Capillary electrophoresis in allergen preparation research and in production control

A CE method has been developed for the analysis of wasp venoms and pollen extracts of Phleum pratense and Betula verrucosa. Various electrolyte systems can be used but the best separation and reproducibility are attained in 0.15 mol/l phosphoric acid, pH 1.8. UV photometric detection at 190 nm is sufficiently sensitive for determination of the polypeptides and glycoproteins contained in these materials (the detection limit for phospholipase A₂ is 0.4 ng). The allergens from wasp venoms and pollen extracts yield characteristic electropherograms which can be used for control of the allergen production. Modification of capillary wall with poly(ethylhydroxy methacrylate) causes a decrease in the migration times and the separation efficiency is retained.     

Synthesis of the Honey-Bee Attractant 13-Hydroxy-2-oxotridecane

13-Hydroxy-2-oxotridecane, which is isolated from extract ofEvodia hupehensisDode honey-bee eggs and actively attracts honey bees, is synthesized via ozonolysis of 1-methylcyclododecene and tetradec-13-en-2-one, the product from monoalkylation of the acetoacetic ester with 1-bromo-10-undecene followed bydecarbethoxylation, with further reduction of the intermediate peroxides using NaBH(OAc) ₃     

金团簇结构的人工蜂群算法研究

采用具有群体智能的蜂群优化算法(ABC)结合半经验Gupta原子间相互作用势对金团簇Aun(n=2~100)的稳定结构、结合能(Eb)、平均结合能(Eab)、平均间距(ra)、对称性(PG)、一阶差分(∆E1)和二阶差分(∆E2)进行了研究。结果表明: 一、ABC算法在中小尺度团簇上具有良好的全局寻优能力,其与遗传算法(GA)、动态格点搜索(DLS)等算法结果吻合非常好,当团簇尺度增大时,与其它算法一样,标准ABC算法的全局最优搜索能力也逐渐减弱;二、ABC算法中三参数取值对最优解获取有直接影响,当团簇尺度n小于60时,中等参数值即能获得最优解,当n大于60时,为平衡计算时间和精度,较大的最大迭代次数(gmax)、中等或偏小的可行解尺度(SN)和最大侦查蜂数目(glimit)取值是一种较好的选择;三、通过对ABC和文献结果比较,几个金团簇的新低能结构被提出和确认,另外,本文首次对Au91~Au99进行了系统描述。     

基于双高斯衰减模型的超声回波处理方法

信号降噪与特征提取是超声检测数据处理的关键技术.基于超声信号有特定结构而噪声和超声信号的结构无关,本文提出一种旨在解决强噪声背景下超声回波的参数估计和降噪问题的方法.该方法将超声回波的参数估计和降噪问题转换为函数优化问题,首先根据工程经验建立超声信号的双高斯衰减数学模型,然后根据观测回波和建立的超声信号模型确定目标函数,接着选择人工蜂群算法对目标函数进行优化从而得到参数的最优估计值,最后由估计出的参数根据建立的超声信号数学模型重构出无噪的超声估计信号.通过仿真和实验表明本文方法可以准确估计出信噪比大于-10 dB的含噪超声回波中的无噪信号,且效果优于基于自适应阈值的小波降噪方法和经验模态分解方法;此外相比常用的指数模型和高斯模型,本文提出的双高斯衰减超声信号模型与实测超声信号更接近,其均方误差为9.4×10~(-5),波形相似系数为0.98.     

离子注入对黑松花粉粒和花粉管内骨架系统的损伤效应

以黑松花粉粒和花粉管为试验材料, 研究了离子注入对细胞骨架系统的损伤效应。研究结果表明, 离子注入会不同程度地破坏花粉管内微管网络的完整性, 花粉管形态的异常状态与其微管骨架结构的异常状态密切相关。离子注入对黑松花粉管内的微管骨架系统的正常结构有明显的效应, 这种效应的明显程度与离子注入剂量有一定的相关性, 即随着离子注入剂量的增加, 微管骨架系统受到破坏的程度更加明显。离子注入对黑松花粉管内微丝骨架系统的分布状态有明显的影响, 其程度也与离子注入剂量的大小存在一定的相关性。     

