用分子自组装技术制备的单电子器件的Monte Carlo模拟

用分子自组装技术制备出纳米金单电子器件,并测量了其伏安特性,根据单电子系统的半经典理论,用MonteCarlo法对其结果进行了模拟.结果表明,模拟出的伏安曲线与实测的伏安曲线有较好的一致性,反映了模拟方法用于单电子器件研究的合理性,此外发现,虽然单电子器件两电极间含有众多的纳米粒子,但在低压区,其伏安特性只与少数纳米粒子有关 关键词： 单电子器件 MonteCarlo模拟 分子自组装     

毛细管电泳-修饰电极电化学检测法测定饮用水中溴酸盐

通过静电组装技术在碳圆盘电极（PGE）表面制备{聚二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵（PDDA）/多壁碳纳米管（MWCNT）}n/PDDA多膜,并采用循环伏安法在多膜表面电化学修饰一磷钼酸（PMo12）膜,构筑PGE/{PDDA/MWNTs}5/PDDA/PMo12复合膜修饰电极,研究该复合膜修饰电极电化学及其对溴酸盐（BrO3-）电催化还原性质.在此基础上建立毛细管电泳-PGE/{PDDA/MWNTs}5/PDDA/PMo12修饰电极电化学检法定饮用水中溴酸盐分析新方法.在优化实验条件下,电泳峰面积与溴酸根浓度在5.0×10-8～5.0×10-5mol/L范围内呈良好性关系（r=0.9954）,检出为2.0×10-8mol/L（S/N=3）.     

关于摄象镜头和显示器在显微镜和望远镜中的应用

光学实验部分是物理实验中的重要实验内容之一,教师讲解从显微镜和远镜中观察到了什么现象,不管讲解的多么形象,学生也是看不见真实的现象,并且学生和教师长期观看显微镜和望远镜里面的现象,对视力都有严重的危害。实验效果也有误差,为解决上述存在的问题将摄象镜头和显示器在显微镜和望远镜中进行应用。     

Amphiphilic block poly(propylene carbonate)‐block‐allyloxypolyethyleneglycol copolymer based shell cross‐linked micelles for controlled release of drug

Amphiphilic block poly(propylene carbonate)‐block‐allyloxypolyethyleneglycol (PPC‐b‐APEG) copolymer was synthesized by the click chemistry, and its structure were characterized. PPC‐b‐APEG can self‐assemble into micelles without emulsifier in water. Shell cross‐linked micelles were obtained by the reaction of the allyloxy groups, which were exposed on the outer of the PPC‐b‐APEG micelles, and N‐vinylpyrrolidone (NVP). The morphology and size of the micelles before and after cross‐link reactions were characterized. The research result shows that the shell cross‐linking could improve the stability of micelles. The particle size of uncross‐linked micelle was about 800 nm. The size of cross‐linked micelles increased with increasing amount of cross‐linking degree. To better evaluate the release behavior of PPC‐b‐PEG copolymer, doxorubicin (DOX)‐loaded micelles were synthesized using DOX as the model drug. Results showed that the DOX releasing rate decreased with increasing of NVP. The shell cross‐linking do decrease the burst release behaviours of DOX and reduce the DOX release rate.     

