悬浮液进样-火焰原子发射光谱法测定米类粮食中的钾

将悬浮液进样技术应用于火焰原子发射光谱分析,成功地测定了大米,小米及高梁米中的钾,建立了快速测定钾的新方法。将样品磨细、制成琼脂悬浮液,为消除电离干扰,取适量悬浮液,加入ＮａＣｌ溶液,并制成试液。将试液喷入空气－乙炔火焰,用工作曲线法测定。     

火试金-原子吸收光谱法测定锡阳极泥中金、银含量

锡阳极泥是锡冶炼过程中的一种中间产物,其中含有大量的金、银等贵金属。准确测定锡阳极泥中金、银含量有很重要的现实意义。采用火试金法能实现锡阳极泥中金、银含量的连续测定,方法准确度高,精密度好,金、银回收率在97.46%~101.66%,能很好地满足锡阳极泥中高品位金、银的测定。     

活性炭吸附-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定粗硒中的金

建立了活性炭吸附-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定粗硒中金量的分析方法。讨论了称样量、溶样条件和活性炭的灰化程度对金量测定的影响,并且对火焰原子吸收光谱法与火试金法测定粗硒中的金量做了比较。火焰原子吸收光谱法和火试金法测定的相对标准偏差分别为1.3%~5.9%和0.91%~7.8%;加标回收率分别为93.1%~100.7%和94.8%~102.2%。结果表明,方法有较好的精密度和准确度,并且具有较强的实用性。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法测定四种奶片中的钙和镁

采用HNO3-HClO4混酸体系溶解奶片,电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定试样中的钙和镁含量,结果表明非糖果型奶片中钙和镁的含量较高。通过加标回收实验,钙和镁的加标回收率为96.7%～101%,相对标准偏差均小于3%,方法准确、快捷,为研究奶片在儿童成长发育中的作用提供了相关的依据。     

地球化学样品中铷元素的方法选择研究

本文针易电离元素铷,采用原子吸收光谱法和电感耦合等离子体多元素测定的两种方法进行了探讨。三酸溶样的原子吸收法需要加入硫酸钾做电离抑制剂,操作繁杂但检出限更低,线性范围窄;四酸溶样的等离子体光谱法方法简便快速,适合大批量多元素快速测定。两种方法结合使用可实现大批量样品中铷的快捷、简单、准确检测。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定铅锌混合精矿中高含量的银

建立了以硝酸-硫酸溶样,在碱性介质中用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定铅锌混合精矿中高含量银的分析方法对硫酸用量、碱性介质的浓度、干扰离子等进行了探讨在0～4μg/mL范围内,银含量与吸光度呈线性关系,相关系数为0．9993加标回收率为98．78％～102．56％,测量结果的相对标准偏差小于2．0％,测定范围为500～3000g/t。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法直接测定锡阳极泥中的银

建立了火焰原子吸收光谱法(FAAS)测定锡阳极泥中银含量的方法。文章考察了不同的测定介质、酸度对测定结果的影响。实验结果表明在选定条件下,锡阳极泥中的锡、锑、铅等杂质不干扰银的测定。方法加标回收率在99.2%~103%,精密度实验结果表明,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=11)均小于4%。操作过程简单,能满足生产的需要。     

纳秒强激光电离苯产生高价碳离子的波长效应

The photoionization of seeded benzene beam by 25 ns laser pulse at wavelengths of 266,355 and 1064 nm has been studied by the time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The observed mass spectra at 266 nm and 355 nm at intensities of 1010-1011 W/cm2 indicate a multiphoton ionization and dissociation（MPID）process,in which C+,C2Hx+,C3Hx+,C4Hx+ and C6H6+ are main products. While at 1064 nm laser of similar intensities,the domain ion is C4+ which is produced from Coulomb explosion. The longer wavelength facilities the energy absorption rate during inverse bremsstrahlung,which leads to the resulting wavelength dependence of the multicharged atomic ions.     

Universal solvation model based on conductor‐like screening model

Atomic surface tensions are parameterized for use with solvation models in which the electrostatic part of the calculation is based on the conductor‐like screening model (COSMO) and the semiempirical molecular orbital methods AM1, PM3, and MNDO/d. The convergence of the calculated polarization free energies with respect to the numerical parameters of the electrostatic calculations is first examined. The accuracy and precision of the calculated values are improved significantly by adjusting two parameters that control the segmentation of the solvent‐accessible surface that is used for the calculations. The accuracy of COSMO calculations is further improved by adopting an optimized set of empirical electrostatic atomic radii. Finally, the electrostatic calculation is combined with SM5‐type atomic surface tension functionals that are used to compute the nonelectrostatic portions of the solvation free energy. All parameterizations are carried out using rigid (R) gas‐phase geometries; this combination (SM5‐type surface tensions, COSMO electrostatics, and rigid geometries) is called SM5CR. Six air–water and 76 water–solvent partition coefficients are added to the training set of air–solvent data points previously used to parameterize the SM5 suite of solvation models, thereby bringing the total number of data points in the training set to 2266. The model yields free energies of solvation and transfer with mean unsigned errors of 0.63, 0.59, and 0.61 kcal/mol for AM1, PM3, and MNDO/d, respectively, over all 2217 data points for neutral solutes in the training set and mean unsigned errors of 3.0, 2.7, and 3.1 kcal/mol, respectively, for 49 data points for the ions. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Comput Chem 21: 340–366, 2000     

New dimension indices for the characterization of the solvent‐accessible surface

A method for the computation of a dimension index D is implemented in program TOPO and applied to calculate the solvent‐accessible surfaces of molecules. Our algorithm distinguishes external from internal atoms, and uses such a feature to give two fractal‐like dimension indices, D and D′. The D′−D difference is a sensitive method to elucidate the occurrence of atoms that are hidden to solvents. For molecules with buried atoms this difference is great (e.g., faujasite). The procedure is compared with the GEPOL code, which provides high‐quality results. TOPO systematic error can be easily corrected by simple addition of a small constant value (0.011). Correlation models between indices D and D′, globularity, rugosity, dipole moment and other properties make clear the existence of a homogeneous molecular structure in each series. Additional applications are the extrapolation of D to infinite polymers, the variation of the D with generations of dendrimers and a revision of D for lysozyme. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Comput Chem 22: 477–487, 2001