具有刚性液晶元侧基的嵌段共聚物PHEMAChol-b-PBLG的合成及自组装研究

以胆固醇和谷氨酸苄酯为主要出发原料,采用可逆加成-断裂链转移(RAFT)自由基聚合、氨基酸环内酸酐(NCA)开环聚合(ROP)以及"点击化学"(click chemistry)组合方法,设计、合成了系列具有刚性液晶元侧基的聚甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯胆固醇碳酸酯-嵌段-聚谷氨酸苄酯(PHEMAChol-b-PBLG),并通过核磁共振(NMR)、红外光谱(FTIR)、凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)和静态光散射(SLS)对其化学结构进行了表征.运用热重分析仪(TGA)、热台偏光显微镜(POM)和示差扫描量热仪(DSC)研究了系列共聚物的热稳定性、液晶相结构及相转变行为,并通过固体红外、13C固体核磁共振(13C CP/MAS)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)研究了PBLG均聚物及系列嵌段共聚物中聚氨基酸多肽链段的二级结构.研究结果表明,系列嵌段共聚物均具有良好的热稳定性,表现为近似向列相的液晶织构,PBLG链段趋于呈刚直棒状的α-螺旋构型,且其多肽链段越长,二级结构越规整.进一步采用圆二色谱(CD)和透射电镜(TEM)对系列嵌段共聚物在四氢呋喃溶液中的二级结构及自组装行为进行了研究,制备得到纺锤形自组装聚集体和大复合胶束,并通过变性酸三氟乙酸的引入实现对嵌段共聚物中PBLG的二级结构及相应自组装聚集体形貌的有效调控.     

New selective O-debenzylation of phenol with Mg/MeOH

Carboxylate-benzyl and nitro-benzyl groups used in phenols protection were selectively debenzylated with 3-25 equiv of Mg in methanol at room temperature. Good yields of the desired phenols were obtained within 3-10 h from a wide variety of O-(carboxylate-benzyl)- or O-(nitro-benzyl)-phenols. Selective O-debenzylation was possible in the presence of O-(carboxylate-benzyl)- or O-(nitro-benzyl)-phenols with Mg/MeOH.     

Mn-Al和Cu-Mn-Al复合氧化物催化苯甲醇选择氧化反应

用溶胶-凝胶法制备了不同组成的Mn-Al和Cu-Mn-Al复合氧化物两组催化剂,用于苯甲醇选择氧化反应.用X射线衍射(XRD)、N2物理吸附(BET)、扫描电镜(SEM)、H_2程序升温还原(H_2-TPR)、O_2程序升温脱附(O_2-TPD)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)技术对催化剂进行了结构表征,考察了催化剂组成对催化活性的影响.结果表明:以甲苯为溶剂,O_2为氧化剂,353 K反应5 h,Mn_2Al和Cu_(0.3)Mn_(0.7)Al_2催化剂上的苯甲醇转化率分别为36.6%和40.9%,苯甲醛选择性均为100%.进一步研究表明:催化剂活性与其H2还原性和O_2吸附性有关,高活性的催化剂吸附氧多,生成的活性氧易参与反应.     

3,4-二氢-1-(4-哌啶基)-2(1H)-喹啉酮的合成

以苄胺为原料,经6步反应得到新型抗高血压药OPC-21268的中间体3,4-二氢-1-(4-哌啶基)-2(1H)-喹啉酮,总收率13．9％．     

硫酸氢钠催化合成羧酸苄酯

讨论了一水硫酸氢钠催化合成乙酸苄酯的条件。羧酸、苄醇和硫酸氢钠的质量比为 3∶2∶0 .1 45 ,以环己烷为溶剂 ,进行回流分水 ,合成了甲酸苄酯、乙酸苄酯、丙酸苄酯和丁酸苄酯 ,其收率为 68.5 %～ 84.1 %     

稀土固体超强酸SO_4~(2-)/TiO_2/La~(3+)催化合成丙酸苄酯

采用浸渍法制备了稀土固体超强酸SO2 -4/TiO2 /La3 + ,并运用IR、XRD和Hammett指示剂法对其进行了表征。以制备的固体超强酸SO2 -4/TiO2 3 + 为催化剂、丙酸和苯甲醇为原料合成了丙酸苄酯。考察了催化剂的制备条件及合成条件对酯化率的影响 ,结果显示催化剂最佳制备条件 :钛前体氧化物的浸渍液为含 0 0 7mol·L-1La3 + 的硫酸溶液 ,焙烧时间 3h ,焙烧温度 5 0 0℃。最佳反应条件 :醇酸摩尔比为 1∶2、催化剂用量为苯甲醇用量的 9 3%、反应时间 3h、反应温度 12 0℃ ,酯化率达 84 0 %以上。用IR、1H NMR等手段对产品进行了表征。     