松花粉的红外光谱、扫描电镜和X射线能谱仪分析

建立了利用傅里叶变换红外光谱法(FTIR)、扫描电镜 (SEM) 和X射线能谱对4种松花粉和破壁马尾松花粉中的主要营养成分和常见微量元素进行定性定量分析的方法。红外图谱分析结果表明：马尾松、云南松、油松和赤松均有其自己的红外光谱特征,根据谱图特征吸收峰的相对强度的差异可以对松花粉中主要营养成分进行鉴别分析。破壁和天然马尾松花粉的红外图谱差异较显著,说明松花粉破壁对于营养成分的释放有一定意义。扫描电镜和X射线能谱分析显示：4种松树花粉从远极面和近极面观皆呈椭圆形或近圆形,主体的表面纹饰结构基本相同为颗粒状纹饰,颗粒大小差别较大。破壁与天然马尾松花粉的形态差别主要在于气囊从花粉主体颗粒上分离、破碎,有部分花粉颗粒主体的碎片从主体脱落。X射线能谱分析在松花粉中共发现Mg,Se,Si,Sr,P,S,Cl,K,Ca,Mn,Fe共11种无机元素,其中K元素含量最高。4种松花粉中无机元素含量差别比较明显,破壁马尾松花粉的元素能谱强度显著高于天然马尾松。     

镧离子及其配合物对植物花粉细胞质膜透性及花粉萌发的影响

以植物花粉细胞为试验体系 ,研究La3 及其配合物对花粉质膜透性及花粉萌发的影响。La3 浓度为 1× 10 - 7～ 1× 10 - 4 mol·L- 1 ,可显著减小细胞的质膜透性 ;稀土稳定配合物La3 EDTA对细胞质膜透性基本无影响 ,而La3 柠檬酸、La3 酒石酸的配合物对质膜透性的影响与其配比有关 ,当配比不大于 1∶3时 ,明显降低质膜透性 ,达到 1∶10时 ,无任何作用。La3 浓度在合适的范围内 ( 2 5～ 2 0 μmol·L- 1 )对花粉萌发有明显的促进作用。因此 ,La3 及其某些配合物浓度在 1× 10 - 6 ～ 1× 10 - 5 mol·L- 1 范围内不仅可以减小花粉细胞的质膜透性 ,而且还能促进花粉萌发。     

北疆表土孢粉组合的灰色关联度分析

本文在对北疆20块表土样品分析的基础上,将灰色系统理论的概念应用于表土孢粉组合研究,用关联度分析权重指数和法探讨了北疆部分植被类型生境与孢粉组合之间的关系,并归纳出环境评价等级指数和与植被带的对应关系,经初步检验,对应关系与实际状况基本相符,此方法将有利于运用孢粉分析手段较迅速而准确地解决新疆第四纪古生态环境及其演化问题。     

A Review on Recent Progress of Stingless Bee Honey and Its Hydrogel-Based Compound for Wound Care Management

Stingless bee honey has a distinctive flavor and sour taste compared to Apis mellifera honey. Currently, interest in farming stingless bees is growing among rural residents to meet the high demand for raw honey and honey-based products. Several studies on stingless bee honey have revealed various therapeutic properties for wound healing applications. These include antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and moisturizing properties related to wound healing. The development of stingless bee honey for wound healing applications, such as incorporation into hydrogels, has attracted researchers worldwide. As a result, the effectiveness of stingless bee honey against wound infections can be improved in the future to optimize healing rates. This paper reviewed the physicochemical and therapeutic properties of stingless bee honey and its efficacy in treating wound infection, as well as the incorporation of stingless bee honey into hydrogels for optimized wound dressing.     

A morphological view of the relationship between indirect flight muscle maturation and the flying needs of two species of advanced eusocial bees

This paper describes the flight muscles changes in relation to the age/function of the adult members of the colonies of two advanced species of eusocial bees: Apis mellifera (Apini) and Scaptotrigona postica (Meliponini). Here, are reported the results obtained through transmission electron microscopy studies, first describing a general overview of the flight muscle ultrastructure and second reporting on the ultrastructural changes that occur along the life stages/functions of workers, queens and males. The workers emerge with immature flight muscles, and the maturation takes about 20 days. In contrast, queens and males emerged with more advanced muscle differentiation, similar to workers after the 20 days of maturation. In both forager workers and laying queens, flight muscles showed signs of senescence, but not in sexually mature males. The differences among life phases, individual classes and species are discussed in relation to their functions in the colony.