组织工程三维多孔支架的制备方法和技术进展

组织工程的关键技术之一在于将具有良好生物相容性和生物降解吸收性能的生物材料制备成具有特定形状和相连孔结构的三维多孔细胞支架（细胞外基质替代物）。本文着眼于多孔支架制备方法分别与多孔支架孔结构和外形的内在联系，从致孔和外形成型两个层次对组织工程多孔支架的制备方法和技术新近的研究进展进行了综述。     

壳聚糖基载药纳米微粒制备研究进展

有关可生物降解多糖类纳米微粒用作给药载体的研究，近年颇受重视。简要评述了壳聚糖基载药纳米微粒的制备方法，包括共价交联、离子诱导、沉淀析出、大分子复合和自组装方法及其研究进展。     

Novel Biodegradable and Thermosensitive Dex‐AI/PNIPAAm Hydrogel

The dextran‐allyl isocyanate/poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (Dex‐AI/PNIPAAm) hydrogel was designed and prepared by copolymerization of the modified dextran with N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm). This novel Dex‐AI/PNIPAAm hydrogel is biodegradable and intelligent due to its biodegradable dextran linkage and thermosensitive PNIPAAm moiety. With an increase in dextran content, it exhibits the increased lower critical solution temperature (LCST) and decreased porous microstructure. Also, the thermosensitivity of this hydrogel is also controllable and adjustable depending on the different compositions.

SEM micrographs of the Dex‐AI/PNIPAAm hydrogels.     

多孔β－TCP生物降解陶瓷的拉曼光谱

求文研究了多孔Ｂ－ＴＣＰ生物降解陶瓷及其粘结剂的拉王光谱。参照各种磷酸盐及磷酸盐玻璃的拉曼光谱，对生物降解陶瓷的拉曼特征频率进行了经验式的归属和指认。实验结果表明，生物降解陶瓷以β－Ｃａ３（ＰＯ４）２（β－ＴＣＰ）为主晶相，当粘结剂含量增加时，生物降解陶瓷中出现明显的Ｃａ４Ｐ２Ｏ９９和Ｃａ２Ｐ２Ｏ７，晶相和其他非晶相，其含量随粘结剂量增加而增加，并呈现一种多孔的网络结构。     

生物可降解聚酯熔体的流变性质

采用毛细管流变仪,研究了PGA和PGLA910两种生物可降解聚酯熔体的流变性质。实验结果表明,两种聚合熔体均具有较低的剪切粘度,其非牛顿指数分别为:n_(PGA)=0.80-0.94,n_(PGLA910)=0.87-0.95;粘流活化能分别为:E_(PGA)=5.74-7.31kcal/mol,E_(PGLA910)=2.64-4.31kcal/mol。还采用“末端校正法”测定了两种聚合物熔体的剪切模量(G)和弹性可复形变(Sr),结果表明,PGLA熔体的弹性比PGA熔体大。     

淀粉与丙烯酸甲酯的接枝共聚物作为生物降解塑料的研究

如何解决废弃塑料制品的再资源化和使用无污染的降解塑料是当今人类急待解决的热点课题．淀粉与丙烯酸甲酯（MA）进行接技共聚以制备塑料发泡产品的研究已有报道［‘－‘1，一般认为塑料中淀粉含量在40％以上的产品，很容易在土壤中被微生物降解掉［‘］．这些研究都是在水溶液体系中进行的，本文的目的在于开发高淀粉含量的接校共聚物，为此对比了在3种不同体系（MA－CH3OHA12O三元均相溶液体系，水溶液体系和乳液体系）中得到的接校共聚物的力学性能、形态观察与组成情况，发现单纯追求高接技效率与接枝链MA的高分子量并不一定能得到…     

Poly（ethylenimine）-grafted-poly[（aspartic acid）-co-lysine] ： A Nonviral Polymer with Potential for DNA Delivery

A biodegradable gene transfer vector, poly(ethylenimine)-grafted-poly[(aspartic acid)-co-lysine] has been developed by thermal polycondensation of aspartic acid and lysine, and branch poly(ethylenimine) (Mw less than 600) was grafted to the backbone. The polymer was characterized by ^1H NMR. It appeared lower cytotoxity compared to poly(ethylenimine) (25KDa),which was quantified by MTT assay. Electrophoresis indicated that the polymer could retardate DNA at N/P ratio 1.2-1.8 (w/w). Transfection efficiency of the complexes was studied in NT2 cell lines. It was 1.5 fold higher than molecular weight PEI (Mw=25KDa).     

