石墨炉原子吸收法测定水系中的铍

用石墨炉原子吸收法测定水系中的铍,以Mg(NO3)2为基体改进剂,提高了测定铍的灵敏度,增强了测定铍的抗干扰能力。方法的线性范围为0－1．0μg/L,检出限为0．05μg/L。用于水库水、黄河水、饮用水和地下水等水中铍的测定,回收率为95％－110％。     

Use of a Selective Ion Electrode for Determination of Nitrate in Soils

Abstract

A procedure for determination of nitrate in soils involving use of the Orion nitrate-selective electrode is described. It is rapid, simple, and precise, and it gives quantitative recovery of nitrate added to soils. The results by this procedure agree closely with those obtained by extraction-distillation methods of determining, nitrate in soil.     

Ammonium Nitrate as an Eco–Friendly Oxidizer for Composite Solid Propellants: Promises and Challenges

Ammonium nitrate (AN) has received attraction globally not only as a nitrogenous fertilizer but also as an oxidizer in gas generators and propellants. Nowadays, great attention is being focused on the development of composite solid propellants with green oxidizers in realizing eco–friendly combustion products. The ammonium perchlorate (AP), which is the work horse oxidizer in composite propellant, needs replacement due to its environmental and human health issues. In this context, AN is regarded as an alternative to AP because of its easy availability and environmentally friendly chlorine free combustion products. However, AN has its own inherent drawbacks such as hygroscopicity, room temperature phase transition, and low burning rate. Recently, several studies have been focused on its phase stabilization and burning rate modification so as to develop solid propellants with improved properties. The knowledge of thermal characteristics of AN is a crucial factor for its applications in propellants and gas generators. This article details the different aspects of polymorphism, phase stabilization, thermal decomposition, hygroscopicity, specific impulse, and burn rate modification of AN and also addresses ways to overcome the inherent weakness of AN as a propellant oxidizer in formulating an effective propellant composition.     

A Computational Study of CIONO2H+: Structure and Vibrations

Two protonated forms of chlorine nitrate, HClONO⁺ ₂ and ClONO₂H⁺, are treated ab initio by the Hartree-Fock and the second order Møller-Plesset perturbation approach with the standard 6–31G* basis set. Both minimum energy structures are planar (C ₃ symmetry) and their structural, energy, and vibrational parameters are reported. The computations conclude that the proton attacks the chlorine nitrate at its central, not end, oxygen atom. The protonation causes a considerable elongation of the central ON bond which becomes most probable place of cleavage. The dissociation should yield the neutral HOCl and NO⁺ ₂. These quantum-chemical findings well agree with the previous experimental indications.

     

Reactions of Metal Salts and Alkali Metal Nitrates. Role of the Metal Precursors and Alkali Metal Ions in the Resulting Phase of Zirconia

Zirconia powders are prepared by reaction of a zirconium precursor with an alkali metal nitrate. The major part of the reactions takes place before the melting points and then the reactions go slowly to completion at 450°C in the molten salts. The roles of the precursor and the alkali metal ion are discussed considering the reaction between two precursors, octahydrated zirconium oxychloride and zirconium tetrachloride, and two nitrates, LiNO₃ and NaNO₃, and some resulting physico-chemical differences. The obtained zirconia powders contain very small amounts of alkali metal ions which act as stabilizing agent. Their effect on the balance tetragonal-monoclinic ZrO₂ depends upon the homogeneity of their distribution which is related to their ability to diffuse inside the bulk of particles and their polarizing power when located mainly on the surface.     

Etude du Systeme Ternaire H2O-Al(NO3)3-Mg(NO3)2 I - Isothermes 15, 25, 30, 40 et 50°C

The solid-liquid equilibria of the ternary system H₂ O-Al(NO₃ )₃ -Mg(NO₃ )₂ were studied at 15, 25, 30, 40 and 50°C by using a synthetic method which allows to determine all the characteristic points of isothermal sections. In all isotherms the liquidus exhibit two curves corresponding to the saturation in Mg(NO₃ )₂ ⋅6H₂ O and Al(NO₃ )₃ ⋅9H₂ O. Neither double salts nor mixed crystals are observed in the temperature and composition field studied. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

由游离的三氨基胍在非水溶剂中合成TAZ

由游离的三氨基胍和叠氮酸在非水溶剂中合成三氨基胍叠氮酸盐（ Ｔ Ａ Ｚ）,其结构由元素分析、质谱（ Ｍ Ｓ）和 Ｉ Ｒ谱所证实     

铀(Ⅵ)的二溴水杨醛缩二胺类双希夫碱及溶剂三元配合物的合成和表征

Nine new complexes [UO₂(Dbsal-o-Phdn)L][UO₂(Dbsalen)L] and [UO₂(Dbsalpn)L] [Dbsal-o-PhdnH 2=N,N′-o-phenylenebis-(3,5-dibromosalicylideneimine), DbsalenH₂=N,N′-ethylenebis (3,5-dibromosalicylideneimine), DbsalpnH₂=N,N′-1,2-propanylenebis (3,5-dibromosalicylideneimine), L=MeOH, EtOH, py] have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, UV, TG-DTA and molar conductance analysis. These complexes are proposed to have seven coordinate environment.     

Sol-Gel Synthesis of Transparent Alumina Gel and Pure Gamma Alumina by Urea Hydrolysis of Aluminum Nitrate

-Alumina was synthesized by a sol-gel method with the aluminum ion hydrolysis control performed by urea. The initial saturated Al³⁺/urea solution presented urea coordinated with the aluminum ion, as shown in the ¹³C NMR and ²⁷Al NMR spectra and longitudinal relaxation times, T ₁, from the latter. The substitution of water molecules in the Al³⁺ coordination shell by urea controlled the hydrolysis process and provided an extensive nucleation during the initial steps of the aluminum hydroxide formation due to urea thermolysis at 90°C. The resulting sol, composed of Al(OH)₃ nanoparticles, coalesced and became a transparent gel permeated by a solution of urea and the polycation ion [Al₁₃O₄(OH)₂₄(H₂O)₁₂]⁷⁺. The freshly prepared gel was transformed, under heating at 300°C, directly to -alumina, characterized by FTIR, ²⁷Al-MAS-NMR and S_BET techniques, without - or -phases, as a consequence of the high degree of homogeneity of the -alumina precursor.