Chemical Profiling and Antimicrobial Properties of Honey Bee (Apis mellifera L.) Venom

The incidence of antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria has become an alarming clinical and social problem. Therefore, the demand for alternative antimicrobial compounds has increased. In this study, a chemical profile of honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) venom (HBV) has been determined by HPLC and FTIR-ATR spectroscopy, and tested for antibacterial activity, as well as efficiency with regard to conventional antibiotics. The investigated HBV was of high quality with melittin and total protein contents of 70.10 ± 7.01%, and 84.44 ± 3.12 g/100 g, respectively. The purity of HBV was confirmed by FTIR-ATR spectral profiling, which revealed a unique pattern of absorption bands that are characteristic of its major fractions. In addition, HBV showed a broad spectrum of activity against all three tested biomasses of potentially pathogenic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria with MIC values ranging between 12.5 and 200 µg/mL, and MBC between 12.5 and 400 µg/mL. When compared to conventional antibiotics, HBV (400 µg) showed up to 27.8% efficiency of tetracycline (30 µg), 52.2% erythromycin (15 µg), 21.2% ciprofloxacin (5 µg), and 34.6% of ampicillin-sulbactam (20 µg). The overall results demonstrate the therapeutic potential of the analyzed HBV.     

热损耗条件下导热系数反演模型及实验研究

通过导热反问题反演求解导热系数通常误差较大,本文构建考虑热损耗条件下的虚拟薄板模型精确求解导热系数。首先通过数值算例验证模型的准确性和稳定性,正向问题使用有限差分法进行求解,反问题求解采用人工蜂群算法进行目标函数最优化。然后搭建第二类边界条件下导热正向装置,进行导热系数实例反演和实验研究,并将新模型与理论模型反演结果对比分析。结果表明理论模型反演结果的相对误差约为-14.76%,而新模型下导热系数反演相对误差达到-4.67%。新模型较理论模型反演结果更精确,有效降低了热损耗对反演的影响,提高了反演精度,更符合实际工况。     

香榧小孢子叶球的发育及花粉超微结构研究

香榧Torreya grondis Foft.ex Lindl.小孢子叶球发生于当年生新枝的叶腋内,8月末出现小孢子叶突起,9月形成小孢子囊,10月到第二年的3月初小孢子母细胞大量形成,3月中旬,小孢子母细胞减数分裂,4月上旬是单核花粉期,4月中旬是二核花粉期。在花粉的发育过程中不形成原叶体细胞。 不良的温度影响花粉的正常发育,从而形成大量的败育花粉。败育花粉通常比正常花粉要小一些,充满淀粉粒,花粉壁薄,细胞中线粒体、内质网少,线粒体嵴发育不良,核质浓缩成几团,生理活性低,糖的代谢受阻。此外,还见到一些膜状溶酶体,使花粉中的原生质体发生自溶。     

Pico·Tag方法测定油松花粉中的氨基酸含量

An improved reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography(RP-HPLC)method is describedfor determination of amino acids in pollen of Pinus tabulaeformis.All 17 kinds of amino acids are derivatizedwith phenylisothiocyanate(PITC)and then separated on a Pico· Tag column in 12 minutes.This method israpid,sensitive,accurate and reproducible.     

The Profile of Polyphenolic Compounds,Contents of Total Phenolics and Flavonoids,and Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties of Bee Products

This study aimed to characterize bee products (bee bread, bee pollen, beeswax, and multiflorous honey) with the profile of phenolic compounds, total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid (TFC) contents, and antioxidant and microbiological properties. The TP and TF contents could be ordered as follows: bee pollen > bee bread > beeswax > honey. The UPLC−PDA−MS/MS analysis allowed identifying 20 polyphenols. Sinapic acid dominated in bee pollen, gallic acid in the bee bread and honey, while pinobanksin was the major compound of beeswax. The data showed that bee pollen and bee bread had a stronger antioxidant potential than honey and beeswax. Moreover, the antibacterial activity of the bee products was studied using 14 bacterial strains. Bee bread’s and bee pollen’s antimicrobial activity was higher towards Gram-negative strains. In comparison, honey was more potent in inhibiting Gram-positive bacteria. Our study indicates that bee products may represent valuable sources of bioactive compounds offering functional properties.     