Controlling degradation of acid-hydrolyzable pluronic hydrogels by physical entrapment of poly(lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) microspheres

Chemically crosslinked biodegradable hydrogels based on di-acrylated Pluronic F-127 tri-block copolymer were prepared by a photopolymerization method. Poly(lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres were physically entrapped within the Pluronic hydrogel in order to modulate the local pH environment by acidic degradation by-products of PLGA microspheres. The PLGA microspheres were slowly degraded to create an acidic microenvironment, which facilitated the cleavage of an acid-labile ester-linkage in the biodegradable Pluronic hydrogel network. The presence of PLGA microspheres accelerated the degradation of the Pluronic hydrogel and enhanced the protein release rate when protein was loaded in the hydrogel.SEM image of photo-crosslinked Pluronic hydrogel entrapping PLGA microspheres.     

Controlled release of 2‐heptanone using starch gel and polycaprolactone matrices and polymeric films

Varroa jacobsoni is a parasitic mite that is threatening the honeybee industry in many parts of the world. 2‐Heptanone, a natural product made by honeybees at low concentrations, is effective at elevated concentrations in controlling mite populations in honeybee colonies, especially when released over a 42 day period. An extrusion process was used to encapsulate 14, 18, and 25% 2‐heptanone in a polycaprolactone (PCL) matrix. Less than 18% of the 2‐heptanone was encapsulated in the PCL matrix. The high vapor permeability of PCL to 2‐heptanone resulted in a high flux rate and limited the usefulness of PCL as an encapsulation matrix for controlled‐release devices. A starch gel containing three times its weight in 2‐heptanone was prepared from starch‐based microcellular foam (MCF). The gel had compressive, tensile, and flexural strength values in the range of 0.56 to 1.9 MPa. 2‐Heptanone quickly evaporated from non‐laminated gels. However, when the gel was laminated with different polymeric films, a wide range of flux rates was obtained. The T₅₀ for gels laminated or coated with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVAL, 99% hydrolyzed) and ethylene‐vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVAL) was 72 and 1030 days, respectively. The most promising film was a starch/glycerol film that released 50% of the 2‐heptanone (T₅₀) in approximately 13 days. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Preparation,characterization and performances of biodegradable thermoplastic starch

A biodegradable thermoplastic starch (TPS) was successfully prepared from plasticizer ethanolamine and native cornstarch. The hydrogen bonding interaction between starch and ethanolamine was investigated using Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR). When the ethanolamine mass content was 30%, after the ethanolamine‐plasticized thermoplastic starch (ETPS) was stored at RH 50% for 14 days, the mechanical testing showed that the maximum tensile stress of the ETPS reached 5.98 MPa, the tensile strain reached 106.52%, Young's modulus increased from 38.14 MPa of glycerol‐plasticized thermoplastic starch (GTPS) to 75.32 MPa of ETPS, and the breaking energy increased from 1.921 N·m to 2.305 N·m, which indicated that the mechanical properties of ETPS evidently excelled those of the GTPS. The effects of water contents on the mechanical properties of ETPS and GTPS were studied. A differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis revealed that the low‐temperature transition and the glass transition temperature (T_g) of the ETPS were ?58 and 22°C respectively, which were lower than that of the GTPS. The ETPS effectively restrained the re‐crystallization of traditional GTPS, which was proved by the X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images presented that ethanolamine made starch uniform. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.