One‐Step Synthesis of Folic Acid Protected Gold Nanoparticles and Their Receptor‐Mediated Intracellular Uptake

We report here a facile method to obtain folic acid (FA)‐protected gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) by heating an aqueous solution of HAuCl₄/FA in which FA acts as both the reducing and stabilizing agent. The successful formation of FA‐protected Au NPs is demonstrated by UV/Vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected‐area electron diffraction (SAED), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The intracellular uptake of these nanoparticles is facilitated by HeLa cells overexpressing the folate reporter, which itself is significantly inhibited by free FA in a competitive assay as quantified by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP‐MS). This simple one‐step approach affords a new perspective for creating functional nanomaterials, and the resulting biocompatible, functional Au NPs may find some prospective applications in various biomedical fields.     

Stable cellulose nanospheres for cellular uptake

Pure, perfectly spherical cellulose nanoparticles with sizes of ≈80-260 nm can be prepared by dialysis starting from trimethylsilylcellulose (TMSC). The aqueous suspensions obtained are storable for several months. Subsequent covalent labeling of the cellulose nanoparticles with FITC has no influence on particle size, shape, and stability. The particles can be sterilized and suspended in biological media without structural changes. Incorporation of FITC-labeled cellulose nanoparticles into living human fibroblasts is studied using confocal LSM. In contrast to cellulose nanocrystals, fast cellular uptake is found for the nanospheres without transfection reagents or attachment of a receptor molecule. This suggests an influence of the geometry of biocompatible nanomaterials on endocytosis.     

Ethanol as a Solvent in the Determination of Arsenic in Marine Extracts by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry

Abstract

Arsenic is determined in aqueous solutions produced from marine raw materials by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Conversion of the aqueous extract to an ethanol-extract increases the sensitivity of determination by a factor of 4 to 5. The method is applied to some selected samples produced from marine raw materials.     

荧光猝灭法测定痕量砷（Ⅲ）

根据在稀盐酸介质中,碘酸钾可与As(Ⅲ）发生氧化还原反应生成I2,I2与荧光试剂吡咯红Y作用,使其荧光猝灭,提出了一种新的测定痕量As(Ⅲ）的荧光分析法。该方法的线性范围为24.0-248μg/L,检出限为14.1μg/L,方法用于自来水、尿液、血清及合成样中痕量As(Ⅲ）的测定,均获得满意结果。     

The Remarkable Effect of Halogen Substitution on the Membrane Transport of Fluorescent Molecules in Living Cells

Small‐molecule‐based fluorescent probes have become important tools in biology for sensing and imaging applications. However, the biological applications of many of the fluorescent molecules are hampered by low cellular uptake and high toxicity. In this paper, we show for the first time that the introduction of halogen atoms enhances the cellular uptake of fluorescent molecules and the nature of halogen atoms plays a crucial role in the plasma membrane transport in mammalian cells. The remarkably higher uptake of iodinated compounds compared to that of their chloro or bromo analogues suggests that the strong halogen bonding ability of iodine atoms may play an important role in the membrane transport. This study provides a novel strategy for the transport of fluorescent molecules across the plasma membrane in living cells.     

高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱联用测定鸡肉及鸡肝中10种砷形态化合物

建立了一种有效分离检测鸡肉及鸡肝样品中洛克沙砷(ROX)、阿散酸(ASA)、硝苯胂酸(NPAA)、卡巴胂(CBS)、砷酸(AsⅤ)、亚砷酸(AsⅢ)、一甲基胂酸(MMA)、二甲基胂酸(DMA)、砷甜菜碱(As B)和砷胆碱(As C)共10种砷形态化合物的高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱(HPLC-ICP-MS)分析方法。采用10%甲醇为提取液,碳酸铵溶液为流动相,以阴离子分析柱将样品提取液进行分离,最后进行ICP-MS测定。10种砷形态化合物在0.1~100μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r2)均大于0.999,检出限为0.3~1.5μg/kg,定量下限为1.0~5.0μg/kg,加标回收率为81.3%~97.7%,相对标准偏差为0.1%~3.5%。该法重现性好、灵敏度高,且采用组织研磨仪机械振荡5 min即可成功提取10种砷形态化合物,与常规水浴加热振荡提取相比更加简便、高效。该法适用于鸡肉及鸡肝样品中10种砷形态化合物的同时检测,通过对实际样品的分析测定,在鸡肝样品中检出阿散酸和亚砷酸。     