Cu-BTC及其衍生物在苯甲醇选择氧化反应中的催化活性

以硝酸铜和均苯三甲酸(BTC)为原料,水热合成了一种金属有机骨架化合物Cu-BTC,在水相中催化苯甲醇选择氧化反应,H2O2氧化剂,优化了Cu-BTC的晶化条件.70℃反应1 h,Cu-BTC(110C/24 h)上的苯甲醇转化率为75.4%、苯甲醛选择性83.5%,但反应后Cu-BTC骨架完全塌陷.在氮气中高温焙烧Cu-BTC,制得衍生物Cu@C,也用于催化苯甲醇氧化反应.结果表明:Cu@C催化剂重复使用5次,可维持较高的苯甲醇转化率,但苯甲醛选择性有所下降.用X射线衍射(XRD)、N2物理吸附(BET)、热分析(TG-DSC)、红外光谱(FTIR)、能量色散X射线光谱分析(EDX)等技术对催化剂进行了结构表征,发现:Cu@C在反应中生成的Cu2O促进了苯甲醛的深度氧化.     

The ESI CAD fragmentations of protonated 2,4,6‐tris(benzylamino)‐ and tris(benzyloxy)‐1,3,5‐triazines involve benzyl–benzyl interactions: a DFT study

The electrospray ionization collisionally activated dissociation (CAD) mass spectra of protonated 2,4,6‐tris(benzylamino)‐1,3,5‐triazine (1) and 2,4,6‐tris(benzyloxy)‐1,3,5‐triazine (6) show abundant product ion of m/z 181 (C₁₄H₁₃⁺). The likely structure for C₁₄H₁₃⁺ is α‐[2‐methylphenyl]benzyl cation, indicating that one of the benzyl groups must migrate to another prior to dissociation of the protonated molecule. The collision energy is high for the ‘N’ analog (1) but low for the ‘O’ analog (6) indicating that the fragmentation processes of 1 requires high energy. The other major fragmentations are [M + H‐toluene]⁺ and [M + H‐benzene]⁺ for compounds 1 and 6, respectively. The protonated 2,4,6‐tris(4‐methylbenzylamino)‐1,3,5‐triazine (4) exhibits competitive eliminations of p‐xylene and 3,6‐dimethylenecyclohexa‐1,4‐diene. Moreover, protonated 2,4,6‐tris(1‐phenylethylamino)‐1,3,5‐triazine (5) dissociates via three successive losses of styrene. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that an ion/neutral complex (INC) between benzyl cation and the rest of the molecule is unstable, but the protonated molecules of 1 and 6 rearrange to an intermediate by the migration of a benzyl group to the ring ‘N’. Subsequent shift of a second benzyl group generates an INC for the protonated molecule of 1 and its product ions can be explained from this intermediate. The shift of a second benzyl group to the ring carbon of the first benzyl group followed by an H‐shift from ring carbon to ‘O’ generates the key intermediate for the formation of the ion of m/z 181 from the protonated molecule of 6. The proposed mechanisms are supported by high resolution mass spectrometry data, deuterium‐labeling and CAD experiments combined with DFT calculations. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Relative kinetics of the radical addition of benzyl bromide to unsaturated compounds

The relative rate constants of the addition of the C₆H₅CH₂ radical to unsaturated compounds CH₂=CHX (X = C₄H₉, SiMe₃, CF₃, CO₂Me, CN) were determined under the conditions of initiation by the Fe(CO)₅ + DMF system or by benzoyl peroxide. Depending on the values of the relative addition rate constants, the monomers can be arranged into the following series (X): CF₃C₄H₉32Mebenzyl radical has been shown. It was found that under the initiation conditions by the Fe(CO)₅ + DMF system, the addition stage proceeds by a free radical mechanism.A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Heteroorganic Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117813 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 9, pp. 2017–2022, September, 1992.     

Thermodynamic and kinetic characteristics of intermediates of electrode reactions. Comparative laser photoemission study of the kinetics of electron transfer for certain alkylaryl and alkylhalide radicals

Using the laser photoemission technique, a comparative study of thermodynamic and energy characteristics of electron transfer (ET) is carried out for a number of alkylaryl intermediates (IM) (benzyl, benzhydryl radicals) and alkyl halides (chloromethyl and dichloromethyl radicals). It is found that the standard free energies of activation of radicals under study are 0.34–0.38 eV and the preexpoential factors are between 10⁹ and 10¹⁰s^?1 and weakly depend on the solution nature. The reorganization energies of the medium for these IM are estimated in terms of the classical Marcus theory. The results are compared with the literature data on the dissociative ET in monohalogenomethanes CH₃Hal/CH₃Hal^?·, polychloromethanes CH_nHal_{4 ? n} /CH_nHal _4?n ^?· , and some other systems. Possible reasons for the different probabilities of observing reversible ET for IM under study are discussed.