Silica Gel Catalysed Rearrangement of α-Epoxyketones to 1,2-Diketones

A convenient and simple method for the preparation of diphenylpropane-1,2-diones is described. The process involves rearrangement of α-epoxyketones on silica gel; an unusual migration of a proton instead of the more common benzoyl migration.     

竹质框架模型受侧向冲击测试及分析简

针对第六届全国大学生结构设计竞赛命题要求设计一个四层缩尺竹质吊脚楼框架,测试其在侧向冲击载荷作用下的加速度响应. 采用有限元软件LS-DYNA,对模型进行模拟分析. 结果表明,有限元计算与加载测试所得的加速度时程曲线吻合较好. 以该模型为基础进行参数分析,结果表明随拉带初始松弛量增大、撞击板质量减小,结构加速度响应增大;相较入射球质量,入射球速度对结构峰值加速度的影响更敏感,随入射球速度增大,结构峰值加速度增大.     

DESIGN AND PRACTICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION EXPERIMENT PROJECT IN STRUCTURE DESIGN COMPETITION1)

结合土木工程专业大学生结构设计竞赛的特点和学生实践能力培养要求,为了研究结构设计竞赛竹皮构件的受力性能,以竞赛用竹皮和胶水为原料,设计了学生科技创新实验项目,对不同长度、厚度的竹皮构件分别进行抗压、抗拉、抗弯实验和胶水与竹皮的复合强度实验,通过对构件加载进行承载力测试。实验表明厚竹皮的拉、压、弯荷重比性能较好,胶水滴注可以提高竹皮的荷重比,竹皮构件受压非线性特性较为明显。该创新性实验项目紧密结合结构设计竞赛开展,具有极强的实践性和研究性,有利于培养学生的团队协作和创新能力。     

竹材层合板弯曲破坏机理的实验研究

竹材层合板是为了满足一定的使用要求，由多层单向板按同一方向整齐排列、胶合、加热固化处理而成的复合结构体。由于竹材层合板的各向异性和非均匀性，它的力学行为十分复杂，特别是弯曲时不仅各个单层产生损伤破坏，而且伴随着层间胶接层的开裂。本文对竹材层合板的弯曲破坏特征进行实验研究；一系列包含变形信息的数字散斑图像被记录；采用数字散斑相关技术(DSCM)提取了三点弯曲变形过程中的面内位移场信息，分析了不同变形阶段的位移场；给出了不同弯曲变形阶段试件的应变场分布和应变集中现象；分析了中性轴在胶层开裂、层内纤维撕裂等复杂应力情况下的演化过程及规律。最终一些宏微观破坏机制被分析，例如基体开裂，界面损伤与撕裂，界面与裂纹作用等。这些研究结果将为竹材层合板的破坏机理等力学行为的研究和工程应用开发提供实验依据。     

Reductive amination of ketones: novel one-step transfer hydrogenations in batch and continuous-flow mode

Various ketones were efficiently transformed into the corresponding amines using ammonium formate in the presence of Zn dust or 10% Pd/C. The low-cost Zn dust method proved to be effective in amine formation from carbonyl groups at the benzylic side-chain position of aromatic systems, whereas 10% Pd/C was an efficient catalyst in the reductive aminations of carbonyl groups non-conjugated with any π-system. The 10% Pd/C-catalyzed reductions were performed more effectively in a continuous-flow X-Cube reactor than in the batch system.     

竹炭-泡沫塑料复合材料对甲醛吸附性能的研究

考察了竹炭-泡沫塑料复合材料(ZP)对甲醛蒸汽的吸附量,研究了ZP中竹炭含量和吸附时间对甲醛吸附量的影响。结果表明:吸附时间2 h时,ZP-2(含竹炭5%)对甲醛的吸附量为7.157 mg.g-1,ZP-6(含竹炭25%)的吸附量增至11.913 mg.g-1;吸附时间为48 h时,ZP-2的吸附量为15.321 mg.g-1,ZP-6的吸附量增至28.668 mg.g-1。运用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察了竹炭与泡沫塑料的结合形态,初步解释了ZP对甲醛吸附性能变化的微观影响因素。采用SPSS软件以吸附时间、竹炭含量为变量对甲醛吸附量进行回归分析,得出回归方程为:Y=3.94×Ln(X1)+30.56×(X2)+1.7,相关系数R2=0.95。表明随着吸附时间(X1),竹炭含量(X2)的增加,ZP对甲醛的吸附量(Y)逐渐增大,ZP能够有效地吸附甲醛。     

微波消解催化极谱法测定茶叶及大麻笋中的痕量硒

采用微波加热和双层聚四氯乙类密闭容器,以HNO3－HCIO4为溶解试剂,MgO为外层吸收剂,快速分解茶叶及大麻笋试样。采用二阶导数法测定,硒浓度在0－50．0ng/25mL范围内与峰电流呈良好线性关系,检出限为1．44ng/25mL。     

Inter-comparison of three techniques for radon activity measurements

In this paper the results of an inter-comparison employing three distinct techniques for measuring indoor radon activities are discussed: (i) NRPB–SSI dosimeter, a diffusion chamber, CR-39 based, calibrated in a controlled radon chamber; (ii) a diffusion chamber, CR-39 based, calibrated via nuclear emulsion; (iii) canister with activated charcoal. Totally 39 dwellings of Poços de Caldas city (Minas Gerais State, Brazil), located in a high natural radioactivity region, have been monitored during a six months period.

Dosimeters (i) and (ii) were exposed continuously in all of 39 dwellings and dosimeter (iii) was exposed in 10 of them, randomly chosen. In this case the individual exposures lasted around 5 days and 4 equally time spaced exposures were made in each dwelling. Results produced by techniques (i) and (ii) show a great level of concordance. Individual results of technique (iii) for each residence show great fluctuations, but their mean results statistically agree with the other techniques. So our results indicate that active charcoal technique can be used to study average term radon variation (in few days), but its individual results cannot reflect long-term indoor radon activity.     

复因子析因试验在半成品竹笋脱硫中的应用

通过半成品竹笋在２个不同漂洗（Ｂ因子，水平数ｍ为２）时间后，利用４个不同浓度（Ａ因子，水平数ｋ为４）的柠檬酸溶液热烫２０ｍｉｎ，再进行３个不同时间的漂洗（Ｃ因子，水平数Ｑ为３）的脱硫试验，介绍４×２×３析因试验设计与统计分析方法。     

Structure and thermal properties of bamboo viscose,Tencel and conventional viscose fiber

Comparative investigations of new regenerated cellulosic fibers, bamboo viscose fiber and Tencel, together with conventional viscose fibers have been carried out to explain the similarity and difference in their molecular and fine structure. The analyses jointly using SEM, XRD and IR reveal that all the three fibers belong to cellulose II. Tencel consists of longer molecules and has a greater degree of crystallinity, while bamboo viscose fiber has a lower degree of crystallinty. TG-DTG-DSC study shows three fibers resemble in thermal behavior with a two-step decomposition mode. The first step is associated to water desorption, suggesting that bamboo viscose fiber holds better water retention and release ability, the second a depolymerization and decomposition of regenerated cellulose, indicating that Tencel is more thermally stable in this process than bamboo and conventional viscose fiber.