基于TM0mn模式微波介质材料复介电常数的测量

提出了一种基于闭式谐振腔TM0mn模式测量微波介质材料复介电常数的方法。利用模式匹配技术、Ritz-Galerkin方法以及传输模品质因数测量法导出了介质材料相对介电常数和损耗角正切的测量公式。最后,利用矢量网络分析仪对常用天线罩材料进行了扫频测量,结果表明：高分子量聚乙烯在3~6 GHz范围内的相对介电常数为2.30±0.05,损耗角正切为(1.8~2.0)×10-4。     

HL80型低纹波系数大电流程控恒流源研制

HL80型大功率恒流源采用闭环实时串联线性调整技术实现输出电流的恒流控制,应用三相交流调压模块调控电源变压器的初级电压,以可编程控制器与触摸屏配合实现图形化的交互式操作界面,采用以太网构成通讯控制网络。当负载在2.0 ～3.0 Ω之间变化且输出电流在20～80 A之间变化时,HL80型恒流源的调整管压降可控制在(8±2) V范围内,输出电流稳定度优于0.12%,纹波系数优于0.11%。样机实现万次拷机实验无故障。     

X波段脉冲压缩装置的数值模拟及优化设计

利用有限元方法,通过调节X波段脉冲压缩装置的腔体长度、输入膜片宽度、输出耦合口位置等参量,研究了这些参量对谐振频率和品质因数的影响关系。研究表明：通过微调腔体长度并优化结构参数,可以将该装置的工作频率限制在规定的范围内;输入膜片缝隙由宽变窄的过程中,驻波比由大变小,达到临界耦合后,驻波比又由小变大,且谐振频率略有升高;品质因数与H-T分支的T形输出口的微波泄露密切相关,而该输出口泄露的大小随短路面到H-T分支中线的距离周期性变化。模拟得到的膜片距输出口中线长度为1 133.75 mm,分支中线到短路面的长度为95.25 mm,输入膜片宽9 mm,本征频率为9.387 2 GHz,输入耦合系数为1.15,品质因数为8 000。根据数值模拟结果,优化设计了一套脉冲压缩装置,实测得到的工作频率为9.388 4 GHz,输入耦合系数为1.03,品质因数为5 500。由于该装置输出口微波泄露较大,因此实测的品质因数比模拟的要小一些,这一点可以通过改进终端滑动短路面的调节方式来改善。     

合肥储存环电子束流寿命分析

电子束流寿命是个很重要的指标,直接影响合肥光源的正常运行,为此研究了影响束流寿命的因素,测量了高频腔压、耦合度以及束团长度对电子束流寿命的影响,研究显示合肥储存环的电子束流真空寿命和托歇克寿命相当;并且利用束损系统测量了因托歇克寿命的变化而造成束流损失的相对变化;通过增加耦合度增加束流的垂直发射度,有效地提高了束流的寿命,保证了合肥光源的正常运行。     

Theory of particle transport phenomena during fatigue and time-dependent fracture of materials based on mesoscale dynamics and their practical applications

In this work, the mesoscale mechanics of metals, which links their microscopic physics and macroscopic mechanics, was established. For practical applications, the laws for quantitatively predicting life of cycle and time-dependent fracture behavior such as fatigue, hydrogen embrittlement, and high-temperature creep were derived using particle transport phenomena theories such as dislocation group dynamics, hydrogen diffusion, and vacancy diffusion. Furthermore, these concepts were also applied for estimating the degree of viscoelastic deterioration of blood vessel walls, which is dominated by a time-dependent mechanism, and for the diagnosis of aneurysm accompanied by the viscoelastic deterioration of the blood vessel wall. In these theories, new mechanical indexes were derived as dominant factors for predicting the life of fatigue crack growth and the time-dependent fracture of notched specimens of materials such as hydrogen embrittlement and high-temperature creep. Furthermore, as an example of a practical application, these theories were applied to estimate the degree of viscoelastic deterioration and chaotic motions of blood vessel walls, which are closely related to blood vessel diseases such as atherosclerosis and aneurysm. Moreover, new indexes to diagnose them were also proposed for clinical applications.     

