A study of the aroma profiles of non-alcohol beer by thermal desorption and GC-MS

The aroma profiles of different types of low alcohol and non-alcohol beer have been compared by collection of volatile headspace compounds on Tenax resin and GC-MS analysis following thermal desorption. Some aroma compounds have been tentatively identified by NBS library search.     

固相萃取高效液相色谱法测定蜂王浆啤酒中的1O-羟基-2-癸烯酸

建立了固相萃取高效液相色谱法测定蜂王浆啤酒中10-羟基-2-癸烯酸含量的方法。采用固相萃取技术富集蜂王浆中的10-羟基-2-癸烯酸,以甲醇-水-磷酸(体积比为50：50：0．5)为流动相,ODS柱分离,用紫外检测器于215nm处检测。10-羟基-2-癸烯酸的浓度在0．5-100．0μg/mL范围内与其色谱峰峰面积呈良好线性关系(r=0．9999),回收率为98％-108％,RSD为2.1％。     

改进的流动注射催化光度法测定啤酒中微量甲醛

甲醛对KBrO3氧化结晶紫的催化作用可用来测量甲醛的含量,但该反应往往需要较高温度才能有效进行。当采用流动注射光度法测量时,加热产生的气泡使管路液体不连续。本实验通过自制的三通管,借助蠕动泵可将气泡在线地抽出而保证管路不断流,并将此方法用于啤酒中微量甲醛含量的测定。经优化发现,当V(1.0mol/LH3PO4)∶V(0.04mo1/LKBrO3)=1∶2的混合溶液与3.5×10-4mol/L结晶紫反应时,在90℃温度下反应60s可使催化体系和非催化体系的吸光度差值(ΔA)达到最大。甲醛浓度在0.05～2mg/L范围内与ΔA值有良好的线性关系(r>0.999);检出限为2.49μg/L;加标回收率为93.3%～102%。所测的5种不同品牌的啤酒样品中甲醛含量均低于发酵酒卫生标准(GB/T5009.49-2003)中的相关规定值。     

Efficient entrapment of inorganic Se species in water and beer samples with functional groups-rich monolith-based adsorbent

An efficient multiple fibers solid-phase microextraction method based on porous monolith was established for Se(IV) and Se(VI) analysis. Poly(4-vinylphenylboronic acid/styrene-co-ethylene dimethacrylate/divinylbenzene) monolith was fabricated and employed as the extraction phase for efficient entrapment of Se(IV) complexed with o-phenylenediamine, followed by elution with a methanol/formic acid (99/1.0, v/v) mixture and quantification by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector. The Se(VI) species was measured by the difference between total inorganic Se and Se(IV) after pre-reduction. Different characterization techniques were employed to inspect the structure and morphology of prepared adsorbent. A series of key extraction factors were optimized so as to achieve the expected extraction performance. Under the optimized separation and capture parameters, the linear range and limit of detection for Se(IV) in water sample were 0.050–200 and 0.013 μg/L, respectively. For beer sample, the corresponding values were 0.010–300 and 0.032 μg/L. The developed microextraction approach was successfully utilized to detect trace Se(IV) and Se(VI) in environmental water and beer samples with satisfactory fortified recovery and repeatability. Results well reveal the attractive merits of the established method in the analysis of Se species, including simple preparation of adsorbent, convenient extraction procedure, good sensitivity, high cost-effectiveness, and eco-friendliness.     

Expedient Synthesis of Lupulones and Their Derivatization to 2,8-7H-Dihydrochromen-7-ones

A convenient and improved method for the synthesis of beta acids or lupulones, which are known to possess e. g. anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and antimicrobial activity, has been developed successfully. Further derivatization of these complex structures to the corresponding dihydrochromen-7-ones, including the natural product machuone, was realized to simplify their analysis and to confirm their molecular structure. In addition to practical and safe laboratory procedures, the advantages associated with this new approach involve the use of water as a solvent and the direct crystallization of lupunones from acetonitrile, rendering our strategy more efficient and benign as compared to available methods.     