原子荧光光谱法测定玩具材料中可迁移砷

玩具材料和玩具部件按《玩具安全》(GB6675—2014)规定的程序制样和用盐酸提取后,加入硫脲-抗坏血酸将提取溶液中砷预还原为适合氢化物发生的价态As(Ⅲ),再加入硼氢化钾使其还原成砷氢化物,建立了原子荧光光谱法测定玩具材料中可迁移砷含量的方法。方法的检出限为0.017mg/kg,多种代表性玩具材料的砷元素加标回收率在94.4%~104%。方法适用于各种玩具材料中可迁移砷的分析。     

Stimuli‐responsive polymer nanocomposites based on styrene‐butadiene rubber and bacterial cellulose whiskers

Water‐induced mechanically adaptive rubber nanocomposites were prepared by mixing bacterial cellulose whiskers (BCWs) suspension with styrene‐butadiene rubber (SBR) latex, followed by evaporation method. The structure, morphology, dynamic mechanical properties, water stimuli‐responsive behavior, and biodegradability of SBR/BCWs nanocomposite films were investigated. The results showed that the hydrophilic whiskers had a significant reinforcement effect on the storage modulus of SBR matrix, which originated from the formation of a rigid three‐dimensional filler network within matrix by strong hydrogen bonding between whiskers. The SBR/BCWs nanocomposites showed pronounced water stimuli‐responsive behavior compared with neat SBR. The storage modulus of SBR/BCWs nanocomposite could be decreased by 99.2% after equilibrium water swelling. This remarkable water‐triggered modulus change is attributed to the disentanglement of BCWs network via competitive hydrogen bonding with water.     

Coupling nanoliter high‐performance liquid chromatography to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for arsenic speciation

Nanoliter high‐performance liquid chromatography shows low consumption of solvents and samples, offering one of the best choices for arsenic speciation in precious samples in combination with inuctively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. A systematic investigation on coupling nanoliter high‐performance liquid chromatography to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry from instrument design to injected sample volume and mobile phase was performed in this study. Nanoflow mobile phase was delivered by flow splitting using a conventional high‐pressure pump with reuse of mobile phase waste. Dead volume was minimized to 60 nL for the sheathless interface based on the previously developed nanonebulizer. Capillary columns for nanoliter high‐performance liquid chromatography were found to be sensitive to sample loading volume. An apparent difference was also found between the mobile phases for nanoliter and conventional high‐performance liquid chromatography. Baseline separation of arsenite, arsenate, monomethylarsenic, and dimethylarsenic was achieved within 11 min on a 15 cm C₁₈ capillary column and within 12 min on a 25 cm strong anion exchange column. Detection limits of 0.9–1.8 μg/L were obtained with precisions variable in the range of 1.6–4.2%. A good agreement between determined and certified values of a certified reference material of human urine (GBW 09115) validated its accuracy along with good recoveries (87–102%).     

纳米银对水中三价砷的催化氧化研究

纳米银由于具有优良的杀菌性能,越来越多地用到饮用水消毒等领域.其作为杀菌剂主要针对饮用水中细菌超标以及水处理膜组件中存在的膜污染（菌污染）等问题.然而,由于AgNPs具有良好的光催化活性,可能会影响水处理系统中共存无机砷[As（Ⅲ）和As（V）]的形态转化.本研究采用液相色谱-电感耦合等离子质谱联用技术（HPLC-ICP/MS）测定As（Ⅲ）和As（V）,系统考察了水相中AgNPs对As（Ⅲ）和As（V）的吸附性能,体系pH值、NOM及共存离子（以Ca²⁺为例）等环境因素以及AgNPs的粒径和包覆剂等对As（Ⅲ）形态变化的影响.结果表明,AgNPs对As（Ⅲ）不存在物理吸附,但对As（Ⅲ）的氧化具有明显的催化作用.体系pH大于7.0时,AgNPs开始呈现对As（Ⅲ）氧化的显著催化作用,NOM、Ca²⁺、光照等环境因素均在一定程度上促进As（Ⅲ）的形态转化.此外,该过程与AgNPs本身的性质密切相关,粒径越小其催化性越好,PVP/CTS包覆AgNPs对As（Ⅲ）的催化氧化反应速率常数（k＝15.82×10^－2 h^－1）为柠檬酸包覆AgNPs的2倍.最后,在实际环境水样中验证了AgNPs对As（Ⅲ）的催化氧化.以上研究结果表明,水处理系统中的AgNPs在杀菌抑菌的同时,还能够促使As（Ⅲ）向低毒As（V）的转化,为As污染的去除提供了新的思路.