Dependence of calibration sensitivity of a polysulfone/Ru(II)-tris(4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline)-based oxygen optical sensor on its structural parameters

The optimum performance of an optical oxygen sensor based on polysulfone (PSF)/[Ru(II)-Tris(4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline)] octylsulfonate (Ru(dpp)OS) was checked by carefully tuning the parameters affecting the membrane preparation. In particular, membranes having thickness ranging between 0.2 and 8.0 μm with various luminophore concentrations were prepared by dip-coating and tested. The membrane thickness was controlled by tuning the solution viscosity, and was measured both by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) and by visible spectroscopy (Vis). Luminescence-quenching-based calibration was a single value of the Stern-Volmer constant (K^′SV) for membranes containing up to 20 mmol Ru(dpp) g⁻¹ PSF (1.35 μm average thickness). The K^′SV value decreased for larger concentration. The highest sensitivity was obtained with membrane thickness around 1.6 μm, having a response time close to 1 s. Thicker membranes exhibited an emission saturation effect and were characterized by longer response time. The K^′SV behavior was interpreted on the basis of a mathematical approach accounting for the contribution of luminescence lifetime (τ₀), oxygen diffusion coefficient (DO₂) and oxygen solubility inside the membrane (sO₂) establishing the role of all of them and allowing their experimental determination. Moreover, a simple experimental way to estimate K^′SV without needing calibration was proposed. It was based either on the light emission asymmetry or on the percent variation of light emission on passing from pure nitrogen to pure oxygen.     

Proteome Analysis of Aflibercept Intervention in Experimental Central Retinal Vein Occlusion

Aflibercept is a frequently used inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the treatment of macular edema following central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO). Retinal proteome changes following aflibercept intervention in CRVO remain largely unstudied. Studying proteomic changes of aflibercept intervention may generate a better understanding of mechanisms of action and uncover aspects related to the safety profile. In 10 Danish Landrace pigs, CRVO was induced in both eyes with an argon laser. Right eyes were treated with intravitreal aflibercept while left control eyes received isotonic saline water. Retinal samples were collected 15 days after induced CRVO. Proteomic analysis by tandem mass tag-based mass spectrometry identified a total of 21 proteins that were changed in content following aflibercept intervention. In retinas treated with aflibercept, high levels of aflibercept components were reached, including the VEGF receptor-1 and VEGF receptor-2 domains. Fold changes in the additional proteins ranged between 0.70 and 1.19. Aflibercept intervention resulted in a downregulation of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) (fold change = 0.84) and endoplasmin (fold change = 0.91). The changes were slight and could thereby not be confirmed with less precise immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Our data suggest that aflibercept had a narrow mechanism of action in the CRVO model. This may be an important observation in cases when macular edema secondary to CRVO is resistant to aflibercept intervention.     

Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Spiramycin in LPS-Activated RAW 264.7 Macrophages

Drug repurposing is a simple concept with a long history, and is a paradigm shift that can significantly reduce the costs and accelerate the process of bringing a new small-molecule drug into clinical practice. We attempted to uncover a new application of spiramycin, an old medication that was classically prescribed for toxoplasmosis and various other soft-tissue infections; specifically, we initiated a study on the anti-inflammatory capacity of spiramycin. For this purpose, we used murine macrophage RAW 264.7 as a model for this experiment and investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of spiramycin by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines. In the present study, we demonstrated that spiramycin significantly decreased nitric oxide (NO), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 levels in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Spiramycin also inhibited the expression of NO synthase (iNOS), potentially explaining the spiramycin-induced decrease in NO production. In addition, spiramycin inhibited the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs); extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun N terminal kinase (JNK) as well as the inactivation and subsequent nuclear translocation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). This indicated that spiramycin attenuates macrophages’ secretion of IL-6, IL-1β, and NO, inducing iNOS expression via the inhibition of the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. Finally, we tested the potential application of spiramycin as a topical material by human skin primary irritation tests. It was performed on the normal skin (upper back) of 31 volunteers to determine whether 100 μM and μM of spiramycin had irritation or sensitization potential. In these assays, spiramycin did not induce any adverse reactions. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that spiramycin can effectively attenuate the activation of macrophages, suggesting that spiramycin could be a potential candidate for drug repositioning as a topical anti-inflammatory agent.     

Single-Stage Extraction and Separation of Co2+ from Ni2+ Using Ionic Liquid of [C4H9NH3][Cyanex 272]

The purpose of this study was to optimize the extraction conditions for separating Co²⁺ from Ni²⁺ using N-butylamine phosphinate ionic liquid of [C₄H₉NH₃][Cyanex 272]. A Box–Behnken design of response surface methodology was used to analyze the effects of the initial pH, extraction time, and extraction temperature on the separation factor of Co²⁺ from sulfuric acid solution containing Ni²⁺. The concentrations of Co²⁺ and Ni²⁺ in an aqueous solution were determined using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry. The optimized extraction conditions were as follows: an initial pH of 3.7, an extraction time of 55.8 min, and an extraction temperature of 330.4 K. The separation factor of Co²⁺ from Ni²⁺ under optimized extraction conditions was 66.1, which was very close to the predicted value of 67.2, and the error was 1.7%. The equation for single-stage extraction with high reliability can be used for optimizing the multi-stage extraction process of Co²⁺ from Ni²⁺. The stoichiometry of chemical reaction for ion-exchange extraction was also investigated using the slope method.