Catalytic, asymmetric synthesis of α,α-disubstituted amino acids

Copper(salen) complex 1 has been found to catalyse the asymmetric alkylation of enolates derived from a variety of amino acids. There is a clear relationship between the size of the side chain in the substrate and the enantioselectivity of the process, so that the enantioselectivity decreases in the order alanine>aminobutyric acid>allylglycine>leucine>phenylalanine>valine. A transition state model which accounts for the influence of the size of the side chain on the enantioselectivity of the reactions is presented.     

N-(6-甲基-2-亚甲基吡啶)-( )-樟脑亚胺体系的不对称烷基化反应

目前,不对称合成光学活性化合物取得了较大进展,不对称合成α-氨基酸、β-氨基醇、α-取代苄胺的报道很多。但是,不对称合成生物碱类物质——α-取代氨甲基吡啶类化合物还未见文献报道,而此类化合物有潜在的应用前景。为此,我们以( )-樟脑为手性试剂     

Useful dual Diels-Alder behavior of 2-azetidinone-tethered aryl imines as azadienophiles or azadienes: a beta-lactam-based stereocontrolled access to optically pure highly functionalized indolizidine systems

Imines derived from 4-oxoazetidine-2-carbaldehydes have been found to be versatile Diels-Alder reagents in that they exhibit two reactivity patterns. 2-Azetidinone-tethered imines undergo diastereoselective reaction with Danishefsky's diene in the presence of different Lewis acids. The effect of the amount of catalyst on the conversion rate as well as on the product ratio has been studied. Under standard reaction conditions, indium(III) chloride and zinc(II) iodide provided the best yields, and indium(III) triflate the highest diastereoselectivity in the Lewis acid promoted aza-Diels-Alder cycloaddition. Treatment of the aforementioned imines with cyclopentadiene, 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene or 3,4-dihydro-2 H-pyran led to cycloadducts arising from inverse electron-demand condensation involving the beta-lactam-tethered aryl imine as the heterodiene component. In addition, the first methodology for preparing indolizidines from beta-lactams has been developed. This process involves amide bond cleavage of the beta-lactam ring in the aza-Diels-Alder cycloadducts with concomitant cyclization. Full chirality transfer occurs when the reaction is performed with an enantiomerically pure substrate.     

Asymmetric Diels–Alder reactions in supercritical carbon dioxide catalyzed by rare earth complexes

The rare earth(III) salt catalysed asymmetric Diels–Alder reaction of cyclopentadiene with a chiral dienophile in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO₂) proceeded rapidly to give the adduct with a higher diastereoselectivity than that in dichloromethane; Yb(ClO₄)₃ gave the endo adduct with value up to 77% de at 40°C, 8 MPa. The chiral rare earth diketonate catalyzed hetero Diels–Alder reaction of the Danishefsky's diene with benzaldehyde gave a higher yield and an enantioselectivity in scCO₂ than that in dichloromethane. Scandium/pybox 8a complex catalysed asymmetric Diels–Alder reaction of 3-crotonoyl-2-oxazolidinone with cyclopentadiene in the presence of MS4A proceeded smoothly in scCO₂ to give the endo adduct 10 in a good yield with up to 88% ee.     

An aldol approach to the total synthesis of (+)-brefeldin A

A convergent selective route to (+)-brefeldin A (BFA) and 7-epi-BFA was developed, with the crucial C-4/C-5 stereogenic centers were established using Crimmins asymmetric aldolization.     

Catalytic Asymmetric[2,3]-Sigmatropic Rearrangement of Sulfur Ylides Generated from Carbenoids and Allenic 2-Methylphenyl Sulfide

The first investigation on catalytic asymmetric [2, 3]-sigmatrop-ic rearrangement of sulfur ylides generated from carbenoids andallenic phenyl sulfide was carried out. Up to 55% ee value wasobtained.     

有机溶剂中(R)-醇腈酶催化不对称合成(R)-苯乙醇腈

 研究了来源于杏仁的（R）－醇腈酶在有机溶剂异丙醚中催化苯甲醛与HCN不对称合成（R）－苯乙醇腈，初步探讨了来源于不同杏仁的（R）－醇腈酶的筛选、最适酶量的确定以及底物HCN与苯甲醛的配比、底物浓度、酶的微环境pH和反应温度对不对称合成反应的影响．结果发现，来源于苦杏仁的（R）－醇腈酶优于来源于甜杏仁的（R）－醇腈酶．优化的反应条件为：最适酶量150g／L，HCN与苯甲醛的配比2．5，苯甲醛浓度300mmol／L，酶的微环境pH5．4，反应温度0～5℃．在该优化反应条件下，反应平衡转化率和产物的光学纯度均高达99％以上．     

Asymmetric dihydroxylation of vinyl sulfones: routes to enantioenriched α-hydroxyaldehydes and the enantioselective syntheses of furan-2(5H)-ones

The asymmetric dihydroxylation of α,β-unsaturated sulfones under Sharpless conditions affords enantioenriched α-hydroxyaldehydes in a complex mixture of dimeric species. These mixtures undergo olefination generating the corresponding α,β-unsaturated esters or furan-2(5H)-ones with high levels of enantiomeric excess. The application of this method for the rapid stereoselective synthesis of the furanone natural products; quercus lactone and maritolide, are described.