cell catalyst arrays by borohydride reduction of inkjet prepared arrays of metal salts are discussed along with the need for inclusion of state-of-the-art metrics in all array screening. An alternative method for screening of hydrogen/air cathode catalysts, direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) anode catalysts, and catalyst loading studies is provided. State-of-the-art Johnson Matthey catalysts were used in control experiments to demonstrate the utility of the array fuel cell for high throughput screening of fuel cell catalysts in the 3-4 mg/cm² range. This report lays out hard learned rules for high throughput screening and demonstrates that the array fuel cell can be used for very precise screening of libraries of membrane electrode assembly (MEA) components without the pitfalls discussed in the introduction.     

Resonance Raman spectroscopy and theoretical study on the photodissociation dynamics of diuron in S2 state

Resonance Raman spectra (RRs) and quantum chemical calculations were used to investigate the photodissociation dynamics of diuron in S₂ state. The RRs indicate that the photorelaxation dynamics for the S₀ → S₂ excited state is predominantly along nine motions: the ring C = C stretch vibration ν₁₂ (1593 cm⁻¹), Ph–N–H wag ν₁₄ (1517 cm⁻¹), CO–N(CH₃)₂ stretch ν₂₃ (1365 cm⁻¹)_, CCH wag in plane/ring C = C stretch ν₂₄ (1297 cm⁻¹)_, ring CH rock in plane/ring deformation ν₂₇ (1233 cm⁻¹), CCH wag in plane ν₂₉ (1151 cm⁻¹), Ph–Cl (para) stretch ν₃₅ (1028 cm⁻¹), Ph–N–H wag ν₃₇ (913 cm⁻¹) and ring breath ν₄₄ (685 cm⁻¹). Dissociation by Ph–Cl (para) cleavage at S₂ state directly or relaxation to T₂ state by internal conversion (S₂ → S₁) and intersystem crossing (S₁/T₂) is expected by ~250 nm irradiation based on the RRS, complete active space self‐consistent field, configuration interaction singles and time‐dependent density functional theory calculations. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Mg-Si基热电材料量子化学计算

对于掺杂合适的元素Sb,Te,Ag,Cu使得Mg-Si基热电材料的热电性能大幅度提高的实验事实,欲从理论和计算上寻求支持,试图从原子、分子的层次上对此现象作出解释,因此建立了简化的Mg₂Si量子化学计算模型,采用密度泛函离散变分X_α量子化学计算法,计算了物质内部的结构信息,如共价键级和态密度等.计算结果表明,掺杂以后,晶体的共价键级被削弱,态密度图中的禁带宽度明显变窄,这与实验测试的结果是一致的.     

分子转动惯量与正烷烃熔沸点的预测

在分子转动模型基础上,以半经验分子轨道（ＡＭ１）方法计算分子的转动惯量及其它结构参数,获得１５个正烷烃的沸点和熔点的多元线性回归方程。其中正烷烃的沸点与短轴转动惯量（ｃ）和碳原子数（ｎ）相关（ｂｐ＝－１４７．－０．０１１８９ｃ＋３６．１７ｎ,Ｒ＝０．９９８５,ＳＤ＝６．９７）,而熔点与分子的长轴转动惯量（ａ）、短轴转动惯量（ｂ,ｃ）及重定向能（Ｅ）相关（ｍｐ＝－２６０．３＋１５．７０ａ＋１９．７４     

A combined crossed molecular beam and quasiclassical trajectory study of the Titan-relevant N(2D) + D2O reaction

Following a recent investigation on the N(²D) + H₂O reaction [Homayoon et al., J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 5, 3508 (2014)], we report on an experimental and theoretical study of the isotopologue N(²D) + D₂O reaction. Crossed molecular beam (CMB) experiments were conducted at a collision energy of 10.3 kcal mol^–1. Quasiclassical trajectory calculations were performed on a recent potential energy surface to derive the centre-of-mass functions necessary to simulate the CMB laboratory distributions. Excellent agreement was found. The importance of the channel leading to HON/DON was confirmed. The inclusion of this channel, in addition to that leading to the isomer HNO/DNO, can affect the models considering the coupling between nitrogen and oxygen chemistry in the upper atmosphere of Titan.     

铝酸盐水泥矿物结构与性能的量子化学计算研究

用量子化学的电荷自洽离散变分Xα(SCC-DV-Xα)计算方法研究了CaO-Al₂O₃系统五种水泥矿物的结构、性能与化学键之间的关系及固溶的杂质离子Na⁺对矿物性能的影响。计算结果表明:Ca-O共价键强度的次序是C₃A < C₁₂A₇ < CA < CA₂ < CA₆,且各矿物的Ca-O键强度都小于它们的Al-O键强度,与相应的水泥矿物水化活性的实验结果一致。Na⁺固溶于C₃A结构后使其Al-O键增强,水化活化能变大,态密度减小,被认为是Na⁺降低C₃A水化活性的主要原因。     

并行建表化学加速算法研究及其在气相斜爆轰模拟中的应用

采用详细化学反应机理对气相斜爆轰问题开展数值计算时,由于组分之间的特征时间尺度相差很大,反应源项的直接积分(direct integration,DI)求解通常存在强烈的刚性及非线性现象,导致计算量很大.为了在不损失计算精度的基础上有效减少化学反应过程的计算时间,针对包含2H2+O2详细机理的二维斜爆轰并行计算,提出两...