Synthesis of New 1-Naphthol Aza Oxa Thia Crowns

Abstract

New dinaphthosulfide aza oxa thia crowns from 1-naphthol were prepared. At first, 2,2′-thiobis(1-hydroxynaphthalene) (a dinaphthol) was prepared from 1-naphthol. Then diester was prepared from the reaction of dinaphthol and methylchloroacetate. Aza crowns were synthesized from the reaction of diester and diamines (ethylene diamine, 1,3-diaminopropane, 1,4-diaminobutane, and 1,6-diaminohexane) in methanol.

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GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT      

Helicity Control in the Preparation of Chiral Co-crystals from Tryptamine and Achiral Carboxylic Acids by Pseudo-seeding

Abstract

Chiral crystals of tryptamine and achiral carboxylic acids such as p-chlorobenzoic acid, cinnamic acid, p-chlorocinnarnic acid and p-methylcinnamic acid were prepared by crystallization from the solutions of both components. All the crystals belonged to typical chiral space group P2₁2₁2₁. The crystal chirality is generated through the formation of a unidirectional twofold helix between the two components through quaternary ammonium salt interaction and hydrogen bonding in the lattice. This kind of spontaneous crystallization necessarily gives crystals of both clockwise and counterclockwise helicites. Here, pseudo-seeding based on utilizing these crystals as seed crystals was examined, resulting in successful helicity control in crystallization from solutions of tryptamine and different carboxylic acids.     

Understanding the Initial Decomposition Pathways of the n‐Alkane/Nitroalkane Binary Mixture

Addition of nitroalkanes into n‐alkanes can lower the activation barriers of free‐radical production and accelerate the decomposition of n‐alkanes at relatively low temperatures. Four initial decomposition mechanisms of the n‐butane/nitroethane binary mixture were proposed for the promoting effect and considered theoretically at the B3LYP, BB1K, BMK, MPW1K, and M06‐2X levels with MG3S basis set. Energetics above was compared to high‐level CBS‐QB3 and G4 calculations. Calculated results confirm the feasibility of the four initial decomposition pathways: (I) the C? NO₂ bond rupture of nitroethane to produce ethyl and ·NO₂, (II) HONO elimination from nitroethane followed by decomposition to ·OH and ·NO, (III) rearrangement of nitroethane to ethyl nitrite which further dissociates into CH₃CH₂O· and ·NO, and (IV) direct hydrogen‐abstraction of nitroethane with n‐butane.     

新颖的大环冠醚基对碘苯胺包合物：设计合成、晶体结构及介电性质

合成了新颖的有机-无机杂化超分子化合物,[(4-IA-NH3).(18-crown-6)]2.(Cu2Cl6)(1),4-IA-NH3=对碘苯胺离子,18-crown-6=18-冠-6。并通过红外光谱、粉末衍射、热重分析和单晶结构分析对化合物进行了充分表征。在转子定子型的超分子化合物1中,[(4-IA-NH3).(18-crown-6)]-超分子阳离子和(Cu2Cl6)2-阴离子交错堆积形成包合物结构。变温介电常数测量表明,在130~450 K范围内没有相变引起的介电异样。大环醚的热无序运动及由此引起的氢键偶极瞬间变化使得化合物在低频500 Hz和高温350 K以上具有较高的介电常数并伴随高的介电损耗。     

Optimizing the Photovoltaic Performance of Organic Solar Cells for Indoor Light Harvesting

Organic solar cells (OSCs) harvesting indoor light are highly promising for emerging technologies, such as internet of things. Herein, the photovoltaic performance of PTB7-Th:PC₇₁BM solar cells constructed using “optimized (with 1,8-diiodooctane (DIO))” and “non-optimized (without DIO)” processing conditions are compared for indoor and outdoor applications. We find that in comparison to the “optimized” solar cell, the “non-optimized” solar cell is less efficient under simulated solar light illumination (100 mW cm⁻², spectral range 350–1100 nm), owing to significant bimolecular charge carrier recombination losses. However, under simulated indoor illumination (3.28 mW cm⁻², spectral range 400–700 nm), bimolecular recombination losses are effective suppressed, thus the power conversion efficiency of the solar cell without DIO was increased to 14.7 %, higher than that of the solar cell with DIO (14.2 %). These results suggest that the common strategy used to optimize the OSCs could be undesired for indoor OSCs. We demonstrate that the efforts for realizing the desired “morphology” of the active layer for the outdoor OSCs may be unnecessary for indoor OSCs, allowing us to realize high-efficiency indoor OSCs using a non-halogenated solvent.     