航天诱变番茄花粉的红外光谱研究

应用傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR),测试分析了4种番茄花粉样品的一维红外谱和二阶导数谱。结果表明,番茄花粉富含蛋白质、氨基酸和碳水化合物类成分;航天诱变选育番茄花粉的图谱与普通系统选育花粉的图谱基本类似,但在个别峰位处发生了变异。2种航天诱变选育花粉产生的共同变异是CH₃和C—O振动峰增强;不同的是大小番茄航天诱变选育花粉分别在酰胺Ⅰ带和酰胺Ⅱ带处的吸收增加。     

新疆繁缕属植物花粉形态学研究

通过光学显微镜和扫描电镜，本文对新疆产繁缕属１２种１变种植物的花粉进行了系统研究，结果表明，繁楼属植物花粉为球形，散孔类型，萌发孔１２－１４个；表面为颗粒状纹饰，夹杂有穴状纹饰；外壁多分两层，外层厚于内层；该属花粉可分为两种类型，即：孔膜突出型和孔膜下隐型，花粉特征中，萌发孔数目，孔膜特征，表面纹饰等具有分类意义。     

2-(11H-苯[a]咔唑)乙基氯甲酸酯柱前衍生化用于氨基酸的高效液相色谱分析

利用新型荧光试剂2-(11H-苯[a]咔唑)乙基氯甲酸酯(BCEC-Cl)作为柱前衍生化试剂,在HypersilBDS C18(200mm×4.6mm,5μm)反相色谱柱上,采用梯度洗脱对20种氨基酸衍生物进行了分离检测。在乙腈与Na2B4O7缓冲液中,室温下BCEC-Cl与氨基酸反应5min可实现完全衍生。检测的激发和发射波长分别为λex=279nm,λem=380nm。采用柱后质谱电喷雾离子源(ESI source)正离子模式,实现了水解牛血清白蛋白中氨基酸和油菜蜂花粉中氨基酸的定性定量检测。荧光定性检测的线性回归系数均大于0.9990,检出限为1.49~19.74fmol(S/N=3)。     

ZrO2中空微球的模板法制备及吸附性能研究

以油菜花粉为生物模板,通过温和易控的水浴-陈化法制备了纳/微米结构ZrO2中空微球.利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线能谱(EDS)、X射线衍射(XRD)、比表面孔隙度分析、热分析等对所制备的产物和前驱体进行了表征,并对产物的吸附性能进行了初步的研究.结果表明,ZrO2中空微球的球壳由纳米粒子构筑并形成介孔结构.花粉模板前处理方式不同,其模板作用不同,可以获得两种不同球壳厚度、表面形貌和比表面积的ZrO2中空微球.其中"镂空"结构的ZrO2微球对铬黑T有良好的吸附性能.对ZrO2中空结构形成的机理进行了分析和讨论.     

A hybrid multi-objective artificial bee colony algorithm for burdening optimization of copper strip production

To achieve burdening process optimization of copper strips effectively, a nonlinear constrained multi-objective model is established on the principle of the actual burdening. The problem is formulated with two objectives of minimizing the total cost of raw materials and maximizing the amount of waste material thrown into melting furnace. In this paper, a novel approach called “hybrid multi-objective artificial bee colony” (HMOABC) to solve this model is proposed. The HMOABC algorithm is new swarm intelligence based multi-objective optimization technique inspired by the intelligent foraging behavior of honey bees, summation of normalized objective values and diversified selection (SNOV-DS) and nondominated sorting approach. Two test examples were studied and the performance of HMOABC is evaluated in comparison with other nature inspired techniques which includes nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGAII) and multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO). The numerical results demonstrate HMOABC approach is a powerful search and optimization technique for burdening optimization of copper strips.