Application of bamboo laminates in large-scale wind turbine blade design

From the viewpoint of material and structure in the design of bamboo blades of large-scale wind turbine, a series of mechanical property tests of bamboo laminates as the major enhancement materials for blades are presented. The basic mechanical characteristics needed in the design of bamboo blades are briefly introduced. Based on these data, the aerodynamic-structural integrated design of a 1.5 MW wind turbine bamboo blade relying on a conventional platform of upwind, variable speed, variable pitch, and doubly-fed generator is carried out. The process of the structural layer design of bamboo blades is documented in detail. The structural strength and fatigue life of the designed wind turbine blades are certified. The technical issues raised from the design are discussed. Key problems and direction of the future study are also summarized.     

基于同步辐射X射线相衬显微CT技术的竹木复合材料胶合界面特征研究

第三代同步辐射光源X射线相位衬度显微CT能获得样品内部结构的边缘增强图像,实现对低Z材料成像。利用上海同步辐射光源X射线相衬显微成像技术,实现了竹木复合材料中EPI和MUF胶合界面和胶黏剂渗透特征的无损探测,并基于这些特征分析了几种不同加工工艺对胶黏剂在木材和竹材中渗透的影响。该技术为人造板工艺解剖学研究提供了一种重要无损检测手段。     

自制炭阱吸附装置与气相色谱-质谱联用测定植物的挥发性有机物

设计组装了炭阱吸附装置,并与气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用测定了银杏叶和利马豆的挥发性有机物。采用炭阱吸附装置与固相微萃取(SPME)收集银杏叶的挥发性有机物,用GC-MS进行分析,结果表明采用炭阱吸附装置对银杏叶挥发性有机物的富集效果优于SPME方法。实验还采用内标法对利马豆的挥发性有机物进行了初步的定量,两次实验结果的重复性较好。由于炭阱吸附装置能够很好地收集植物的挥发性有机物,且可以进行多个样品的平行实验及植物挥发性有机物的定量研究,因此炭阱吸附装置与GC-MS联用更适合用于实验室中植物挥发性有机物的研究。     

Effect of surface oxygen complexes of sugar charcoal on the half cell potential of carbon-nickel ferrite electrodes

Carbon-nickel ferrite electrodes were prepared by pressing equal amounts of charcoals and nickel ferrite using ABS polymer (in acetone + benzene) as binder on a steel mesh. The half cell potentials reported were measured with reference to saturated calomel electrode. The electrolyte used was 4-N potassium hydroxide and fuel used was methanol. The surface oxygen complexes on the charcoals were varied (i) by heat-treating the sugar charcoal in vacuum at 400, 750 and 1000° C and (ii) by boiling in 4N.HNO₃ for different intervals of time. Half cell potential measured increases with the increase of oxygen content of the charcoals. The oxygen complex which is disposed off as carbon dioxide imparts polarity to the charcoal surface, and is largely responsible for the increase in potential.     

Chemoselective Transfer Hydrogenation of Cinnamaldehyde over Activated Charcoal Supported Pt/Fe3O4 Catalyst

A variety of spherical and structured activated charcoal supported Pt/Fe₃O₄ composites with an average particle size of ～100 nm have been synthesized by a self-assembly method using the difference of reduction potential between Pt (IV) and Fe (Ⅱ) precursors as driving force. The formed Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) effectively prevent the aggregation of Pt nanocrystallites and promote the dispersion of Pt NPs on the surface of catalyst, which will be favorable for the exposure of Pt active sites for high-efficient adsorption and contact of substrate and hydrogen donor. The electron-enrichment state of Pt NPs donated by Fe₃O₄ nanocrystallites is corroborated by XPS measurement, which is responsible for promoting and activating the terminal C=O bond of adsorbed substrate via a vertical configuration. The experimental results show that the activated charcoal supported Pt/Fe₃O₄ catalyst exhibits 94.8% selectivity towards cinnamyl alcohol by the transfer hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde with Pt loading of 2.46% under the optimum conditions of 120℃ for 6 h, and 2-propanol as a hydrogen donor. Additionally, the present study demonstrates that a high-efficient and recyclable catalyst can be rapidly separated from the mixture due to its natural magnetism upon the application of magnetic field.     