墨水溶剂对低铂含量质子交换膜燃料电池性能的影响

Owing to the scarcity of platinum, it is of high importance to develop electrodes with low platinum metal loading and to thereby improve the utilization of Pt for the commercialization of proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). In comparison to conventional high-platinum electrodes, the thickness of the catalyst layer (CL) is thinner and the interatomic Pt spacing is larger for the low-Pt loading electrodes. The distribution of electrolyte ionomer and the electrode morphology, which are strongly influenced by the solvents used in the fabrication process, are therefore increasingly important factors for achieving high performance in the membrane electrode assembly (MEA). In this work, different solvents with various dielectric constants and evaporation rates were used to prepare the inks for low-Pt loading cathode (0.1 mg·cm^-2) fabrication. First, the inks were fabricated by dispersing the catalyst and ionomer in different solvents which were then coated onto carbon paper to prepare the gas diffusion electrodes. The anode and cathode electrodes were then hot-pressed together with the Nafion membrane to produce the MEAs. The results showed a mixture of isopropanol-water (4:1) yielded the best-performing MEA during the single-cell tests compared to the other solvents tested. In order to elucidate the relationship between the performance of MEAs and the solvents, the structure and the surface morphology of the CL and the distribution of Nafion ionomer in the CL was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A comparison of the SEM and TEM images of representative samples indicated that the best performing electrode had a much improved homogeneity in the surface morphology as well as the dispersion of catalyst and ionomer. This was because of the moderate evaporation rate and better dispersion, caused by the increased hydrogen bonding and high dielectric constant, respectively. The results from dynamic light scattering (DLS) showed that the size of the catalyst and ionomer aggregates are influenced by the solvents. It is suggested that larger aggregates might help the formation of holes in the CL for gas diffusion and water removal, with the optimum size found to be around 400–800 nm. In conclusion, the MEA fabricated from the isopropanol-water solvent exhibited a significantly increased power density (1.79 W·cm^-2), and the utilization of Pt was increased to approximately 0.047 mg·W^-1, which is among the best-performing fuel cells reported to date.     

图案化TiO2薄膜的制备技术

本文综述了图案化TiO2薄膜的制备技术,按图案的生成方式可分为图案的直接生成,掩膜复制法,硬质模板复制法三大类。可以通过针尖写蚀法、电子书写蚀法、激光写蚀法、自组装法、光电化学法直接制备图案。掩膜复制法包括光刻胶法、自组装膜法、光敏凝胶膜法等。硬质模板法也称软刻蚀技术,分为复制微模塑、转移微模塑、毛细管微模塑、微接触印刷法、光-盖印印刷等技术。对每类方法的优缺点作了适当评述,对今后图案化TiO2薄膜制备的研究方向提出了一些建议。     

直接甲醇燃料电池中的膜性能比较

制备了磺化聚醚醚酮(SPEEK)和磺化酚酞型聚醚砜(SPES-C)两种质子交换膜,考察了其质子导电和阻醇性能.实验发现,两种新型质子交换膜具有一定的化学稳定性和质子电导率,尤其在高温下两种新膜的质子电导率与Nafion膜接近.两种新膜的甲醇透过系数要比Nafion膜的低1～2个数量级.分别以两种新型膜和Nafion115膜为电解质制备了直接甲醇燃料电池膜电极,讨论了膜材料的性能对直接甲醇燃料电池性能的影响.结果表明,膜材料的阻醇性越好,电池的开路电压越高;膜的电导率越高,在较高电流密度区域内电池的性能越好.     

Dynamic Assembly Inclusion Complexes of Tweezer‐type Bis(zinc porphyrin) with 5,15‐Di(4‐pyridyl)porphyrin Derivatives

Dynamic assembly inclusion complexes of tweezer-type bis(zinc porphyrin) (1) with di(4-pyridyl)porphyrin derivatives have been designed and constructed. The complexes are induced by Zn-N coordination, and the weak binding allows the large-size di(4-pyridyl)porphyrin guests in random rotation. Dynamic characteristics of these assemblies, such as ligand exchange and dynamic fluorescence quenching, have been investigated by 1H NMR, UV-Vis and fluorescence spectra. The stability of such assembly has pronounced dependence on the size-matching effect and thermal effect.     

Biocomplementary interaction behavior in DNA‐like and RNA‐like polymers

A series of nucleobased polymers and copolymers were synthesized through atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Biocomplementary DNA‐ and RNA‐like supramolecular complexes are formed in dilute DMSO solution through nucleobase recognition. ¹H NMR titration studies of these complexes in CDCl₃ indicated that thymine‐adenine (T‐A) and uracil‐adenine (U‐A) complexes form rapidly on the NMR time scale with high association constants (up to 534 and 671 M^–1, respectively) and result in significant T_g increase. WAXD and differential scanning calorimetry analyzes in the bulk state indicate the presence of highly physical cross‐linked structures and provide further details into the nature of the self‐assembly of these systems. Furthermore, this study is of discussion on the difference in the hydrogen bond strength between T‐A and U‐A base pairs within polymer systems, indicating that the strength of hydrogen bonds in RNA U‐A pairs is stronger than that in DNA T‐A base pairs. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 6388–6395, 2009