含2,6-二甲酰胺基吡啶单元的大环合成、结构及其对四面体构型阴离子的络合性质

采用前体二胺N,N’-(3-胺基苯基)-2,6-二甲酰亚胺吡啶(1)和5,5’-亚甲基双水杨醛(2)进行缩合反应得到含酚羟基的 [1+1] 席夫碱大环L1, 将其中席夫碱C=N双键还原得到环状骨架更具柔性的饱和大环L2. 通过1H NMR、FABMS和元素分析等对大环组成进行了表征, 并通过X射线单晶衍射解析了两个大环的晶体结构. 采用UV-Vis 光谱滴定技术对大环与系列阴离子的络合作用进行了考察, 结果表明席夫碱大环L1对四面体构型的阴离子H2PO4-、 HP2O73-和H2P2O72-有明显的选择性识别作用, 进一步通过UV-Vis 光谱、核磁滴定等技术获得了识别反应的配位比及平衡常数(K), L1对3个磷酸阴离子的络合能力依H2PO4-、HP2O73-和H2P2O72-顺序递增。     

Ratiometric Detection of ATP by Fluorescent Cyclophanes with Bellows-Type Sensing Mechanism

Pyrene-based cyclophanes have been synthesized with the aim to realize a bellows-type sensing mechanism for the ratiometric detection of nucleotide concentrations in a buffered aqueous solution. The sensing mechanism involves the encapsulation of a nucleobase between two pyrene rings, which affects the monomer-excimer equilibrium of the receptor in the excited state. The nature of the spacer and its connection pattern to pyrene rings have been varied to achieve high selectivity for ATP. The 1,8-substituted pyrene-based cyclophane with the 2,2’-diaminodiethylamine spacer demonstrates the best selectivity for ATP showing a 50-fold increase in the monomer-excimer emission ratio upon saturation with the nucleotide. The receptor can detect ATP within the biological concentrations range over a wide pH range. NMR and spectroscopic studies have revealed the importance of hydrogen bonding and stacking interactions for achieving a required receptor selectivity. The probe has been successfully applied for the real-time monitoring of creatine kinase activity.     

Multiple Stimuli-Responsive Conformational Exchanges of Biphen[3]arene Macrocycle

Conformational exchanges of synthetic macrocyclic acceptors are rather fast, which is rarely studied in the absence of guests. Here, we report multiple stimuli-responsive conformational exchanges between two preexisting conformations of 2,2′,4,4′-tetramethoxyl biphen[3]arene (MeBP3) macrocycle. Structures of these two conformations are both observed in solid state, and characterized by ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR and 2D NMR in solution. In particular, conformational exchanges can respond to solvents, temperatures, guest binding and acid/base addition. The current system may have a role to play in the construction of molecular switches and other stimuli-responsive systems.     

Metal Ion Recognition. Interaction of New Oxygen-Nitrogen Donor Macrocycles with Selected Transition and Post-Transition Metal Ions

As part of an ongoing investigation of the factors influencing metal ionrecognition, we have investigated structure/function relationships involvingthe metal-ion binding by three new N-benzyl-substituted, 15- and 16-membered,macrocyclic ligands incorporating N₂O ₃- and N ₃O ₃-donor sets (withthe N ₃O ₃-system consisting of a N ₂O ₃-macrocyclic ring with an attachedCH ₂CH ₂NCH ₂C ₆H ₅ pendant arm). Selected solid complexes of thelatter ligand were isolated and the X-ray structures of individual Ni(II) and Ag(I) complexeswere obtained.Where solubility permitted, potentiometric titration studies in 95% methanolwere employed to investigate the binding affinities of all three ligand derivativestowards Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), Ag(I) and Pb(II). The 15-memberedN ₂O ₃-ring was found to be selective for Ag(I) over the other six metalsinvestigated, including Cu(II). However, the presence of a further nitrogen donorin the form of the pendant benzylamine functionality in the N ₃O ₃-donorsystem results in an increase in its binding affinity for Ag(I) but an even greaterincrease occurs for Cu(II). As a consequence, the latter ion is now more stronglybound than Ag(I). The factors influencing these respective selectivities are discussed.     

Kinetics of oxidation of nickel(II) aza macrocycles by peroxydisulphate in aqueous media

The kinetics of the oxidation of nickel (II) hexaaza and nickel (II) pentaaza macrocycles by the peroxydisulphate anion, S₂O₈ ²⁻, were studied in aqueous media. Effect of pH on reaction rate was also studied. The rate increases with increase of S₂O₈ ²⁻ concentration. Rates are almost independent of acid betweenpH 4 and 2, giving overall a relatively simple second-order rate law followed by oxidation within the ion pair solvent shell. Using rate =+1/2 d[Ni(L)³⁺]/dt =k[Ni(L)²⁺][S₂O₈ ²⁻], oxidation rate constants were determined.