“Eclipse”卷烟的热重/差热分析

为了对新型卷烟产品进行剖析,利用热重/差热分析研究了空气氛围下典型性碳加热卷烟"Eclipse"各组成成分的热行为,并计算了主要失重温度段的活化能。结合热失重数据和组成结构对其分解机理进行初步推断和验证。结果表明:1碳棒在356~560℃燃烧放热,失重65%,活化能为149.44 k J/mol,热重/差热分析显示含有碳酸钙成分,空气氛围下碳棒燃烧热解更完全;2200~380℃为卷烟纸主要的热解失重阶段,失重62%,主要是纤维素热解造成。其中碳酸钙含量为12%左右,金属箔为铝箔;3薄片1在191~364℃失重49%,可能是单糖、小分子物质以及纤维素热分解。薄片2在97~253℃失重51%,保润剂、水分和挥发性物质受热分解以及纤维素晶体单糖和其他一些小分子物质因热裂解。薄片1和薄片3结构和成分相似,都接近传统卷烟烟丝,薄片2含更多的单糖和水分。本研究为新型卷烟材料和热源的研发积累详实数据,为进一步研制烟叶原料加热非燃烧状态下化学成分释放和烟丝配比的实验装置和分析方法奠定基础。     

生物质竹炭对水中Cd~(2+)的吸附行为研究

以竹炭和经化学改性竹炭作为吸附剂,研究其对水溶液中Cd2+的吸附特性,探讨了竹炭对Cd2+的吸附热力学和吸附动力学性质,通过单因子优化实验探讨了温度、竹炭投加量和p H值对吸附效果的影响。结果表明:竹炭及改性竹炭对Cd2+的吸附动力学过程符合准二级动力学模型,在18h可达到平衡;其等温吸附曲线符合Langmuir方程,最大吸附量分别为10.18mg/g和16.71mg/g;两者对Cd2+的吸附受温度的影响较小;竹炭及改性竹炭的最佳投加量分别为0.8g、0.6g;p H对竹炭及改性竹炭吸附Cd2+的影响较大,在p H 2~6范围时,竹炭及改性竹炭对Cd2+的吸附量随p H的增加而增加。     

竹节晶界内耗峰的发现及其机理的研究

80年代以来,我们在含有竹节晶界的高纯铝试样里发现了一个坐落在温度低于细晶粒间界内耗峰(葛峰)峰温处的内耗峰。关于这个内耗峰的来源问题引起了国内外一些学者的争论,有人认为这个峰可能就是向低温移动了的葛峰,而不是一个新的内耗峰。 我们对于这个内耗峰作了系统深入研究,发现它的表现与葛峰截然不同。例如,葛峰的高度不随晶粒尺寸而变,而竹节峰的高度则与试样中所含的竹节晶界的数目成正比。另外,葛峰随着退火温度的提高而向高温移动,而竹节峰则向低温移动。对试样进行的透射电子显微镜观察表明,在竹节晶界附近有位错亚结构出现。因此我们认为,在晶界进行粘滞滑动时,出现在竹节晶界附近并与之相交的位错亚结构被晶界所拖曳,从而限制了晶界的粘滞滑动,从而引起内耗峰。 根据上述观点,我们采用了一个4参数力学模型来描述竹节晶界内耗峰的弛豫行为。根据这个模型推导出来的内耗峰和模量弛豫的表达式,以及内耗峰和模量弛豫出现的实验条件,都与实验结果相符。 总结我们从一系列条件试验所得到的启示,我们采用了片状试样作实验,终于得出了竹节晶界峰与葛峰同时出现的结果,这就确切地指明了竹节晶界峰是一个与葛峰不同的新的内耗峰。      

箬叶水溶性多糖的色谱研究

采用纸色谱和气相色谱法研究了从湖北恩施地区生长的箬竹叶中分离纯化的水溶性多糖的单糖组成。在纸色谱分析中,探讨了四种溶剂系统和三种显色剂体系在单糖定性鉴定中的应用,发现展开剂正丁醇∶吡啶∶水（６∶４∶３）和显色剂苯胺－邻苯二甲酸分离效果最好,并可区分五碳和六碳糖。气相色谱分析采用武汉大学研制的开链冠醚为固定相,结果表明其单糖组成为鼠李糖：１４％,岩藻糖：５３％,甘露糖：１２％,葡萄糖：８％,半乳糖：１３％,与文献报道的日本竹叶多糖极不相同。