Chiral separation of isoxanthohumol and 8‐prenylnaringenin in beer,hop pellets and hops by HPLC with chiral columns

Xanthohumol, isoxanthohumol, and 8‐prenylnaringenin in beer, hop and hop pellet samples were analyzed by HPLC using an InertSustain phenyl column and the mobile phase containing 40% methanol and 12% 2‐propanol. Fractions of isoxanthohumol and 8‐prenylnaringenin obtained by the above HPLC were separately collected. Isoxanthohumol and 8‐prenylnaringenin were enantioseparated by HPLC using a Chiralcel OD‐H column with a mobile phase composed of hexane–ethanol (90:10, v/v) and a Chiralpak AD‐RH column with a mobile phase composed of methanol–2‐propanol–water (40:20:40, v/v/v), respectively. Isoxanthohumol and 8‐prenylnaringenin from beer, hop and hop pellet samples were found to be present in a racemic mixture. This can be explained by the fact that the two analytes were produced by a nonenzymatic process. The effects of boiling conditions on the conversion of xanthohumol into isoxanthohumol were also studied. A higher concentration of ethanol in heating solvent resulted in a decrease in the conversion ratio and the conversion was stopped by addition of ethanol at >50% (v/v). The isomerization was significantly affected pH (2−10) and the boiling medium at pH 5 was minimum for the conversion. Therefore, it was suggested that xanthohumol was relatively difficult to convert to isoxanthohumol in wort (pH 5−5.5) during boiling.     

Tracing the origin of beer samples by NMR and chemometrics: Trappist beers as a case study

An NMR and chemometric analytical approach to classify beers according to their brand identity was developed within the European TRACE project (FP6‐2003‐FOOD‐2‐A, contract number: 0060942). Rochefort 8 Trappist beers (47 samples), other Trappist beers (76 samples) and non‐Trappist beers (110 samples) were analyzed by ¹H NMR spectroscopy. Selected NMR signals were measured and used to build classification models. Three different classification problems were identified, namely Trappist versus non‐Trappist, Rochefort versus Non‐Rochefort, and Rochefort 8 versus non‐Rochefort 8. In all the three cases, both a discriminant and a modeling approaches were followed, using partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA) and soft independent modeling of class analogies (SIMCA), respectively, leading to very high classification accuracy as evaluated by external validation. Information regarding chemical composition was also obtained: Trappist beers contain a higher amount of formic and pyruvic acids and a lower amount of acetic acid and alanine with respect to non‐Trappist ones. Rochefort beers turned out to have also a higher content of propanol and isopentanol with respect to non‐Rochefort samples. Finally, Rochefort 8, shows the highest content of pyruvic acid and the lowest content of gallic, fumaric, acetic acids, adenosine, uridine, 2‐phenylethanol, GABA, and alanine.     

Poly(methacrylic acid‐ethylene glycol dimethacrylate‐N‐vinylcarbazole) monolithic column for the enrichment of trace benzodiazepines from urine and beer samples

A sensitive microextraction method based on a new poly(methacrylic acid‐ethylene glycol dimethacrylate‐N‐vinylcarbazole) monolithic capillary column, coupled with gas chromatography and electron capture detection, was established for the determination of three benzodiazepines (estazolam, alprazolam, and triazolam) in urine and beer samples. Owing to the abundant π electrons and polar surface of N‐vinylcarbazole, N‐vinylcarbazole‐incorporated monolith showed a higher extraction performance than neat poly(methacrylic acid‐ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) because of the enhanced π–π stacking interactions derived from the π‐electron‐rich benzene groups from N‐vinylcarbazole. The monolith exhibited a homogeneous and continuous structure, good permeability, and a long lifetime. Factors affecting the extraction such as solution pH, salt concentration, sample volume, desorption solvent, and desorption volume were investigated. Under the optimized conditions, limits of detection of 0.011–0.026 ng/mL were obtained. The one‐column and column‐to‐column precision values were ≤7.2 and ≤9.8%, respectively. The real samples were first diluted with deionized water and then treated by the monolith microextraction before gas chromatography analysis. The recoveries were 81.4–93.3 and 83.3–94.7% for the spiked samples, with relative standard deviations of 4.1–8.1 and 3.8–8.5%, respectively. This method provides an accurate, simple, and sensitive detection platform for drug analysis.     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法同时测定啤酒中的4种异构化α-酸

建立了固相萃取-高效液相色谱同时测定啤酒中4种异构化α-酸的方法。采用Sep-Pak C18萃取柱,系统研究了啤酒中异构化α-酸的最佳固相萃取条件。选择以2 mL酸化甲醇为洗脱溶剂,萃取前调啤酒样品的pH至2.5。该方法准确可靠,重现性好,4种异构化α-酸的回收率为90.6%～96.4%,相对标准偏差小于4%。异α-酸、二氢异α-酸、四氢异α-酸和六氢异α-酸的最低检测限依次为0.14,0.36,0.33和0.53 mg/L。